厚朴酚固体分散体对犊牛生长性能、血清抗氧化能力和肠道微生物的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.02.042

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究厚朴酚固体分散体对犊牛生长性能、血清抗氧化能力和肠道微生物的影响。本研究利用反溶剂共沉淀法，以醋酸羟丙基甲基纤维素琥珀酸酯(HPMCAS-LF)为载体，厚朴酚和载体的比例为2∶8，制备厚朴酚固体分散体；试验选用体况相近的健康30日龄荷斯坦犊牛15头，随机分为3组，每组设5个重复，其中对照组(CON组)饲喂巴氏杀菌乳，试验组(MAG组、ASD组)分别饲喂添加150 mg·d^-1厚朴酚(MAG)和750 mg·d^-1厚朴酚固体分散体(ASD)的巴氏杀菌乳，分别在试验第0、30天测定犊牛体重，计算平均日增重；在试验第30天，收集直肠粪便检测肠道微生物，颈静脉采血并分离血清，ELISA法测定抗氧化能力。结果显示，成功制备了厚朴酚固体分散体，且厚朴酚以无定形态分散于载体中；厚朴酚固体分散体可显著提高犊牛末重和平均日增重(P < 0.05)，显著降低MDA含量(P < 0.05)，显著提高SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性和T-AOC(P < 0.05)，显著提高厚壁菌门和放线菌门相对丰度(P < 0.05)，显著降低变形菌门相对丰度(P < 0.05)，显著提高Chaol指数、Observed_otus(观测特征数)、Shannon指数和Simpson指数(P < 0.05)，且作用优于厚朴酚原料药。综上，给犊牛添加750 mg·d^-1厚朴酚固体分散体能够提高犊牛生长性能，增强血清抗氧化能力，提高有益菌丰度，降低有害菌丰度，增加肠道菌群多样性，改善犊牛肠道菌群的组成。

关键词: 厚朴酚固体分散体, 犊牛, 生长性能, 血清抗氧化能力, 肠道微生物

Abstract:

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of magnolol solid dispersion on growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity and gut microorganism of calves. Using the antisolvent co-precipitation method, a solid dispersion of magnolol was prepared using hydroxypropyl acetate methylcellulose succinate as the carrier, with a ratio of 2∶8 between magnolol and the carrier. Fifteen healthy 30 day old Holstein calves with similar physical conditions were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates in each group. The control group (CON group) was fed pasteurized milk, while the experimental group (MAG group, ASD group) was fed pasteurized milk with 150 mg·d^-1 magnolol and 750 mg·d^-1 solid dispersion of magnolol. The weight of the calves was measured on day 0 and 30 of the experiment, and the average daily weight gain was calculated. On the 30th day of the experiment, rectal feces were collected to detect gut microorganism, jugular vein blood was collected and serum was separated, and antioxidant capacity was measured using ELISA. The characterization results showed that the solid dispersion of magnolol was successfully prepared, and magnolol was dispersed in an amorphous form in the carrier. The pharmacodynamic results showed that magnolol solid dispersion significantly increased final weight and average daily gain of calves (P < 0.05), significantly decreased MDA content (P < 0.05), and significantly increased SOD activity, GSH-Px activity, CAT activity and T-AOC (P < 0.05), significantly increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Actinomycetes (P < 0.05), significantly decreased the relative abundances of Proteobacteria (P < 0.05), and significantly increased the Chaol index, Observed_otus (observed feature number), Shannon index and Simpson index (P < 0.05). The effect of magnold ASD was better than magnolol raw material. The results showed that the supplementation of magnolol solid dispersion at 750 mg·d^-1 could improve the growth performance of calves, enhance serum antioxidant capacity, increase the abundance of beneficial bacteria, reduce the abundance of harmful bacteria, increase the diversity of gut microorganism and improve the composition of gut microorganism.

Key words: magnolol solid dispersion, calf, growth performance, serum antioxidant capacity, gut microorganism

中图分类号:

S853.732

张雨, 王琪茹, 师鑫潮, 郭子明, 何欣, 张铁, 赵兴华. 厚朴酚固体分散体对犊牛生长性能、血清抗氧化能力和肠道微生物的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(2): 943-952.

ZHANG Yu, WANG Qiru, SHI Xinchao, GUO Ziming, HE Xin, ZHANG Tie, ZHAO Xinghua. Effects of Magnolol Solid Dispersion on Growth Performance, Serum Antioxidant Capacity and Intestinal Microbiome of Calves[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(2): 943-952.

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项目 Items	组别Group
项目 Items	CON	MAG	ASD
初重Initial weight	54.14±1.78	56.36±2.69	55.48±2.25
末重Final weight	62.96±1.94^b	65.76±3.01^ab	68.50±3.46^a
平均日增重ADG	0.29±0.04^b	0.31±0.03^b	0.43±0.08^a

项目 Items	组别Group
项目 Items	CON	MAG	ASD
丙二醛/(nmol·mL^-1)MDA	5.54±0.37^a	5.10±0.45^ab	4.67±0.30^b
超氧化物歧化酶/(U·mL^-1)SOD	8.83±0.55^c	10.57±1.46^b	12.74±1.43^a
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶/(U·mL^-1)GSH-Px	153.46±24.38^c	179.27±30.49^b	202.37±19.22^a
过氧化氢酶/(U·mL^-1)CAT	10.60±0.36^b	10.96±0.33^b	11.62±0.21^a
总抗氧化能力/(U·mL^-1)T-AOC	9.58±0.41^b	10.28±0.40^a	10.69±0.33^a

项目 Items	组别Group
项目 Items	CON	MAG	ASD
厚壁菌门Firmicutes	0.361 6±0.017 9^c	0.576 5±0.023 0^b	0.667 5±0.041 9^a
拟杆菌门Bacteroidota	0.494 4±0.017 5^a	0.359 4±0.015 7^b	0.273 6±0.010 3^c
变形菌门Proteobacteria	0.118 5±0.016 1^a	0.055 1±0.039 0^b	0.016 5±0.003 5^b
放线菌门Actinobacteriota	0.002 8±0.000 2^b	0.017 7±0.000 6^a	0.019 6±0.002 4^a

项目 Items	组别Group
项目 Items	CON	MAG	ASD
Chaol指数Chaol	421.497±6.750^b	436.197±14.608^b	474.080±7.702^a
覆盖度指数Goods-coverage	1.000±0.000	1.000±0.000	1.000±0.000
观测特征数Observed_otus	414.553±9.727^b	427.420±11.556^b	463.860±11.797^a
Shannon指数Shannon	5.777±0.222^b	6.280±0.355^b	6.873±0.167^a
Simpson指数Simpson	0.954±0.006^b	0.960±0.001^b	0.972±0.002^a

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