乳酸菌对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、消化功能和养分利用率的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.07.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究乳酸菌(lactic acid bacteria, LAB)对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、消化功能和养分利用率的影响。选取480只1日龄(31.95±0.56)g雄性黄羽肉仔鸡，随机分为3组，每组8个重复，每个重复20只鸡，试验期为70 d，分为前期(1~35 d)和后期(36~70 d)两个阶段。对照组肉鸡饲喂基础饲粮(CON组)，试验组(LAB1、LAB2组)肉鸡饲喂分别在基础饲粮中添加500、1 000 mg ·kg^－1乳酸菌(活菌数1×10⁸ CFU ·g^－1)的试验饲粮。结果表明：LAB1和LAB2组肉鸡35 d肌胃和胰腺指数、70 d的胰腺指数、33~35 d和68~70 d有机物表观代谢率以及68~70 d粗蛋白质表观代谢率均高于CON组，35 d肉鸡血清尿素氮含量均低于CON组(P < 0.05)；LAB2组的肉鸡末重、日增重和日采食量均高于CON组，68~70 d粗蛋白质表观代谢率高于CON组和LAB1组(P < 0.05)。LAB1和LAB2组肉鸡的胰腺35 d脂肪酶、空肠35 d淀粉酶、脂肪酶活性和空肠70 d胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性、胰腺35和70 d胰蛋白酶基因表达量以及70 d淀粉酶基因表达量均高于CON组；LAB1组肉鸡的35 d空肠胰蛋白酶活性高于CON组和LAB2组，LAB2组的胰腺70 d胰蛋白酶活性和空肠70 d淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶活性高于CON组和LAB1组(P < 0.05)。综上所述，饲粮中添加乳酸菌可上调胰腺消化酶基因表达量，增加胰腺和空肠食糜消化酶活性，降低血清尿素氮含量，提高肉鸡有机物和粗蛋白质表观代谢率，改善肉鸡消化器官发育和生长性能，在本试验条件下，1 000 mg ·kg^－1乳酸菌添加剂量效果更佳。

关键词: 乳酸菌, 黄羽肉鸡, 生长性能, 表观代谢率, 消化酶活性

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the growth performance, digestive function, and nutrient utilization of yellow-feathered chickens. A total of 480 male yellow-feathered broiler chickens with an initial body weight of (31.95±0.56)g were randomly divided into 3 groups, with 8 replicates per group and 20 chickens per replicate. The experiment lasted for 70 days, which was divided into an early phase (1-35 days) and a late phase (36-70 days). The broiler chickens in the control group (CON) were fed a basal diet, while the experimental groups (LAB1 and LAB2) were fed diets supplemented with 500 mg ·kg^－1 or 1 000 mg ·kg^－1 of LAB (with a live bacteria count of 1×10⁸ CFU ·g^－1), respectively. The results showed that broiler chickens in the LAB1 and LAB2 groups had higher gizzard and pancreas indices at 35 days of age, higher pancreas indices at 70 days of age, higher apparent metabolic rates of organic matter at 33-35 and 68-77 days of age and crude protein at 68-70 days of age, and lower serum urea nitrogen content at 35 days of age compared to those in CON group (P < 0.05). The broiler chickens in the LAB2 group exhibited significantly higher final body weight, average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, and apparent metabolic rate of crude protein at 68-70 days of age than those of both the CON and LAB1 groups (P < 0.05).The LAB1 and LAB2 groups showed higher lipase activity in the pancreas at 35 days of age, higher amylase and lipase activities in the jejunal chyme at 35 days of age, higher trypsin, amylase, and lipase activities in the jejunal chyme at 70 days of age, and higher expression of Trypsin genes at 35 and 70 days as well as Amylase genes at 70 days in the pancreas compared to the CON group. The LAB1 group had higher trypsin activity in the jejunal chyme at 35 days of age than the CON and LAB2 groups, and the LAB2 group had higher trypsin activity at 70 days of age in the pancreas and higher amylase and trypsin activities in the jejunal chyme at 70 days of age compared to the CON and LAB1 groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with LAB upregulated the expression of digestive enzyme genes, increased the activity of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and jejunal chyme, reduced serum urea nitrogen content, improved the apparent metabolic rates of organic matter and crude protein, enhanced digestive organ development, and improved the growth performance in broiler chickens. The effects were more pronounced with the 1 000 mg ·kg^－1 LAB supplementation under the condition of the current experiment.

