饲粮不同代谢能和SID赖氨酸水平对高产哺乳深县母猪相关性能的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探讨饲粮不同代谢能(ME)和标准回肠可消化(SID)赖氨酸水平对高产哺乳深县母猪繁殖性能、乳成分、营养物质表观消化率、血清能氮代谢指标、粪便微生物组成和仔猪生长性能的影响。试验选取60头总产仔数不小于11头的健康深县母猪随机分为6组，每组10个重复，每个重复1头猪。采用2×3因子设计，设置两个代谢能(ME)水平(13.46 MJ·kg^-1和13.72 MJ·kg^-1)和3个标准回肠可消化赖氨酸(SID Lys)水平(0.65%、0.85%、1.05%)，组成6个处理。试验从分娩开始到断奶共进行35 d。结果表明，日粮ME为13.72 MJ·kg^-1时，母猪的体重损失和背膘损失显著下降(P < 0.05)，仔猪平均日增重(ADG)和断奶成活率显著升高(P < 0.05)，并且上述指标均以0.85% SID Lys组为最优。13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME组哺乳母猪对干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)和总能(GE)的表观消化率显著提高(P < 0.05)。0.65% SID Lys组母猪对CP的消化率显著低于其余两组(P < 0.05)。伴随日粮代谢能升高，母猪常乳中乳糖和乳脂水平显著升高(P < 0.05)，而0.85% SID Lys组乳蛋白水平最高(P < 0.05)。饲喂13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME日粮的母猪血清中甘油三酯(TG)浓度显著增加(P < 0.05)，肌酐(CRE)显著减少(P < 0.05)，尿素氮(BUN)水平随赖氨酸升高呈先降低后升高的二次变化(P < 0.05)。日粮13.72 MJ·kg^-1的ME水平导致母猪粪便中链球菌属(Streptococcus)丰度显著增加(P < 0.05)，而苏黎世杆菌属(Turicibacter)和罗姆布茨菌属(Romnoitsia)显著下降(P < 0.05)，梭菌属(Clostridium_T)随赖氨酸的升高线性下降(P < 0.05)。综上所述，高产深县猪哺乳期日粮ME水平为13.72 MJ·kg^-1，SID Lys水平为0.85% 时，可以保证母猪的优良体况，加快机体能量代谢和氮代谢，保证优质乳成分，改善肠道微生态环境，促进仔猪生长发育。

关键词: 代谢能, SID赖氨酸, 哺乳深县母猪, 性能, 乳成分

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary metabolizable energy and standard ileal digestible lysine levels on the lactation performance, milk components, apparent digestibility of nutrients, energy and nitrogen metabolism markers in serum, fecal microbiota, and growth performance of piglets in high-producing Shenxian sows. Sixty multiparous Shenxian sows with a total litter size of at least 11 piglets were randomly divided into six groups of ten replicates each, with one pig per replicate. A 2×3 factorial design was used, with two metabolizable energy (ME) levels (13.46 and 13.72 MJ·kg^-1) and three standard ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) levels (0.65%, 0.85%, and 1.05%), resulting in six treatments. The experiment lasted for 35 days from parturition to weaning. The results showed that the body weight loss and backfat loss of lactating sows were significantly reduced when the dietary energy was 13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME (P < 0.05), and the average daily gain (ADG) and weaning survival rate of piglets were significantly increased (P < 0.05), with the above indicators being optimal at 0.85% SID Lys. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and gross energy (GE) of lactating sows were significantly improved in the 13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME group (P < 0.05). The digestibility of crude protein (CP) in sows fed 0.65% SID Lys was significantly lower than that of the other two groups (P < 0.05). The levels of lactose and fat in milk were significantly increased with rising dietary ME (P < 0.05), and the highest level of milk protein was observed in the 0.85% SID Lys group (P < 0.05). The serum triglyceride (TG) concentration of lactating sows was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the creatinine (CRE) concentration was significantly reduced in the 13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME group (P < 0.05). The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level showed a parabolic change with lysine level increased (P < 0.05). The energy level of 13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME resulted in a significant increase in Streptococcus abundance (P < 0.05), while Turicibacter and Romnoitsia decreased significantly (P < 0.05), and Clostridium_T showed a linear decrease with increasing lysine concentration (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the dietary energy level of 13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME and the lysine level of 0.85% SID Lys in high-producing Shenxian lactating sows ensures excellent body condition, accelerates energy metabolism and nitrogen metabolism of the body, ensures high-quality milk components, improves the intestinal micro-ecological environment, and promotes growth of the piglets.

