叶酸对1~21日龄北京鸭生产性能、血浆生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.07.025

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (7): 3327-3334.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.07.025

叶酸对1~21日龄北京鸭生产性能、血浆生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响

霍振(), 庄蕾(), 周伟, 王帅钦, 谢明, 侯水生*(), 唐静*()

中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室，北京 100193

收稿日期:2024-07-29 出版日期:2025-07-23 发布日期:2025-07-25
通讯作者: 侯水生,唐静 E-mail:huozhen000000@163.com;zhuanglei96@163.com;houss@263.net;tangjing@caas.cn
作者简介:霍振(2001-)，男，河北邱县人，硕士生，主要从事家禽营养研究，E-mail：huozhen000000@163.com
庄蕾(1996-)女，山东潍坊人，博士生，主要从事家禽遗传研究，E-mail：zhuanglei96@163.com
第一联系人：
霍振和庄蕾为同等贡献作者
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2022YFD1301800)；畜禽营养与饲养全国重点实验室(2004DA125184F2401)；财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-42)

Effects of Dietary Folic Acid Levels on Production Performance, Plasma Biochemical Indicators and Antioxidant Capacity of Pekin Ducks from 1 to 21 Days of Age

HUO Zhen(), ZHUANG Lei(), ZHOU Wei, WANG Shuaiqin, XIE Ming, HOU Shuisheng*(), HOU Shuisheng*()

State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2024-07-29 Online:2025-07-23 Published:2025-07-25
Contact: HOU Shuisheng, HOU Shuisheng E-mail:huozhen000000@163.com;zhuanglei96@163.com;houss@263.net;tangjing@caas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究不同饲粮叶酸水平对1~21日龄北京鸭生产性能、血浆生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响，以确定1~21日龄北京鸭叶酸需要量。试验采用单因子完全随机试验设计，选用640只体重相近的1日龄雄性北京鸭，随机分为8组，每组8个重复，每重复10只鸭。试验鸭分别饲喂叶酸水平为0.16、0.26、0.36、0.56、0.76、0.96和1.16 mg ·kg^－1的试验饲粮，试验期为21 d。结果表明：1)0.76 mg ·kg^－1叶酸组试验鸭的平均体重和平均日增重显著高于0.26、0.36和0.56 mg ·kg^－1组(P < 0.05)。2)随着饲粮叶酸水平的提高，21日龄北京鸭的胸肌率(P=0.098 8)和腿肌率(P=0.075 3)具有先升高再降低的趋势。3)随着饲粮叶酸水平的提高，血浆谷草转氨酶活性显著降低，血浆葡萄糖水平显著提高(P < 0.05)，当叶酸水平达到0.76 mg ·kg^－1时，上述指标无显著变化。4)叶酸水平为0.16和0.36 mg ·kg^－1组的血浆总抗氧化能力显著低于0.26和0.76 mg ·kg^－1叶酸组(P < 0.05)，0.16和0.26 mg ·kg^－1叶酸组过氧化氢酶活性显著低于0.36、0.56、0.76、0.96和1.16 mg ·kg^－1叶酸组(P < 0.05)。综上，饲粮中添加适宜水平的叶酸可提高北京鸭生产性能和抗氧化功能，在本试验条件下，推荐1~21日龄北京鸭饲粮叶酸水平为0.76 mg ·kg^－1。

关键词: 叶酸, 北京鸭, 需要量, 生产性能, 血浆生化指标, 抗氧化

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary folic acid levels on production performance, plasma biochemical indicators, and antioxidant capacity of Pekin ducks from 1 to 21 days of age, and to determine the folic acid requirement of Pekin ducks. The experiment adopts a completely randomized single-factor experimental design. A total of 640 1-day-old male Pekin ducks with similar body weight were randomly divided into 8 groups, 8 replicates per group, and 10 ducks per replicate. Ducks were fed experimental diets with folate levels of 0.16, 0.26, 0.36, 0.56, 0.76, 0.96, and 1.16 mg ·kg^－1, respectively. The experiment lasted for 21 days. The results showed as follows: 1) Average body weight and average daily weight gain in the 0.76 mg ·kg^－1 folic acid group were significantly higher than that in the 0.26, 0.36, and 0.56 mg ·kg^－1 folic acid groups (P < 0.05). 2) With dietary folic acid level increasing, breast muscle percentage (P=0.098 8) and leg muscle percentage (P=0.075 3) has the trend of first increasing and then decreasing. 3) With dietary folic acid level increasing, plasma aspartate aminotransferase activities were significantly decreased, and plasma glucose level was significantly increased (P < 0.05). When folic acid level was 0.76 mg ·kg^－1, there was no significant change in the above indexes. 4) The total antioxidant capacity of 0.16 and 0.36 mg ·kg^－1 folic acid groups was significantly lower than that of 0.26 and 0.76 mg ·kg^－1 folic acid groups (P < 0.05). The catalase activity of 0.16 and 0.26 mg ·kg^－1 folic acid groups was significantly lower than that of 0.36, 0.56, 0.76, 0.96, and 1.16 mg ·kg^－1 folic acid groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, adding an appropriate level of folic acid to the diet could improve the production performance and antioxidant capacity of Pekin ducks. The recommended folic acid level in the diet for Pekin duck from 1 to 21 days of age under the condition of the current study is 0.76 mg ·kg^－1.