Key words: lactic acid bacteria, yellow-feathered broiler, growth performance, nutrient apparent metabolic rate, digestive enzyme activity

中图分类号:

S831.5

孙淑佳, 郑嘉祺, 卢姝婉, 刘金松, 姚春雷, 杨彩梅, 许英蕾, 张瑞强. 乳酸菌对黄羽肉鸡生长性能、消化功能和养分利用率的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(7): 3335-3343.

SUN Shujia, ZHENG Jiaqi, LU Shuwan, LIU Jinsong, YAO Chunlei, YANG Caimei, XU Yinglei, ZHANG Ruiqiang. Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria on Growth Performance, Digestive Function and Nutrient Utilization of Yellow-feathered Broilers[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(7): 3335-3343.

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项目 Item	日龄 Age
项目 Item	1~35 d	36~70 d
原料 Ingredient
玉米 Corn	55.00	55.00
豆粕 Soybean meal	23.40	16.00
膨化大豆 Extruded soybean	5.00	3.00
豆油 Soybean oil	2.60	3.50
石粉 Limestone	3.10	3.40
发酵豆粕 Fermented soybean meal	2.60	0.00
玉米酒糟 Corn distiller’s grains	5.00	5.00
米糠 Rice bran	0.00	9.00
玉米麸 Corn gluten	0.00	2.00
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄·2H₂O	2.00	1.80
氯化钠 NaCl	0.30	0.30
预混料 Premix¹	1.00	1.00
合计 Total	100.00	100.00
营养水平² Nutrient level
代谢能/(MJ·kg^－1) ME	12.20	12.92
粗蛋白质 CP	20.20	17.10
赖氨酸 Lys	1.20	1.06
蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸 Met+Cys	0.90	0.87
钙 Ca	0.86	0.74
总磷 TP	0.60	0.58
非植酸磷 NPP	0.50	0.38

基因名称 Name of gene	引物序列 Primer sequence	扩增大小/bp Amplicon size
β-肌动蛋白 β-actin	F：AGCGAGCAGACCATTAGTTC R：GGAGAGTACAGGGGCATTC	253
胰蛋白酶 Trypsin	F：AAGTGGAATGGAGAGAAGATG R：CCAGAAAGTAAGAATGGAAGC	147
淀粉酶 Amylase	F：CCCTGCCCAACCTTATTT R：GCATTTCCACTCCTCCGT	176
脂肪酶 Lipase	F：ACCGCAAATGCTTCTAAAC R：CCAATCTCGTCTTGTTTTATG	93

项目 Item	组别 Group			SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	CON	LAB1	LAB2	SEM	P值 P-value
初重/g Initial weight	31.39	32.09	32.51	0.24	0.265
末重/g Final weight	1 501.26^b	1 565.30^ab	1 626.38^a	19.21	0.021
平均日增重/(g·d^－1) ADG	21.00^b	21.90^ab	22.77^a	0.27	0.022
平均日采食/(g·d^－1) ADFI	58.43^b	60.90^ab	63.88^a	0.83	0.019
料重比 F/G	2.78	2.78	2.81	0.19	0.854

项目 Item	组别 Group			SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	CON	LAB1	LAB2	SEM	P值 P-value
肌胃指数 Gizzard index
35 d	20.92^b	23.41^a	24.67^a	0.53	0.008
70 d	22.04	23.23	22.10	0.26	0.113
腺胃指数 Proventriculus index
35 d	4.72	4.68	4.95	0.14	0.709
70 d	2.09	2.20	2.28	0.51	0.335
胰腺指数 Pancreas index
35 d	2.85^b	3.29^a	3.49^a	0.10	0.018
70 d	1.98^b	2.20^a	2.17^a	0.33	0.010

项目 Item	组别 Group			SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	CON	LAB1	LAB2	SEM	P值 P-value
甘油三酯 Triglyceride
35 d	2.60	2.52	2.52	0.04	0.669
70 d	4.64	4.67	4.69	0.05	0.933
尿素氮Urea nitrogen
35 d	7.15^a	6.91^b	6.87^b	0.05	0.038
70 d	18.11	18.38	18.05	0.15	0.656
葡萄糖 Glucose
35 d	63.20	61.06	61.54	0.68	0.419
70 d	54.19	53.63	51.25	1.06	0.507
总胆固醇 Total cholesterol
35 d	4.93	4.78	4.95	0.06	0.388
70 d	5.68	5.73	5.57	0.04	0.292