饲粮净能和赖氨酸水平对荣昌母猪妊娠后期繁殖性能、血清激素、泌乳性能及粪便菌群多样性的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.06.024

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 2801-2815.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.06.024

饲粮净能和赖氨酸水平对荣昌母猪妊娠后期繁殖性能、血清激素、泌乳性能及粪便菌群多样性的影响

陈志华¹^,²(), 王琪²^,³, 张进¹, 杨连弟¹, 杨天庆¹^,², 王敬²^,³, 龙定彪²^,³, 黄金秀²^,³^,*(), 黄文明¹^,*()

1. 西南大学动物科学技术学院，重庆 402460
2. 重庆市畜牧科学院，重庆 402460
3. 生猪技术创新中心(重庆)，重庆 402460

收稿日期:2024-12-09 出版日期:2025-06-23 发布日期:2025-06-25
通讯作者: 黄金秀,黄文明 E-mail:332235761@qq.com;short00@163.com;hwmyy@126.com
作者简介:陈志华(1999-)，男，新疆拜城人，硕士生，主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究，E-mail: 332235761@qq.com
基金资助:
国家生猪技术创新中心先导项目(NCTIP-XD/B04)；重庆市现代化农业产业技术体系(CQMAITS202312)

Effects of Dietary Net Energy and Lysine Levels on Reproductive Performance, Serum Hormone, Lactation Performance and Fecal Flora Diversity of Rongchang Sows in Late Pregnancy

CHEN Zhihua¹^,²(), WANG Qi²^,³, ZHANG Jin¹, YANG Liandi¹, YANG Tianqing¹^,², WANG Jing²^,³, LONG Dingbiao²^,³, HUANG Jinxiu²^,³^,*(), HUANG Wenming¹^,*()

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing 402460, China
2. Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
3. Center of Technology Innovation for Pig (Chongqing), Chongqing 402460, China

Received:2024-12-09 Online:2025-06-23 Published:2025-06-25
Contact: HUANG Jinxiu, HUANG Wenming E-mail:332235761@qq.com;short00@163.com;hwmyy@126.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究饲粮不同净能水平和标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平对荣昌母猪妊娠后期繁殖性能、血清激素、泌乳性能和粪便菌群多样性的影响。试验选取72头2~4胎次荣昌母猪，随机分为9组，每组8个重复，每个重复1头母猪。采用2因素3水平试验设计，饲粮净能(NE)水平分别为8.75、9.48、10.04 MJ·kg^－1，标准回肠可消化赖氨酸(SID Lys)水平分别为0.52%、0.62%、0.72%。试验从母猪妊娠第84天开始至分娩结束。结果表明：饲粮NE水平对妊娠母猪背膘变化、发情间隔及仔猪初生个体重影响显著(P < 0.05)，10.04 MJ·kg^－1 NE组和9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE组母猪背膘厚变化和仔猪初生个体重显著高于8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE组，发情间隔显著低于8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE组(P < 0.05)；饲粮NE水平和SID Lys水平分别为10.04 MJ·kg^－1和0.52%时，母猪窝产活仔数和仔猪初生窝重最高。饲粮NE水平对母猪血清激素水平影响显著(P < 0.05)，10.04 MJ·kg^－1 NE组胰岛素、促卵泡素和促黄体素含量显著高于8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE组，类胰岛素生长因子-I含量显著高于9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE组(P < 0.05)。饲粮NE水平对初乳成分影响显著(P < 0.05)，10.04 MJ·kg^－1 NE组乳糖含量显著高于8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE组(P < 0.05)，8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE组乳蛋白和干物质含量显著高于9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE组(P < 0.05)。饲粮NE水平对母猪粪便菌群相对丰度有显著影响(P < 0.05)，10.04 MJ·kg^－1 NE组厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度显著高于8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE组和9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE组，乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)相对丰度显著高于8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE组(P < 0.05)，链球菌属(Streptococcus)相对丰度显著低于8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE组和9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE组(P < 0.05)。相关性分析发现，Lactobacillus相对丰度与母猪血清中胰岛素含量呈正相关，unclassified_p_251_o5相对丰度与胰岛素、促黄体素含量呈负相关(P < 0.05)。此外，饲粮SID Lys水平对妊娠母猪各项指标均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述，饲粮NE水平对妊娠后期母猪繁殖性能、血清激素水平、初乳成分及粪便菌群组成的影响均大于SID Lys水平的影响；饲粮NE水平为10.04 MJ·kg^－1、SID Lys水平为0.52%时，荣昌母猪窝产活仔数最高。

