不同饲粮铜水平对安哥拉兔生产性能及毛囊发育的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.07.022

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (7): 3032-3039.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.07.022

不同饲粮铜水平对安哥拉兔生产性能及毛囊发育的影响

王小松¹(), 李冬¹, 李淑¹, 陈佳力¹, 刘永需², 赵红², 李福昌¹^,*(), 刘磊¹^,*()

1. 山东农业大学动物科技学院山东省动物生物工程与疾病防治重点实验室农业农村部非粮食饲料资源高效利用重点实验室(部省共建)，泰安 271018
2. 青岛康大佳惠饲料有限公司，青岛 266499

收稿日期:2023-10-16 出版日期:2024-07-23 发布日期:2024-07-24
通讯作者: 李福昌,刘磊 E-mail:14768123432@163.com;chlf@sdau.edu.cn;leiliu@sdau.edu.cn
作者简介:王小松(1997-)，男，山东临沂人，硕士生，主要从事家兔营养与代谢研究，E-mail: 14768123432@163.com
基金资助:
山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)(2021LZGC002);山东省重点研发计划(乡村振兴科技创新提振行动计划)(2023TZXD044);现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-43-B-1);山东省特种经济动物产业技术体系(SDAIT-21-16);青岛西海岸新区2021年度科技项目(科技攻关“揭榜制”专项)(2021-17)

Effects of Dietary Different Copper Levels on Production Performance and Hair Follicle Development in Angora Rabbits

Xiaosong WANG¹(), Dong LI¹, Shu LI¹, Jiali CHEN¹, Yongxu LIU², Hong ZHAO², Fuchang LI¹^,*(), Lei LIU¹^,*()

1. Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Non-grain Feed Resources (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
2. Qingdao Kangda Jiahui Feed Co., LTD, Qingdao 266499, China

Received:2023-10-16 Online:2024-07-23 Published:2024-07-24
Contact: Fuchang LI, Lei LIU E-mail:14768123432@163.com;chlf@sdau.edu.cn;leiliu@sdau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究饲粮不同水平铜对安哥拉兔生产性能以及毛囊发育的影响。选取5月龄安哥拉兔180只，随机分成5组(每组36个重复，每个重复1只)，分别饲喂铜添加量为0、5、10、20和40 mg·kg^－1的日粮，预试期3 d，正式试验76 d。结果显示：1)当铜的添加水平为5 mg·kg^－1时，产毛量达到最大值，料毛比也相对较低(P < 0.01)，但是对安哥拉兔平均日采食量无显著影响(P>0.05)。2)与对照组相比，铜添加量为40 mg·kg^－1时，显著增加了兔毛的断裂强力、断裂强度、断裂功(P < 0.01)，显著影响了伸长、伸长率(P < 0.05)，改善了兔毛品质。3)饲粮中添加铜显著增加了次级毛囊密度(P < 0.01)和总毛囊密度(P < 0.05)，当铜的添加量为5 mg·kg^－1时，总毛囊密度和次级毛囊密度达到最大值。饲粮中添加5 mg·kg^－1的铜显著增加了Wnt10b、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)的mRNA表达量(P < 0.01)，显著增加了角蛋白相关蛋白6-1基因(Kap6.1)的表达量(P < 0.05)，铜添加量为40 mg·kg^－1时，mTOR的表达量达到最大值。铜的添加对表皮生长因子(EGF)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、转化生长因子-β2(TGF-β2)基因相对表达均无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述，饲料中添加铜可以提高安哥拉兔的产毛性能，改善兔毛品质，促进皮下毛囊发育，家兔可能通过Wnt10b、mTOR和Kap6.1基因来调控毛囊发育。在本试验条件下，安哥拉兔饲粮中铜水平为13.72 mg·kg^-1最为适宜。

关键词: 安哥拉兔, 铜, 生产性能, 毛囊发育

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of different levels of dietary copper on production performance and hair follicle development of Angora rabbits. A total of 180 Angora rabbits (5 months old) were randomly divided into 5 groups (36 replicates per group, one replicate per group) and fed with a basal diet containing 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg·kg^－1 copper, respectively. The prefeeding period was 3 days, and the experimental period was 76 days. The results showed that: 1) The hair yield reached the maximum and the feed/wool ratio was relatively low when Cu was added at the level of 5 mg·kg^-1 (P < 0.01), but it had no significant effect on the average daily feed intake of Angora rabbits (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the addition of 40 mg·kg^-1 copper significantly increased the breaking strength F, breaking strength P and breaking work W (P < 0.01), significantly affected the elongation and elongation rate (P < 0.05), and improved the quality of rabbit hair. 3) Dietary copper concentration significantly increased the secondary hair follicle density (P < 0.01) and total hair follicle density (P < 0.05), and the total hair follicle density and secondary hair follicle density reached the maximum when the amount of copper was 5 mg·kg^-1. Dietary copper (5 mg·kg^-1) significantly increased the expression of Wnt10b and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (P < 0.01), and significantly increased the expression of keratin-related protein 6-1 gene (Kap6.1) (P < 0.05). The expression of mTOR reached the maximum at the copper addition of 40 mg·kg^-1. Copper addition had no significant effect on the gene expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) (P>0.05). In conclusion, dietary Cu supplementation can improve hair production performance, improve hair quality, and promote hair follicle development in Angora rabbits, which may be regulated by Wnt10b, mTOR and Kap6.1 genes. Under the conditions of this experiment, 13.72 mg·kg^-1 copper level in the diet of Angora rabbits is the most suitable.

Key words: Angora rabbit, copper, performance of production, hair follicle development

中图分类号:

S829.1

王小松, 李冬, 李淑, 陈佳力, 刘永需, 赵红, 李福昌, 刘磊. 不同饲粮铜水平对安哥拉兔生产性能及毛囊发育的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(7): 3032-3039.

