产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋壳质量变化及影响因素的探究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.05.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋壳质量的变化及影响因素以提高蛋壳质量，减少禽蛋在交易过程中的损失。本试验选取体重相近、健康状况良好的产蛋高峰期(D280)及产蛋后期(D580)海兰白蛋鸡各60只，随机分为6个重复，每个重复10只，进行采样、检测和观察。首先采集两组的蛋各60枚检测蛋壳质量，利用扫描电子显微镜观察蛋壳超微结构的差异；随后每组随机取6只鸡，采集蛋壳腺组织，一部分制作石蜡切片用于蛋壳腺组织结构的观察，一部分提取RNA用于检测蛋壳腺组织OC-17、OC-116、OCX-32基因表达水平。结果表明，与产蛋高峰期蛋鸡相比，产蛋后期蛋鸡存在下列变化：①蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋壳百分比、蛋壳有效厚度分别降低了8.33%、9.98%、5.15%、4.17%；②蛋壳超微结构显示，蛋壳乳突间隙的宽度、乳突宽度及乳突层的有效厚度显著增加；③蛋壳腺绒毛长度显著降低，相邻两绒毛之间的宽度显著增加；④蛋壳腺OC-17、OC-116、OCX-32基因表达量显著下调。以上结果提示，产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋壳腺组织结构的变化可能导致了蛋壳腺分泌能力的下降，影响了子宫液中矿物质离子的浓度。同时，蛋壳腺组织中OC-17、OC-116、OCX-32基因表达量的显著下调表明蛋壳腺矿物质沉积能力下降，两方面的因素共同影响了蛋壳在蛋壳腺中的矿化过程，使蛋壳超微结构发生了改变，导致蛋壳质量下降。

关键词: 产蛋后期蛋鸡, 产蛋性能, 蛋壳质量, 蛋壳腺

Abstract:

This experiment aimed to investigate the changes of eggshell quality and its influencing factors in late-phase laying hens in order to improve eggshell quality and reduce the loss of eggs in the process of trading. In this experiment, 60 laying hens in peak laying period (D280) and 60 in late laying period (D580) were selected with similar weight and good health. Laying hens in each laying period were randomly divided into 6 replicates of 10 hens each for sampling, detection, and observation. Firstly, 60 eggs from each group were collected to detect the eggshell quality. And the differences of ultrastructure of eggshell were observed by scanning electron microscope. Subsequently, 6 chickens in each group were randomly selected to collect eggshell gland tissue, part of which was made into paraffin sections for observation of eggshell gland tissue structure, and part of which was extracted with RNA for detection of gene expression levels of OC-17, OC-116 and OCX-32 in eggshell gland tissue. The results showed that, compared with peak-phase laying hens, the following changes were observed in late-phase of laying hens: ①The thickness, strength, percentage and effective thickness of eggshell were significantly decreased by 8.33%, 9.98%, 5.15% and 4.17%. ②The ultrastructure of eggshell showed that the width of the mastoid gap, the width of the mammillary knobs and the effective thickness of the mastoid layer were significantly increased. ③The length of eggshell gland villi was significantly reduced, while the width between two adjacent villi showed a significant increase. ④The expression levels of OC-17, OC-116 and OCX-32 genes in eggshell glands were significantly down-regulated. The results indicated that the structural changes of eggshell gland in late-phase laying hens might lead to the decrease of eggshell gland secretion ability and affected the concentration of mineral ions in uterine fluid. The significantly down-regulated expression of OC-17, OC-116 and OCX-32 genes indicated the mineral deposit ability of eggshell gland was decreased. These two aspects together affected the mineralization process of eggshell in eggshell gland, changed the ultrastructure of eggshell, and led to the decline of eggshell quality.

Key words: late-phase laying hen, egg laying performance, eggshell quality, eggshell gland

中图分类号:

S831.2

马艳粉, 陈琦, 钱忠立, 倪嘉, 孟昊, 高鑫凯, 万福军, 刘欣. 产蛋后期蛋鸡蛋壳质量变化及影响因素的探究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(5): 2148-2156.

MA Yanfen, CHEN Qi, QIAN Zhongli, NI Jia, MENG Hao, GAO Xinkai, WAN Fujun, LIU Xin. Changes and Influencing Factors of Eggshell Quality in Late-phase Laying Hens[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(5): 2148-2156.

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基因Gene	引物序列(5′→3′) Primer sequence	产物长度/bp Amplicon size
OC-17	F: AGGGCTCAGCAAGAAGTAGC R: TGTCCCCATTATAGGCTTTGC	259
OC-116	F: GATCCCGACAAATGGCCCTG R: TTAGAGGGCGTGTTAATGGGT	390
OCX-32	F: ACGCGTCCGCAGCAG R: ACGCGTCCGCAGCAG	102

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