关键词: 荣昌母猪, 能量, 赖氨酸, 繁殖性能, 血清激素, 泌乳性能, 粪便菌群

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary net energy (NE) and standard ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) levels on reproductive performance, serum hormone, lactation performance and fecal flora diversity of Rongchang sows in late pregnancy. Seventy-two Rongchang sows (2 to 4 parities) were randomly divided into 9 groups of 8 replicates with 1 pig in each replicate. A 3×3 two-factor design was used, dietary NE levels were 8.75, 9.48 and 10.04 MJ·kg^－1, and dietary SID Lys levels were 0.52%, 0.62% and 0.72%. The experiment started at the 84^th day of gestation and finished after farrowing. The results showed as follows: Dietary NE level had significant effects on the changes of backfat thickness, estrus interval of sow and birth weight of piglets (P < 0.05). The changes of backfat thickness of sows and birth weight of piglets in 10.04 and 9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE groups were significantly higher than those in 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE group, and the estrus interval was significantly lower than that in 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE group (P < 0.05). When the dietary NE level and SID Lys level were 10.04 MJ·kg^－1 and 0.52%, the number of live litters born and birth litter weight of piglets were the highest. Dietary NE level had significant effects on serum hormone of pregnant sows (P < 0.05). The contents of serum insulin, follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) and luteinizing hormone(LH) in 10.04 MJ·kg^－1 NE group were significantly higher than those in 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE group, and the insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I) content was significantly higher than that in 9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE group (P < 0.05). Dietary NE level significantly influenced the composition of colostrum (P < 0.05). Lactose content in 10.04 MJ·kg^－1 NE group was significantly higher than that in 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE group (P < 0.05), and the levels of milk protein and dry matter in 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE group were significantly higher than those in 9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE group (P < 0.05). Dietary NE level significantly affected the relative abundance of fecal flora in sows (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes in 10.04 MJ·kg^－1 NE group was significantly higher than that in 8.75 and 9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE groups, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in 10.04 MJ·kg^－1 NE group was significantly higher than that in 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE group (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Streptococcus was significantly lower than that of 8.75 MJ·kg^－1 NE and 9.48 MJ·kg^－1 NE groups (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was positively correlated with the content of serum Insulin in sows, and the relative abundance of unclassified_p_251_o5 was negatively correlated with the contents of Insulin and LH (P < 0.05). Dietary SID Lys level had no significant effects on all indexes of pregnant sows (P>0.05). In conclusion, the effects of dietary NE level on reproductive performance, serum hormone, colostrum composition and fecal microflora of sows are greater than those of SID Lys level. When the dietary NE level was 10.04 MJ·kg^－1 and SID Lys level was 0.52%, resulting in the largest number of live litters of Rongchang sows.

Key words: Rongchang sow, energy, lysine, reproductive performance, serum hormone, lactation performance, fecal flora

中图分类号:

S828.5

陈志华, 王琪, 张进, 杨连弟, 杨天庆, 王敬, 龙定彪, 黄金秀, 黄文明. 饲粮净能和赖氨酸水平对荣昌母猪妊娠后期繁殖性能、血清激素、泌乳性能及粪便菌群多样性的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(6): 2801-2815.

CHEN Zhihua, WANG Qi, ZHANG Jin, YANG Liandi, YANG Tianqing, WANG Jing, LONG Dingbiao, HUANG Jinxiu, HUANG Wenming. Effects of Dietary Net Energy and Lysine Levels on Reproductive Performance, Serum Hormone, Lactation Performance and Fecal Flora Diversity of Rongchang Sows in Late Pregnancy[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(6): 2801-2815.