Key words: metebolizable energy, standard ileal digestible lysine, lactating Shenxian sows, performance, milk composition

中图分类号:

S828.5

桂若虹, 曹洪战, 刘松瓒, 刘吉祥, 赵嘉龙, 芦春莲. 饲粮不同代谢能和SID赖氨酸水平对高产哺乳深县母猪相关性能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4472-4490.

GUI Ruohong, CAO Hongzhan, LIU Songzan, LIU Jixiang, ZHAO Jialong, LU Chunlian. Effects of Different Dietary Metabolizable Energy and Standard Ileal Digestible Lysine Levels on Performance of High-Producing Lactating Shenxian Sows[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4472-4490.

图/表 13

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日粮不同ME和SID Lys水平对哺乳母猪血清游离氨基酸的影响"

项目Item		Asp	Glu	His	Ser	Arg	Gly	Thr	Pro	Ala	Val	Met	Cys	Ile	Leu	Phe	Lys	Tyr
组别 Group	LL	6.83	27.52	8.59	18.09	59.20	70.80	41.78	33.89	38.72	39.07	3.09^cd	0.66	11.50	25.04	13.02	68.56	7.34
	LM	5.19	24.16	7.06	13.66	46.58	72.27	29.02	28.14	31.28	25.29	2.57^d	0.47	8.42	17.44	11.72	58.67	7.00
	LH	5.89	26.18	7.79	13.41	28.31	57.27	38.94	30.01	36.67	36.99	4.78^a	0.49	10.50	18.70	9.23	60.22	6.63
	HL	6.24	27.44	8.62	15.55	61.10	72.56	36.47	29.45	38.98	37.87	4.06^ab	0.69	11.22	25.53	14.99	64.86	7.38
	HM	5.11	24.05	7.03	13.29	44.76	64.23	29.36	27.98	30.03	29.83	2.81^d	0.43	9.87	18.56	9.83	56.63	6.25
	HH	4.87	23.96	7.01	13.17	18.37	59.41	34.97	30.44	33.57	32.19	3.85^bc	0.51	9.64	19.23	10.11	60.89	7.29
SEM		0.25	0.77	0.24	0.48	3.73	1.66	1.41	0.79	1.18	1.29	0.17	0.03	0.28	0.77	0.58	1.14	0.34
主效应Main effect
代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) ME
13.46		5.97	25.95	7.81	15.05	44.70	66.78	36.58	30.68	35.56	33.78	3.48	0.54	10.14	20.39	11.33	6.62	6.99
13.72		5.41	25.15	7.55	14.00	41.41	65.40	33.60	29.29	34.19	33.30	3.58	0.54	10.24	21.11	11.64	6.96	6.97
标准回肠可消化赖氨酸/% SID Lys
0.65		6.54	27.48	8.60^a	16.82^a	60.15^a	71.68^a	39.12^a	31.67	38.85^a	38.47^a	3.58^b	0.67^a	11.36^a	25.28^a	14.00^a	66.71^a	7.36
0.85		5.15	24.11	7.04^b	13.48^b	45.67^b	68.25^a	29.19^b	28.06	30.65^b	27.56^b	2.69^c	0.45^b	9.14^b	18.00^b	10.77^b	57.65^b	6.62
1.05		5.38	25.07	7.40^b	13.29^b	23.34^c	58.34^b	36.96^a	30.23	35.12^ab	34.59^a	4.32^a	0.50^b	10.07^b	18.97^b	9.67^b	60.56^b	6.96
P值P-value
代谢能ME		0.255	0.612	0.553	0.202	0.574	0.625	0.244	0.378	0.542	0.821	0.684	0.940	0.830	0.547	0.757	0.405	0.980
标准回肠可消化赖氨酸SID Lys		0.058	0.212	0.018	0.002	< 0.001	0.001	0.008	0.178	0.018	0.001	< 0.001	0.001	0.002	< 0.001	0.004	0.003	0.701
代谢能标准回肠可消化赖氨酸MESID Lys		0.733	0.817	0.709	0.438	0.696	0.257	0.635	0.388	0.825	0.214	0.007	0.774	0.126	0.970	0.284	0.671	0.719