Key words: folic acid, Pekin duck, requirement, production performance, plasma biochemical index, antioxidant capacity

中图分类号:

S834.5

霍振, 庄蕾, 周伟, 王帅钦, 谢明, 侯水生, 唐静. 叶酸对1~21日龄北京鸭生产性能、血浆生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(7): 3327-3334.

HUO Zhen, ZHUANG Lei, ZHOU Wei, WANG Shuaiqin, XIE Ming, HOU Shuisheng, HOU Shuisheng. Effects of Dietary Folic Acid Levels on Production Performance, Plasma Biochemical Indicators and Antioxidant Capacity of Pekin Ducks from 1 to 21 Days of Age[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(7): 3327-3334.

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原料 Ingredient	含量 Content	营养水平 Nutrient level²⁾	含量 Content
玉米 Corn	71.78	代谢能/(MJ·kg^－1) ME	13.65
玉米蛋白粉 Corn gluten meal	23.0	粗蛋白质 CP	20.37
石粉 Limestone	0.90	钙 Ca	0.91
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	1.60	非植酸磷 Non-phytate phosphorus	0.41
食盐 NaCl	0.30	赖氨酸 Lys	1.17
DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met	0.10	蛋氨酸 Met	0.52
L-赖氨酸 L-Lys	0.80	蛋+胱 Met+Cys	0.86
精氨酸 Arg	0.30	苏氨酸 Thr	0.76
L-色氨酸 L-Trp	0.10	L-色氨酸 L-Trp	0.22
苏氨酸 Thr	0.12	精氨酸 Arg	0.97
预混料 Premix¹⁾	1.00	叶酸/(mg·kg^－1) Folic acid	0.16
合计 Total	100.00

项目 Item	饲粮叶酸水平/(mg·kg^－1) Dietary folic acid level							SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	0.16	0.26	0.36	0.56	0.76	0.96	1.16	SEM	P值 P-value
初生重/g Initial weight	53.6	53.6	53.8	53.7	53.8	53.7	53.6	0.09	0.335 4
21 d平均体重/g ABW	964^abc	922^c	935^bc	927^c	986^a	976^ab	953^abc	15.3	0.018 8
平均日增重/(g·d^－1) ADG	45.5^abc	43.4^c	44.0^bc	43.7^c	46.6^a	46.1^ab	44.9^abc	0.76	0.025 3
平均日采食量/(g·d^－1) ADFI	68.4	66.0	66.6	67.6	72.1	69.3	67.5	1.45	0.093 2
料重比 F/G	1.50	1.52	1.53	1.53	1.55	1.50	1.50	0.01	0.098 8

项目 Item	饲粮叶酸水平/(mg·kg^－1) Dietary folic acid level							SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	0.16	0.26	0.36	0.56	0.76	0.96	1.16	SEM	P值 P-value
胸肌率 Breast meat percentage	1.50	1.52	1.53	1.53	1.55	1.50	1.50	0.012 5	0.098 8
腿肌率 Leg meat percentage	8.62	8.91	9.21	9.16	9.52	9.18	8.74	0.221 0	0.075 3
腹脂率 Abdominal fat percentage	0.79	0.84	0.83	0.89	0.92	0.88	0.96	0.057 7	0.419 2
肝脏指数 Liver index	2.87	2.81	3.03	2.86	2.93	2.89	2.99	0.085 6	0.594 0
心脏指数 Heart index	0.55	0.55	0.57	0.57	0.56	0.54	0.57	0.014 5	0.710 2
胸腺指数 Thymus index	0.39	0.44	0.41	0.46	0.44	0.43	0.47	0.034 6	0.686 0
脾脏指数 Spleen index	0.097	0.100	0.113	0.105	0.103	0.088	0.106	0.009 2	0.644 3
法氏囊指数 Bursa of fabricius index	0.13	0.14	0.13	0.14	0.12	0.14	0.13	0.008 7	0.620 1

