过瘤胃脂肪对育肥牦牛生产性能、血清生化及屠宰性能的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.025

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (8): 3849-3860.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.08.025

过瘤胃脂肪对育肥牦牛生产性能、血清生化及屠宰性能的影响

袁越¹^,²(), 周建旭³, 罗晓林², 官久强², 安添午², 赵洪文², 柏琴², 任子利¹, 张翔飞²^,*(), 赵彦玲¹^,*()

1. 西藏农牧学院动物科学学院，林芝 860000
2. 四川省草原科学研究院高原动物研究所，成都 611731
3. 小金县科学技术和农业畜牧水务局，小金 624200

收稿日期:2024-08-23 出版日期:2025-08-23 发布日期:2025-08-28
通讯作者: 张翔飞,赵彦玲 E-mail:yyovnn@foxmail.com;zxfsicau@foxmail.com;ylzhaohn@163.com
作者简介:袁越(1999-)，女，河北张家口人，硕士，主要从事牦牛营养与饲料科学研究，E-mail: yyovnn@foxmail.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFD1601604)；省级科技专项海南州科技创新平台培育建设项目：草畜耦合牦牛生态高效牧养技术研究与示范；牦牛健康养殖关键技术集成与应用(2023JDZH0028)；国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37)

Effect of Rumen-Protected Fat on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry and Slaughter Performance of Fattening Yaks

YUAN Yue¹^,²(), ZHOU Jianxu³, LUO Xiaolin², GUAN Jiuqiang², AN Tianwu², ZHAO Hongwen², BAI Qin², REN Zili¹, ZHANG Xiangfei²^,*(), ZHAO Yanling¹^,*()

1. College of Animal Science, Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China
2. Institute of Plateau Animals, Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China
3. Science and Technology, Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Water Affairs Bureau of Xiaojin County, Xiaojin 624200, China

Received:2024-08-23 Online:2025-08-23 Published:2025-08-28
Contact: ZHANG Xiangfei, ZHAO Yanling E-mail:yyovnn@foxmail.com;zxfsicau@foxmail.com;ylzhaohn@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探讨日粮中添加过瘤胃脂肪(RPF)对育肥牦牛生产性能、血清生化、屠宰性能及肌肉品质的影响。选取体重相近的公牦牛24头(275.63±9.84 kg)随机分配至3个处理组，每组8头牛，分别饲喂基础日粮(CON组)、基础日粮添加1.5% RPF(RPF 1.5组)和基础日粮添加3.0% RPF(RPF 3.0组)，试验期90 d。于试验期始末对所有牛只进行称重，试验期末采集牦牛颈静脉血液样本并分离血清，分析血清生化及激素分泌差异，每组选取3头牦牛屠宰测定胴体性状等屠宰性能，采集背最长肌样本测定肌肉品质。结果表明：日粮添加1.5%、3.0%的RPF未对育肥牦牛采食量产生显著影响(P>0.05)，但显著提高了牦牛平均日增重(P＜0.05)，RPF3.0组牦牛平均日增重达到900.69 g·d^－1，同时显著降低了料重比(P＜0.05)。RPF组牦牛血清中尿素氮显著高于CON组，脂肪代谢物甘油三酯、胆固醇、非酯化脂肪酸在RPF 3.0组中显著升高(P＜0.05)，转运分子极低密度脂蛋白、载脂蛋白B100水平在RPF 1.5、RPF 3.0组牦牛血清中得到显著提升(P＜0.05)。日粮补充1.5%和3.0% RPF显著提高了育肥牦牛血清胰岛素和瘦素分泌水平(P＜0.05)。RPF 1.5与RPF 3.0组牦牛胴体尺寸指标高于对照组，但未达到显著水平，RPF 1.5组牦牛胴体重、净肉重以及RPF 3.0组眼肌面积、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率和净肉率均显著高于CON组(P＜0.05)。RPF 3.0相比CON组，显著提高了背最长肌的熟肉率(P＜0.05)，同时显著降低了肌肉剪切力(P＜0.05)。综上，在本试验条件下，日粮中添加RPF可通过促进调控激素分泌与脂肪代谢，提升育肥牦牛生产性能和屠宰性能，并改善肌肉品质。

