母猪子宫内热应激的生物学效应及遗传机制分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球气候变暖导致气温逐渐升高，增加了猪对热应激的敏感性，进一步加剧了热应激带来的挑战。妊娠期环境对母猪及后代健康和发育至关重要。目前相关研究已逐渐关注到宫内热应激对猪生产性能的生物学效应，并开始阐明其遗传机制。母猪在高温下排汗功能不全、体温调节困难，并且妊娠期代谢需求增加，更易于发生热应激。宫内热应激条件下的妊娠母猪还会增加胎儿发育风险，并通过子宫内环境影响其后代，进而影响仔猪胚胎存活率、出生重等重要生产性能经济指标，造成经济损失。因此，本文聚焦于猪宫内热应激对母猪产后表型、生产性能、遗传及生殖等方面的影响，探讨其生理和遗传机制，以期为猪热应激的研究及耐热新品种的培育提供参考。

关键词: 宫内热应激, 生产性能, 生理, 遗传机制, 母猪

Abstract:

The escalating global temperatures attributed to climate change have markedly amplified porcine susceptibility to heat stress, intensifying related agricultural challenges. The prenatal milieu constitutes a critical determinant for both sow health and offspring developmental trajectories. Contemporary investigations have prioritized delineating the biological consequences of in-utero thermal stress on porcine performance metrics, concurrently elucidating emerging genetic regulatory frameworks. Porcine thermoregulatory constraints manifest through restricted eccrine sweating capacity and elevated gestational metabolic requirements, culminating in exacerbated heat stress vulnerability. Such intrauterine thermal adversity in gravid sows jeopardizes fetal morphogenesis through uterine microenvironmental alterations, adversely affecting vital economic parameters including conceptus viability indices and neonatal anthropometrics, consequently precipitating substantial financial ramifications for international livestock production systems. This comprehensive analysis systematically evaluates the multigenerational impacts of prenatal heat stress on porcine postpartum characteristics, production efficiency, genetic expression patterns, and reproductive outcomes, while deciphering associated pathophysiological and epigenetic mechanisms. The synthesis ultimately seeks to establish an empirical foundation for advanced thermoregulatory intervention protocols and precision breeding initiatives targeting optimized porcine thermal tolerance.

Key words: in-utero heat stress, production performance, physiology, genetic mechanism, sows

中图分类号:

S828.3

罗嘉, 蒲强, 柴捷, 陈力, 王金勇. 母猪子宫内热应激的生物学效应及遗传机制分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(5): 2004-2014.

LUO Jia, PU Qiang, CHAI Jie, CHEN Li, WANG Jinyong. Biological Effects and Genetic Mechanisms of Intrauterine Heat Stress in Swine[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(5): 2004-2014.

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