饲粮不同代谢能和SID赖氨酸水平对高产哺乳深县母猪相关性能的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在探讨饲粮不同代谢能(ME)和标准回肠可消化(SID)赖氨酸水平对高产哺乳深县母猪繁殖性能、乳成分、营养物质表观消化率、血清能氮代谢指标、粪便微生物组成和仔猪生长性能的影响。试验选取60头总产仔数不小于11头的健康深县母猪随机分为6组，每组10个重复，每个重复1头猪。采用2×3因子设计，设置两个代谢能(ME)水平(13.46 MJ·kg^-1和13.72 MJ·kg^-1)和3个标准回肠可消化赖氨酸(SID Lys)水平(0.65%、0.85%、1.05%)，组成6个处理。试验从分娩开始到断奶共进行35 d。结果表明，日粮ME为13.72 MJ·kg^-1 时，母猪的体重损失和背膘损失显著下降(P<0.05)，仔猪平均日增重(ADG)和断奶成活率显著升高(P<0.05)，并且上述指标均以0.85% SID Lys组为最优。13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME组哺乳母猪对干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)和总能(GE)的表观消化率显著提高(P<0.05)。0.65% SID Lys组母猪对CP的消化率显著低于其余两组(P<0.05)。伴随日粮代谢能升高，母猪常乳中乳糖和乳脂水平显著升高(P<0.05)，而0.85% SID Lys组乳蛋白水平最高(P<0.05)。饲喂13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME日粮的母猪血清中甘油三酯(TG)浓度显著增加(P<0.05)，肌酐(CRE)显著减少(P<0.05)，尿素氮(BUN)水平随赖氨酸升高呈先降低后升高的二次变化(P<0.05)。日粮13.72 MJ·kg^-1 的ME水平导致母猪粪便中链球菌属(Streptococcus)丰度显著增加(P<0.05)，而苏黎世杆菌属(Turicibacter)和罗姆布茨菌属(Romnoitsia)显著下降(P<0.05)，梭菌属(Clostridium_T)随赖氨酸的升高线性下降(P<0.05)。综上所述，高产深县猪哺乳期日粮ME水平为13.72 MJ·kg^-1，SID Lys水平为0.85% 时，可以保证母猪的优良体况，加快机体能量代谢和氮代谢，保证优质乳成分，改善肠道微生态环境，促进仔猪生长发育。

关键词: 代谢能, SID赖氨酸, 哺乳深县母猪, 性能, 乳成分

Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different dietary metabolizable energy and standard ileal digestible lysine levels on the lactation performance, milk components, apparent digestibility of nutrients, energy and nitrogen metabolism markers in serum, fecal microbiota, and growth performance of piglets in high-producing Shenxian sows. Sixty multiparous Shenxian sows with a total litter size of at least 11 piglets were randomly divided into six groups of ten replicates each, with one pig per replicate. A 2×3 factorial design was used, with two metabolizable energy (ME) levels (13.46 and 13.72 MJ·kg^-1) and three standard ileal digestible lysine (SID Lys) levels (0.65%, 0.85%, and 1.05%), resulting in six treatments. The experiment lasted for 35 days from parturition to weaning. The results showed that the body weight loss and backfat loss of lactating sows were significantly reduced when the dietary energy was 13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME (P<0.05), and the average daily gain (ADG) and weaning survival rate of piglets were significantly increased (P<0.05), with the above indicators being optimal at 0.85% SID Lys. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and gross energy (GE) of lactating sows were significantly improved in the 13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME group (P<0.05). The digestibility of crude protein (CP) in sows fed 0.65% SID Lys was significantly lower than that of the other two groups (P<0.05). The levels of lactose and fat in milk were significantly increased with rising dietary ME (P<0.05), and the highest level of milk protein was observed in the 0.85% SID Lys group (P<0.05). The serum triglyceride (TG) concentration of lactating sows was significantly increased (P<0.05), while the creatinine (CRE) concentration was significantly reduced in the 13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME group (P<0.05). The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level showed a parabolic change with lysine level increased (P<0.05). The energy level of 13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME resulted in a significant increase in Streptococcus abundance (P<0.05), while Turicibacter and Romnoitsia decreased significantly (P<0.05), and Clostridium_T showed a linear decrease with increasing lysine concentration (P<0.05). In conclusion, the dietary energy level of 13.72 MJ·kg^-1 ME and the lysine level of 0.85% SID Lys in high-producing Shenxian lactating sows ensures excellent body condition, accelerates energy metabolism and nitrogen metabolism of the body, ensures high-quality milk components, improves the intestinal micro-ecological environment, and promotes growth of the piglets.

Key words: metebolizable energy, standard ileal digestible lysine, lactating Shenxian sows, performance, milk composition

中图分类号:

S828.5

桂若虹, 曹洪战, 刘松瓒, 刘吉祥, 赵嘉龙, 芦春莲. 饲粮不同代谢能和SID赖氨酸水平对高产哺乳深县母猪相关性能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4472-4490.

GUI Ruohong, CAO Hongzhan, LIU Songzan, LIU Jixiang, ZHAO Jialong, LU Chunlian. Effects of Different Dietary Metabolizable Energy and Standard Ileal Digestible Lysine Levels on Performance of High-Producing Lactating Shenxian Sows[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4472-4490.

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