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代谢能水平 ME level	标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平SID Lys levels
代谢能水平 ME level	0.65%	0.85%	1.05%
13.46 MJ·kg^-1	LL组(饲养标准)	LM组	LH组
13.72 MJ·kg^-1	HL组	HM组	HH组

项目Item	组别Group
项目Item	LL组	LM组	LH组	HL组	HM组	HH组
原料/% Ingredient
玉米Corn	61.94	61.81	61.79	60.50	60.40	60.00
小麦麸Wheat bran	6.06	6.66	7.24	5.93	6.52	7.45
大豆粕Soybean meal	20.49	19.65	18.80	20.80	19.96	19.04
玉米胚芽粕Corn germ meal	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00
大豆油Soybean oil	3.01	3.10	3.10	4.29	4.34	4.44
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐(98.5%) L-Lysine HCl	0.12	0.39	0.66	0.11	0.39	0.66
DL-蛋氨酸(99%) DL-Methionine	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04
L-苏氨酸(99%) L-Threonine	0.15	0.15	0.16	0.15	0.15	0.16
L-色氨酸(99%) L-Tryptophan	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.04	0.05	0.05
L-缬氨酸(99%) L-Valine	0.14	0.15	0.16	0.14	0.15	0.16
预混料Premix¹	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00	4.00
合计Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平/% Nutrient level²
代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) Metabolizable energy	13.45	13.46	13.45	13.72	13.72	13.72
粗蛋白Crude protein	15.78	15.64	15.59	15.75	15.56	15.70
钙Calcium	0.80	0.82	0.80	0.77	0.78	0.79
磷Phosphorus	0.59	0.58	0.57	0.57	0.58	0.57
总赖氨酸Total Lys	0.76	0.95	1.15	0.76	0.96	1.15
总蛋氨酸Total Met	0.29	0.28	0.28	0.29	0.28	0.28
总苏氨酸Total Thr	0.65	0.64	0.64	0.66	0.65	0.64
总色氨酸Total Trp	0.18	0.19	0.19	0.18	0.18	0.18
总缬氨酸Total Val	0.89	0.89	0.88	0.89	0.89	0.89
猪标准回肠可消化赖氨酸SID Lys	0.65	0.85	1.05	0.65	0.85	1.05
猪标准回肠可消化蛋氨酸SID Met	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23	0.23
猪标准回肠可消化苏氨酸SID Thr	0.55	0.55	0.55	0.55	0.55	0.55
猪标准回肠可消化色氨酸SID Trp	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17	0.17
猪标准回肠可消化缬氨酸SID Val	0.74	0.74	0.74	0.74	0.74	0.74