图/表 10

表 1

饲粮组成及营养水平(风干基础)"

项目 Ingredient	组别 Group	1组 Group1	2组 Group2	3组 Group3	4组 Group4	5组 Group5	6组 Group6	7组 Group7	8组 Group8	9组 Group9
	净能/(MJ·kg^－1) NE	8.75	8.75	8.75	9.48	9.48	9.48	10.04	10.04	10.04
	标准回肠可消化赖氨酸/% SID Lys	0.52	0.62	0.72	0.52	0.62	0.72	0.52	0.62	0.72
玉米 Corn		50.89	50.79	50.82	52.96	60.16	53.18	63.66	62.02	60.70
豆粕 Soybean meal		10.48	9.88	9.32	12.50	12.90	11.42	15.26	11.16	9.70
麦麸 Wheat bran		34.72	35.05	35.29	28.17	21.71	28.58	14.82	18.80	20.81
金枪鱼粉 Tuna powder		0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.15	0.00	0.05	2.03	2.43
大豆油 Soybean oil		0.00	0.12	0.25	2.37	1.00	2.51	2.20	2.50	2.85
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lysine·HCl		0.03	0.18	0.32	0.01	0.14	0.29	0.00	0.12	0.27
DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Methionine		0.01	0.01	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00
L-苏氨酸 L-Threonine		0.10	0.11	0.12	0.09	0.08	0.10	0.06	0.07	0.09
L-色氨酸 L-Tryptophan		0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01
石粉 Limestone		1.15	1.15	1.15	1.10	1.06	1.10	1.03	0.87	0.86
磷酸氢钙 Dicalcium phosphate		1.30	1.30	1.30	1.40	1.40	1.40	1.52	1.02	0.88
氯化钠 Salt		0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40	0.40
预混料 Premix¹		1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00	1.00
合计 Total		100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平 Nutrient levels²
净能/(MJ·kg^－1) Net energy		8.75	8.75	8.75	9.48	9.48	9.48	10.04	10.04	10.04
粗蛋白质 Crude protein		14.01	14.04	14.02	14.00	14.03	13.99	14.05	14.07	14.02
钙 Calcium		0.83	0.83	0.82	0.82	0.84	0.85	0.83	0.83	0.84
总磷 Total phosphorus		0.70	0.68	0.68	0.69	0.70	0.69	0.68	0.71	0.71
赖氨酸 Lysine		0.65	0.73	0.80	0.66	0.73	0.80	0.64	0.74	0.80
标准回肠可消化赖氨酸 SID Lys		0.52	0.62	0.72	0.52	0.62	0.72	0.52	0.62	0.72
标准回肠可消化蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 SID Met+Cys		0.37	0.37	0.37	0.36	0.36	0.37	0.36	0.37	0.37
标准回肠可消化苏氨酸 SID Thr		0.45	0.45	0.46	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.45	0.46
标准回肠可消化色氨酸 SID Trp		0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.12