关键词: 育肥牦牛, 过瘤胃脂肪, 生产性能, 血清生化, 屠宰性能

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary rumen-protected fat (RPF) addition on growth performance, serum biochemistry, slaughter performance and meat quality of fattening yaks. Twenty-four male yaks with similar body weight (275.63±9.84 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatment groups (8 in each group) and were fed basal diet (CON), basal diet with 1.5% RPF (RPF 1.5) supplementation, and basal diet with 3.0% RPF (RPF 3.0) supplementation, respectively. The experimental period was 90 d. All yaks were weighed at the beginning and the end of the experimental period, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of yaks before morning feeding on the last trial day to analyse the differences in blood biochemistry and hormone secretion. Three yaks from each group were selected to determine the slaughter performance including carcass characteristics, and the longissimus dorsi muscle were collected for meat quality analysis. The results showed no significant impact of RPF supplementation on the feed intake, the average daily weight gain of fattening yaks was significantly increased by RPF addition, the average daily weight gain of yaks in the RPF3.0 group reached 900.69 g ·d^-1 which reduced the feed to gain ration significantly as well (P < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen concentration in PRF groups were significantly higher than that in CON group (P < 0.05). Serum lipid metabolites triglycerides, cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acids were significantly increased in the RPF 3.0 group (P < 0.05), and the lipid transport molecules very low-density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein B100 were significantly elevated in the serum of RPF1.5 and RPF3.0 yaks (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with 1.5% and 3.0% RPF significantly increased serum insulin and leptin secretion levels in fattening yaks (P < 0.05). The carcass traits were higher in the RPF1.5 and RPF 3.0 groups than those in the CON group, but did not reach a significant level. The yak carcass weight, and net meat weight in RPF 1.5 group as well as ribeye area, carcass weight, net meat weight, dressing percentage and net meat percentage in RPF 3.0 group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the CON group. The RPF 3.0 treatment significantly increased the cooked meat percentage of the longissimus dorsi muscle compared to the CON group (P < 0.05), meanwhile significantly decreased the muscle shear force (P < 0.05). In conclusion, under the condition of the current experiment, dietary supplementation of RPF can enhance the growth performance of fattening yaks, and improve slaughter performance and meat quality by promoting regulation hormone secretion and lipid metabolism.

Key words: fattening yak, rumen protected fat, growth performance, serum biochemistry, slaughter performance

中图分类号:

S823.85

袁越, 周建旭, 罗晓林, 官久强, 安添午, 赵洪文, 柏琴, 任子利, 张翔飞, 赵彦玲. 过瘤胃脂肪对育肥牦牛生产性能、血清生化及屠宰性能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(8): 3849-3860.

YUAN Yue, ZHOU Jianxu, LUO Xiaolin, GUAN Jiuqiang, AN Tianwu, ZHAO Hongwen, BAI Qin, REN Zili, ZHANG Xiangfei, ZHAO Yanling. Effect of Rumen-Protected Fat on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry and Slaughter Performance of Fattening Yaks[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(8): 3849-3860.

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项目 Item	含量 Content
原料Ingredient
玉米Corn	31.23
小麦麸Wheat bran	5.14
豆粕Soybean meal	2.97
菜籽饼Rapeseed meal	3.17
发酵蛋白饲料Fermented protein concentrate	3.02
酵母硒Yeast selenium	0.11
碳酸钙CaCO₃	0.23
小苏打NaHCO₃	0.73
食盐NaCl	0.57
预混料Premix¹⁾	2.83
燕麦干草Oat hay	50.00
合计Total	100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels²⁾
综合净能/(MJ·kg^-1) NEmf	5.35
粗蛋白CP	12.18
粗脂肪EE	2.72
中性洗涤纤维NDF	38.72
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	23.82
钙Ca	0.60
磷P	0.36

项目 Item	对照组 CON	1.5%RPF添加组 RPF1.5	3.0%RPF添加组 RPF3.0	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
始重/kg IBW	274.56	274.88	277.44	3.56	0.828
末重/kg FBW	343.31^b	350.69^ab	358.50^a	4.03	0.048
增重/kg WG	68.75^b	75.81^a	81.06^a	2.09	0.002
平均日增重/(g·d^－1) ADG	763.89^b	842.36^a	900.69^a	23.2	0.002
干物质采食量/(kg·d^－1) DMI	8.12	8.05	7.96	0.09	0.484
料重比F/G	10.71^a	9.62^b	8.87^b	0.27	＜0.001