项目 Item		胎次 Parity	分娩体重/kg IBM	断奶体重/kg FBM	体重损失/kg BW loss	分娩背膘/mm IBF	断奶背膘/mm FBF	背膘损失/mm BF loss	平均日采食量/ (kg·d^-1) ADFI	断奶-发情间隔/d WEI
组别 Group	LL	3.10	159.69	142.88	16.81	25.67	17.44	8.23	3.65^b	5.90
	LM	3.30	156.11	140.90	15.21	25.63	18.44	7.19	3.78^a	5.70
	LH	3.20	155.10	139.27	15.83	24.46	16.55	7.91	3.74^ab	6.00
	HL	3.20	156.16	144.63	11.53	24.30	18.36	5.94	3.71^ab	5.90
	HM	3.10	158.95	145.97	12.98	25.58	19.36	6.23	3.70^ab	5.10
	HH	2.90	155.86	142.65	13.21	24.61	17.60	7.02	3.65^b	6.10
SEM		0.10	1.36	1.36	0.43	0.70	0.74	0.25	0.01	0.16
主效应Main effects
代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) ME
13.46		3.20	156.96	141.02	15.95^a	25.25	17.48	7.78^a	3.72	5.87
13.72		3.07	156.99	144.42	12.57^b	24.83	18.44	6.40^b	3.68	5.70
标准回肠可消化赖氨酸/% SID Lys
0.65		3.15	157.93	143.76	14.17	24.38	17.45	7.09	3.68	5.90
0.85		3.20	157.53	143.43	14.09	25.61	18.90	6.71	3.74	5.40
1.05		3.05	155.48	140.96	14.52	25.14	17.52	7.47	3.69	6.05
P值P-value
代谢能ME		0.518	0.993	0.227	< 0.001	0.772	0.534	0.005	0.093	0.597
标准回肠可消化赖氨酸SID Lys		0.831	0.748	0.670	0.888	0.832	0.624	0.424	0.104	0.217
代谢能标准回肠可消化赖氨酸MESID Lys		0.710	0.643	0.888	0.210	0.896	0.999	0.402	0.025	0.618

项目Item		窝产仔数/头 Litter zize at born	断奶活仔数/头 Litter size at weaning	哺乳期成活率/% Survival rate	仔猪平均日增重/kg ADG
组别 Group	LL	12.60	10.00	79.60	0.18
	LM	12.40	11.00	88.85	0.19
	LH	13.00	11.10	86.01	0.19
	HL	12.70	10.80	85.16	0.18
	HM	13.00	12.00	92.69	0.20
	HH	12.30	11.10	90.49	0.19
SEM		0.16	0.14	0.92	0.00
主效应Main effects
代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) ME
13.46		12.67	10.70^b	84.82^b	0.18^b
13.72		12.67	11.30^a	89.45^a	0.19^a
标准回肠可消化赖氨酸/% SID Lys
0.65		12.65	10.40^b	82.38^b	0.18^b
0.85		12.70	11.50^a	90.77^a	0.19^a
1.05		12.65	11.10^a	88.25^a	0.19^ab
P值P-value
代谢能ME		1.000	0.014	0.004	0.037
标准回肠可消化赖氨酸SID Lys		0.990	0.001	< 0.001	0.018
代谢能标准回肠可消化赖氨酸MESID Lys		0.272	0.199	0.898	0.700

项目Item		干物质DM	粗蛋白CP	粗脂肪EE	粗灰分Ash	总能GE	钙Ca	磷P
组别Group	LL	76.57^d	78.15	77.82	35.52	78.46	49.91	42.52
	LM	76.97^d	80.97	79.09	38.84	79.99	50.77	43.56
	LH	77.02^d	81.21	79.26	36.68	78.77	51.24	42.61
	HL	80.25^a	81.21	81.10	37.14	81.46	54.57	44.65
	HM	79.24^b	82.48	80.41	37.88	80.75	54.54	42.47
	HH	78.35^c	81.94	79.33	36.35	80.60	55.36	41.75
SEM		0.21	0.36	0.37	0.44	0.23	1.32	1.09
主效应Main effects
代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) ME
13.46		76.85^b	80.11^b	78.72^b	37.02	79.07^b	50.64	42.90
13.72		79.28^a	81.88^a	80.28^a	37.13	80.94^a	54.82	42.96
标准回肠可消化赖氨酸/% SID Lys
0.65		78.41	79.68^b	79.46	36.33	79.96	52.24	43.58
0.85		78.10	81.73^a	79.75	38.36	80.37	52.65	43.02
1.05		77.69	81.58^a	79.30	36.52	79.69	53.30	42.18
P值P-value
代谢能ME		< 0.001	0.010	0.038	0.901	< 0.001	0.127	0.979
标准回肠可消化赖氨酸SID Lys		0.077	0.025	0.876	0.121	0.331	0.949	0.879
代谢能标准回肠可消化赖氨酸MESID Lys		0.002	0.351	0.205	0.462	0.061	0.991	0.812