表 1

表 2

表 3

表 4

表 5

图 1

图 2

图 3

图 4

图 5

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组别 Group	净能/(MJ·kg^－1) NE	赖氨酸/% SID Lys	背膘厚变化/mm Changes in back fat thickness	发情间隔/d Estrus interval	窝总产仔数/头 Total litter size	窝产活仔数/头 Number of live litter born	健仔率/% Healthy offspring rate	初生个体重/kg Birth weight	初生窝重/kg Birth litter weight
1	8.75	0.52	1.75^b	5.50^a	9.50^b	9.33^b	86.62	1.00^bc	9.02^ab
2	8.75	0.62	2.38^ab	5.00^ab	11.33^a	11.17^a	82.26	0.97^c	10.76^ab
3	8.75	0.72	3.38^ab	4.71^ab	9.71^ab	9.57^ab	86.93	1.07^abc	10.45^ab
4	9.48	0.52	3.75^ab	4.43^b	9.43^b	8.86^b	84.60	1.17^a	8.81^b
5	9.48	0.62	4.50^ab	4.17^b	10.00^ab	9.67^ab	83.87	1.05^abc	9.83^ab
6	9.48	0.72	3.00^ab	4.71^ab	10.71^ab	10.14^ab	92.61	1.09^abc	10.93^a
7	10.04	0.52	4.50^ab	4.71^ab	11.71^a	11.57^a	85.89	1.03^abc	11.92^a
8	10.04	0.62	4.38^ab	4.63^b	10.25^ab	10.13^ab	88.34	1.12^ab	11.06^a
9	10.04	0.72	5.25^a	4.60^b	10.40^ab	10.40^ab	90.22	1.10^abc	9.67^ab
集合标准误 SEM			0.90	0.30	0.68	0.65	7.27	0.05	0.72
净能/(MJ·kg^－1)		8.75	2.50^b	5.07^a	10.18	10.02	85.27	1.01^b	10.07
NE		9.48	3.75^a	4.44^b	10.05	9.56	87.03	1.10^a	9.86
		10.04	4.71^a	4.65^b	10.79	10.70	88.15	1.09^a	10.88
赖氨酸/%		0.52	3.33	4.88	10.21	9.92	85.07	1.07	9.91
SID Lys		0.62	3.75	4.60	10.53	10.32	84.82	1.05	10.55
		0.72	3.88	4.68	10.28	10.04	89.92	1.09	10.35
P值	净能水平 NE level		0.014	0.026	0.569	0.193	0.811	0.039	0.338
P-value	赖氨酸水平 SID Lys level		0.742	0.361	0.486	0.366	0.487	0.567	0.351
	净能×赖氨酸水平 NE×SID Lys level		0.558	0.482	0.046	0.026	0.920	0.168	0.063

组别 Group	净能/(MJ·kg^－1) NE	赖氨酸/% SID Lys	雌二醇/(pg·mL^－1) E2	孕酮/(ng·mL^－1) P	胰岛素/(μIU·mL^－1) INS	类胰岛素生长因子-I/(ng·mL^－1) IGF-I	促卵泡素/(mIU·mL^－1) FSH	促黄体素/(mIU·mL^－1) LH
1	8.75	0.52	56.40	14.12	15.17^b	190.97^ab	2.59^def	5.03^cd
2	8.75	0.62	52.52	15.10	14.70^b	195.97^ab	2.47^ef	4.88^cd
3	8.75	0.72	53.81	11.80	14.95^b	201.57^a	2.28^f	4.71^d
4	9.48	0.52	53.58	15.40	15.67^b	165.63^de	3.42^ab	6.24^ab
5	9.48	0.62	53.32	11.39	18.02^a	160.70^f	3.59^a	6.83^a
6	9.48	0.72	53.81	15.34	15.01^b	177.49^cd	3.01^bcd	5.60^bc
7	10.04	0.52	52.75	17.57	17.88^a	185.38^bc	2.87^cde	5.27^bcd
8	10.04	0.62	52.05	12.75	15.38^b	175.84^cd	3.18^abc	5.72^bc
9	10.04	0.72	52.66	13.88	18.17^a	167.15^de	3.46^ab	5.85^bc
集合标准误 SEM			1.01	1.78	0.75	4.48	0.17	0.31
净能/(MJ·kg^－1)		8.75	54.25	14.04	14.94^b	196.17^a	2.45^b	4.87^c
NE		9.48	53.57	13.67	16.23^a	167.94^c	3.34^a	6.22^a
		10.04	52.49	14.73	17.14^a	176.12^b	3.17^a	5.61^b
赖氨酸/%		0.52	54.24	16.02	16.24	180.66	2.96	5.51
SID Lys		0.62	52.63	12.75	16.03	177.50	3.08	5.81
		0.72	53.43	13.67	16.04	182.07	2.92	5.38
P值	净能水平 NE level		0.108	0.696	0.003	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
P-value	赖氨酸水平 SID Lys level		0.157	0.062	0.928	0.449	0.496	0.233
	净能×赖氨酸水平 NE×SID Lys level		0.388	0.214	0.005	0.006	0.029	0.134