项目 Item	对照组 CON	1.5%RPF添加组 RPF1.5	3.0%RPF添加组 RPF3.0	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
葡萄糖/(mmol·L^-1) GLU	3.85	3.25	3.45	0.25	0.309
尿素氮/(mmol·L^-1) BUN	7.14^b	11.65^a	10.22^a	0.35	0.001
白蛋白/(g·L^-1) ALB	22.70	24.50	23.27	1.16	0.635
球蛋白/(g·L^-1) GLB	24.23	25.07	24.33	0.74	0.704
总蛋白/(g·L^-1) TP	46.93	49.57	47.60	1.06	0.324

项目 Item	对照组 CON	1.5%RPF添加组 RPF1.5	3.0%RPF添加组 RPF3.0	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
甘油三酯/(mmol·L^-1) TG	0.34^b	0.42^b	0.62^a	0.03	0.003
胆固醇/(mmol·L^-1) CHO	1.33^b	1.56^a	1.57^a	0.03	0.006
非酯化脂肪酸/(mmol·L^-1) NEFA	0.34^b	0.42^ab	0.45^a	0.02	0.050
β-羟基丁酸/(μmol·L^-1) BHBA	340.24	313.21	305.87	21.64	0.543
极低密度脂蛋白/(mmol·L^-1) VLDL	25.67^b	30.08^a	30.76^a	0.72	0.007
载脂蛋白B100/(μg·mL^-1) APOB100	23.21^b	29.69^a	30.11^a	1.38	0.035

项目 Item	对照组 CON	1.5%RPF添加组 RPF1.5	3.0%RPF添加组 RPF3.0	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
胰高血糖素/(pg·mL^-1) GC	242.59	241.24	208.79	16.68	0.400
胰岛素/(mIU·L^-1) INS	38.95^b	44.93^a	46.39^a	1.24	0.012
胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ/(ng·mL^-1) IGF-Ⅰ	280.38	226.85	243.42	13.29	0.083
瘦素/(ng·mL^-1) LEP	5.30^b	6.02^a	6.52^a	0.15	0.006

过瘤胃脂肪对育肥牦牛生产性能、血清生化及屠宰性能的影响

Effect of Rumen-Protected Fat on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemistry and Slaughter Performance of Fattening Yaks

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项目 Item	对照组 CON	1.5%RPF添加组 RPF1.5	3.0%RPF添加组 RPF3.0	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
胴体长/cm Carcass length	124.33	125.00	126.67	1.11	0.388
胴体胸深/cm Chest depth of carcass	63.00	63.83	63.67	0.56	0.602
胴体深/cm Carcass depth	60.83	61.50	61.83	0.57	0.492
胴体后腿围/cm Hind leg girth of carcass	49.33	50.33	51.50	0.57	0.119
胴体后腿长/cm Hind leg length of carcass	61.17	61.17	62.50	0.77	0.455
胴体后腿宽/cm Hind leg breadth	20.83	21.33	21.83	0.60	0.559
大腿肌肉厚/cm Thigh muscle thickness	10.67	11.17	11.33	0.41	0.524
眼肌面积/cm² Loin eye area	43.27^b	44.75^b	46.78^a	0.60	0.015

项目 Item	对照组 CON	1.5%RPF添加组 RPF1.5	3.0%RPF添加组 RPF3.0	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
内脏脂肪重/kg Visceral fat weight	2.70^b	3.66^a	4.07^a	0.17	0.004
胴体重/kg Carcass weight	174.36^c	180.64^b	187.66^a	0.98	0.004
净肉重/kg Net meat weight	148.27^c	154.05^b	161.20^a	1.12	0.004
骨重/kg Bone weight	26.09	26.59	26.46	0.61	0.855
肉骨比Meat-bone ratio	5.68	5.80	6.10	0.15	0.236
屠宰率/% Dressing percentage	50.80^b	51.71^ab	52.27^a	0.21	0.039
净肉率/% Net meat percentage	43.20^b	44.10^ab	44.90^a	0.18	0.016
胴体产肉率/% Meat production percentage of carcass	85.04	85.28	85.90	0.33	0.254

项目 Item		对照组 CON	1.5%RPF添加组 RPF1.5	3.0%RPF添加组 RPF3.0	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
熟肉率/% Cooked meat rate		62.39^b	65.87^ab	67.80^a	1.23	0.063
剪切力/N Shear force		7.49^a	6.58^ab	5.78^b	0.08	0.017
pH		5.93	5.78	5.97	0.17	0.748
肉色	亮度L^*	28.87	28.24	28.40	0.90	0.916
Meat color	红度a^*	9.47	9.60	10.30	0.41	0.411
	黄度b^*	8.31	9.72	9.43	0.47	0.242