畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (5): 2203-2218.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.020

• 遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

泌乳牛健康问题对奶牛重要经济性状的影响分析

张俊星1,2,3(), 盛辉1,4(), 韩丽云1, 张海亮2, 张毅2, 蔡蓓1, 马云1,*(), 王雅春2,*()   

  1. 1. 宁夏大学动物科技学院, 宁夏回族自治区反刍动物分子细胞育种重点实验室, 银川 750021
    2. 中国农业大学动物科技学院 农业农村部动物遗传育种与繁殖(家畜)重点实验室 畜禽育种国家工程实验室, 北京 100193
    3. 天津农学院动物科学与动物医学学院, 天津市农业动物繁育与健康养殖重点实验室, 天津 300384
    4. 天津市农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 天津市畜禽分子育种与生物技术重点实验室, 天津市畜禽健康养殖工程技术中心, 天津 300381
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-23 出版日期:2025-05-23 发布日期:2025-05-27
  • 通讯作者: 马云,王雅春 E-mail:junxingzhang163@163.com;shengjhui@163.com;mayun_666@126.com;wangyachun@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张俊星(1992-)，女，山西太原人，博士，讲师，主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究，E-mail: junxingzhang163@163.com
    盛辉(1996-)，男，河南邓州人，博士，助理研究员，主要从事动物遗传育种与繁殖研究，E-mail: shengjhui@163.com
    第一联系人：

    张俊星和盛辉为同等贡献作者

  • 基金资助:
    宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2023BCF01004；2022BBF02017；2021BEF01001)；国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS36)；畜禽生物育种全国重点实验室开放课题(2024SKLAB6-4；2024SKLAB6-11)

The Impact of Health Events on Important Economic Traits in Holstein Lactating Cows

ZHANG Junxing1,2,3(), SHENG Hui1,4(), HAN Liyun1, ZHANG Hailiang2, ZHANG Yi2, CAI Bei1, MA Yun1,*(), WANG Yachun2,*()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, School of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
    2. Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National Engineering Laboratory of Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
    3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Breeding and Healthy Husbandry, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300384, China
    4. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China
  • Received:2024-09-23 Online:2025-05-23 Published:2025-05-27
  • Contact: MA Yun, WANG Yachun E-mail:junxingzhang163@163.com;shengjhui@163.com;mayun_666@126.com;wangyachun@cau.edu.cn

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摘要：

旨在利用大规模群体数据分析泌乳牛各类健康问题对其繁殖、产奶和淘汰的影响。本研究统计了来自宁夏地区13个牧场2015—2021年的58 549头泌乳牛，25类健康性状(包括6类整合性状和19类直接性状)，4种繁殖性状，5种产奶性状和淘汰数据。采用SAS 9.2的GLM过程分析健康问题对奶牛重要经济性状的影响；利用Logistic回归模型分析健康问题对奶牛淘汰的影响。研究结果显示，健康问题的发生使奶牛产犊至产后首次配种间隔延长1.51 d，首末次配种间隔增加13.24 d，空怀天数增加15.42 d和产犊间隔增加14.92 d。直接性状中，子宫内膜炎、肠炎和蹄病对繁殖性能的负面影响较大。健康问题发生的频次对奶牛繁殖性能的负面影响显著。相同健康水平下，初产牛的繁殖性能均优于经产牛。初产牛产犊至产后首次配种间隔和空怀天数对健康问题的敏感性高于经产牛。临床乳房炎、早产流产、腹泻和真胃变位对奶牛产奶性能影响最明显，使305天产奶量减少1 225.99~2 416.48 kg，高峰产奶量减少6.29~8.52 kg，日乳蛋白量减少0.14~0.22 kg·d-1，日乳脂量减少0.16~0.22 kg·d-1。健康问题发生频次和类型同样对奶牛产奶性能有显著的负面影响。经产牛305天产奶量、高峰产奶量、日乳蛋白量和日乳脂量对健康问题的敏感性高于初产牛。各类健康问题均显著增加了泌乳牛的淘汰风险(1.45~17.81倍)，蹄底角质裂开使奶牛的淘汰风险增加17.81倍。本研究基于大规模牛群健康记录，发现奶牛各类健康问题均严重影响其生产性能，发生频次和类型数越多影响越显著，初产牛和经产牛生产性能对不同健康问题的敏感性不同。本研究探讨了奶牛健康问题的重要性，明确了各类健康问题对重要经济性状的具体影响程度，为牧场管理提供理论参考，并为奶牛抗病选育的研究提供理论依据。

关键词: 奶牛, 健康问题, 繁殖性能, 产奶性能, 淘汰风险

Abstract:

This study aimed to analyze the effect of health events on fertility, milk production and culling rates in dairy cows by using large-scale population data. Data were collected from 58 549 lactating cows calved between 2015 and 2021 in 13 farms in Ningxia, included 25 health events (6 composite traits and 19 independent traits), 4 fertility traits, 5 milk production traits and culling rates data. The GLM process of SAS 9.2 was used to analyze the impact of health events on economically important traits; Logistic regression models were used to analyze the effect of health events on culling rate of cows. The occurrence of health events lengthened the interval from calving to first insemination (ICF) by 1.51 d, increased the interval from first to last insemination (IFL) by 13.24 d, increased the days open (DO) by 15.42 d and the calving interval (CI) by 14.92 d. In independent traits, endometritis, enteritis and hoof disease had the greater impact on reproductive performance. The increased frequency of health events had a significant impact on the reproductive performance of cows. At the same level of health, reproductive performance of primiparous cows was better than that of multiparous cows. The sensitivity of ICF and DO to health events was higher in primiparous cows than in multiparous cows. Clinical mastitis, abortion, diarrhoea and displacement of abomasum significantly affected milk production traits in lactating cows, reducing 305-d milk yield (M305) by 1 225.99-2 416.48 kg, peak milk yield (PY) by 6.29-8.52 kg, protein yield (Pday) by 0.14-0.22 kg·d-1 and fat yield (Fday) by 0.16-0.22 kg·d-1. The increased frequency and class of health events had a significant impact on milk production performance of dairy cows. The M305, PY, Pday and Fday of multiparous cows were more sensitive to health events than that of primiparous cows. All types of health events significantly increased the culling risk of cows (1.45-17.81-fold), and cow with hoof sole cuticle splitting (HSCS) increased the culling risk a 17.81-fold. Based on large-scale herd health records, this study found that all types of health evens seriously affect the production performance of dairy cows, and the more frequency and type of events, the greater the impact. The sensitivity of primiparous and parturient cows to health events is different. The results of this study investigated the importance health events, clarified the specific degree of influence on important economic traits, provided theoretical references for farm management, and provided theoretical support for research and disease-resistant selection of dairy cow.

Key words: dairy cow, health events, reproductive performance, milk production, culling risk

中图分类号: 

ISSN 0366-6964
CN 11-1985/S
主管单位：中国科学技术协会
主办单位：中国畜牧兽医学会
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