组别 Group	净能/(MJ·kg^－1) NE	赖氨酸/% SID Lys	泌乳量/kg Milk yield	脂肪/% Fat	蛋白/% Protein	真蛋白/% True protein	乳糖/% Lactose	干物质/% Dry matter	尿素氮/(mg·dL^－1) Urea nitrogen
1	8.75	0.52	132.49	5.01^b	17.69^ab	90.31	2.97^ab	30.50	63.02^b
2	8.75	0.62	140.80	6.28^ab	19.94^a	99.65	2.68^b	33.89	68.95^b
3	8.75	0.72	128.89	6.51^ab	17.24^ab	85.99	3.04^a	31.57	72.67^ab
4	9.48	0.52	130.20	6.40^ab	16.99^ab	86.84	2.92^ab	31.16	67.28^b
5	9.48	0.62	142.09	5.46^ab	14.54^b	73.15	3.47^a	28.03	59.65^b
6	9.48	0.72	129.39	5.99^ab	14.67^b	77.13	3.17^ab	28.60	63.44^b
7	10.04	0.52	132.49	5.81^ab	16.27^b	83.34	3.36^a	30.14	70.62^ab
8	10.04	0.62	141.13	6.15^ab	17.02^ab	85.16	3.01^ab	30.87	73.54^ab
9	10.04	0.72	125.24	7.39^a	16.75^b	80.13	3.28^a	31.74	84.64^a
集合标准误 SEM			6.08	0.59	1.34	5.55	0.16	1.19	3.39
净能/(MJ·kg^－1)		8.75	134.06	5.93	18.29^a	91.98	2.90^b	31.99^a	68.21
NE		9.48	133.89	5.95	15.40^b	79.04	3.18^ab	29.26^b	63.46
		10.04	132.96	6.45	16.68^ab	82.88	3.22^a	30.92^ab	76.27
赖氨酸/%		0.52	131.73	5.74	16.98	86.83	3.09	30.60	66.97
SID Lys		0.62	141.34	5.96	17.17	85.98	3.05	30.93	67.38
		0.72	127.84	6.63	16.22	81.09	3.16	30.64	73.58
P值	净能水平 NE level		0.990	0.521	0.019	0.059	0.048	0.038	0.055
P-value	赖氨酸水平 SID Lys level		0.268	0.195	0.606	0.528	0.730	0.940	0.051
	净能×赖氨酸水平 NE×SID Lys level		0.998	0.314	0.339	0.528	0.100	0.105	0.101

组别 Group	净能/(MJ·kg^－1) NE	赖氨酸/% SID Lys	Ace指数 Ace index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Shannon指数 Shannon index
1	8.75	0.52	1 145.06	1 137.05	0.98	7.48
2	8.75	0.62	1 234.26	1 225.78	0.98	7.42
3	8.75	0.72	1 177.48	1 168.52	0.98	7.60
4	9.48	0.52	1 141.26	1 132.62	0.98	7.45
5	9.48	0.62	1 113.13	1 105.47	0.98	7.34
6	9.48	0.72	1 156.97	1 147.93	0.97	7.33
7	10.04	0.52	1 046.43	1 034.37	0.98	7.57
8	10.04	0.62	1 113.38	1 104.78	0.98	7.43
9	10.04	0.72	1 018.98	1 010.14	0.96	7.08
集合标准误 SEM			61.77	61.65	0.01	0.15
净能/(MJ·kg^－1)		8.75	1 185.60	1 177.12	0.98	7.50
NE		9.48	1 137.12	1 128.67	0.98	7.37
		10.04	1 059.60	1 049.76	0.97	7.36
赖氨酸/%		0.52	1 110.92	1 101.35	0.98	7.50
SID Lys		0.62	1 153.59	1 145.34	0.98	7.40
		0.72	1 117.81	1 108.86	0.97	7.33
P值	净能水平NE level		0.062	0.058	0.288	0.498
P-value	赖氨酸水平SID Lys level		0.688	0.673	0.209	0.460
	净能×赖氨酸水平NE×SID Lys level		0.812	0.817	0.384	0.353

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饲粮净能和赖氨酸水平对荣昌母猪妊娠后期繁殖性能、血清激素、泌乳性能及粪便菌群多样性的影响

Effects of Dietary Net Energy and Lysine Levels on Reproductive Performance, Serum Hormone, Lactation Performance and Fecal Flora Diversity of Rongchang Sows in Late Pregnancy

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