项目 Item	饲粮叶酸水平/(mg·kg^－1) Dietary folic acid level							SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	0.16	0.26	0.36	0.56	0.76	0.96	1.16	SEM	P值 P-value
谷丙转氨酶/(U·L^－1) ALT	55.60	62.00	74.43	56.36	65.57	58.80	58.47	5.61	0.237 9
谷草转氨酶/(U·L^－1) AST	43.20^a	31.00^b	31.86^b	28.57^bc	17.43^d	21.33^cd	24.27^bcd	3.20	< 0.000 1
谷草转氨酶/谷丙转氨酶AST/ALT	0.81^a	0.53^b	0.47^bc	0.52^b	0.29^c	0.39^bc	0.44^bc	0.05	< 0.000 1
白蛋白/(g·L^－1) ALB	17.47	17.28	16.81	16.83	16.59	16.48	16.76	0.31	0.235 9
球蛋白/(g·L^－1) GLB	23.34	22.29	22.73	21.87	22.55	22.23	21.72	0.53	0.364 2
白蛋白/球蛋白A/G	0.75	0.78	0.74	0.77	0.75	0.75	0.77	0.02	0.829 3
肌酸激酶/(U·L^－1) CK	1768^ab	1545^abc	1893^a	1803^ab	1248^c	1273^c	1433^bc	129.03	0.001 1
总蛋白/(g·L^－1) TP	40.87	39.46	39.91	38.45	34.49	38.58	38.35	1.52	0.116 7
血肌酐/(μmol·L^－1) CREA	4.53^a	3.50^b	4.29^ab	4.29^ab	3.43^b	4.20^ab	4.80^a	0.32	0.023 2
碱性磷酸酶/(U·L^－1) ALP	630	751	583	695	621	614	684	41.87	0.088 5
乳酸脱氢酶/(U·L^－1) LDH	1503^a	1294^ab	1461^a	1365^ab	1063^c	1093^bc	1313^ab	77.43	0.000 3
尿酸/(μmol·L^－1) UA	157^b	245^a	167^b	228^a	212^ab	195^ab	229^a	19.38	0.010 9
葡萄糖/(mmol·L^－1) GLU	6.04^c	6.92^b	6.05^c	6.92^b	7.28^ab	8.11^a	7.78^ab	0.29	< 0.000 1
甘油三酯/(mmol·L^－1) TG	1.00	0.98	0.94	1.06	0.90	0.87	1.04	0.05	0.152 0
总胆固醇/(mmol·L^－1) CHO	7.12	6.87	6.96	6.85	7.12	7.04	6.84	0.18	0.819 4
高密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L^－1) HDL-C	4.13	3.98	3.98	3.97	4.04	3.94	3.95	0.11	0.855 5
低密度脂蛋白胆固醇/(mmol·L^－1) LDL-C	2.62	2.43	2.69	2.68	2.84	2.82	2.46	0.14	0.261 5

项目 Item	饲粮叶酸水平/(mg·kg^－1) Dietary folic acid level							SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	0.16	0.26	0.36	0.56	0.76	0.96	1.16	SEM	P值 P-value
总抗氧化能力/(mmol·L^－1) T-AOC	0.65^bc	0.85^a	0.68^bc	0.81^ab	0.83^a	0.75^abc	0.81^ab	0.043	0.007 6
过氧化氢酶/(U·mg^－1 prot) CAT	10.17^c	12.44^b	17.98^a	16.77^a	17.89^a	17.97^a	17.21^a	0.783	< 0.000 1
谷胱甘肽/(μg·mg^－1 prot) GSH	19.94	16.86	17.75	16.66	18.69	19.11	18.90	1.513	0.689 5
超氧化物歧化酶/(U·mL^－1) SOD	453.62	364.85	466.78	385.75	418.98	482.25	417.57	49.969	0.609 6

叶酸对1~21日龄北京鸭生产性能、血浆生化指标和抗氧化能力的影响

Effects of Dietary Folic Acid Levels on Production Performance, Plasma Biochemical Indicators and Antioxidant Capacity of Pekin Ducks from 1 to 21 Days of Age

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