Xiaosong WANG, Dong LI, Shu LI, Jiali CHEN, Yongxu LIU, Hong ZHAO, Fuchang LI, Lei LIU. Effects of Dietary Different Copper Levels on Production Performance and Hair Follicle Development in Angora Rabbits[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(7): 3032-3039.

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日粮原料组成 Feed composition	含量 Content	营养水平 Nutritive value²⁾	含量 Content
玉米Corn	19	消化能/(MJ·kg^-1) DE	10.09
豆粕Soybean meal	18	粗蛋白质CP	14.98
麸皮Bran	18	粗脂肪EE	1.33
花生秧Peanut seedlings	25	粗灰分Ash	11.03
豆秸Bean straw	10	干物质DM	88.79
苜蓿草Alfalfa grass	6	酸性洗涤纤维ADF	24.60
不含铜预混料No copper premix¹⁾	4	中性洗涤纤维NDF	32.74
合计Total	100	钙Ca	1.95
		磷P	0.37

基因 Gene name	序列号 Accession number	引物序列(5′→3′) Primers sequence(5′→3′)	产物大小/bp Product size
GAPDH	NM_001082253	F: TGCCACCCACTCCTCTACCTTCG R: CGAAGGTAGGGATGGGTGGCA	118
TGF-β1	NM_008249704.1	F: TCTGTGGGTACCTTGATGCCA R: GTTCAGCCACTCTGGCTTTTG	152
TGF-β2	NM_001082660.1	F: TCTGTGGGTACCTTGATGCCA R: GTTCAGCCACTCTGGCTTTTG	108
Wnt10b	XM_002711076.2	F: CCATCCTCAAGCGCGGTTTC R: CCTGAGCCGATCCTGTTCAC	152
EGF	NM_001082660.1	F: GCTATGTCTGCCACTGCTCA R: GCGGAACAGAATCAGGGCAA	118
mTOR	NM_001386500.1	F: CTTAGAGGACAGCGGGGAAG R: TCCTTTAATATTCGCGCGGC	111

项目 Item	铜添加水平/(mg·kg^－1) Copper addition levels					P值 P-value
项目 Item	0	5	10	20	40	P值 P-value
平均日采食量/(g·d^－1)ADF	177.89±3.54	184.05±2.56	177.90±1.99	185.35±2.41	174.03±4.25	0.078 5
产毛量/g Rabbit hair yield	297.67±2.29^c	327.00±3.95^a	313.67±2.16^b	314.67±2.23^b	315.50±1.98^b	< 0.000 1
料毛比Feed/Wool ratio	45.43±0.34^a	42.8±0.51^bc	43.12±0.30^b	44.78±0.32^a	41.93±0.27^c	< 0.000 1

项目 Item	铜添加水平/(mg·kg^－1) Copper addition levels					P值 P-value
项目 Item	0	5	10	20	40	P值 P-value
纤维细度/μm Fiber fineness	13.55±0.37	13.74±0.22	13.47±0.28	14.02±0.35	14.11±0.22	0.454 3
断裂强力F/cN Breaking strength F	3.28±0.12^b	3.23±0.14^b	3.47±0.16^b	3.35±0.13^b	3.96±0.08^a	0.002 6
伸长L/mm Elongation L	3.99±0.15^b	4.26±0.04^ab	4.33±0.07^a	4.24±0.10^ab	4.41±0.06^a	0.039 1
断裂强度P/(Cn·dtex^－1) Breaking strength P	0.32±0.001 3^b	0.32±0.001 4^b	0.34±0.016^b	0.33±0.013^b	0.39±0.009 2^a	0.004 1
伸长率/% E Elongation/% E	40.01±1.51^b	42.63±0.40^ab	43.28±0.67^a	42.4±0.99^ab	44.15±0.61^a	0.041 6
断裂功W/μJ Breaking work W	96.52±4.39^b	98.44±4.17^b	106.63±5.28^b	102.62±5.38^b	123.71±3.23^a	0.001 3
粗毛率(重量比)/% Gross hair ratio (weight ratio)	5.94±0.60^ab	5.78±0.43^ab	4.14±0.93^b	3.51±0.57^b	8.14±1.26^a	0.003

项目 Item	铜添加水平/(mg·kg^－1) Copper addition levels					P值 P-value
项目 Item	0	5	10	20	40	P值 P-value
总毛囊密度 Total follicle density	722.51±65.90^b	933.23±10.98^a	807.97±46.00^ab	881.6±22.58^a	869.00±45.63^a	0.046 2
初级毛囊密度 Primary follicle density	17.79±3.89	21.68±5.55	15.27±1.73	17.40±2.13	13.44±1.81	0.527 5
次级毛囊密度 Secondary follicle density	643.80±12.92^b	901.61±13.08^a	796.55±38.71^a	877.88±14.95^a	816.28±50.62^a	0.002 1
次初比/% S/P	45.16±5.33	39.18±10.43	48.65±7.07	39.58±1.60	45.96±3.64	0.824 9

不同饲粮铜水平对安哥拉兔生产性能及毛囊发育的影响

Effects of Dietary Different Copper Levels on Production Performance and Hair Follicle Development in Angora Rabbits

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项目 Item	铜添加水平/(mg·kg^－1) Copper addition levels					P值 P-value
项目 Item	0	5	10	20	40	P值 P-value
Wnt10b	1±0.17^c	2.55±0.26^a	1.42±0.27^bc	1.29±0.14^ab	1.9±0.31^ab	0.003 2
mTOR	1±0.3^b	4.84±1.41^a	3.19±1.04^ab	1.17±0.09^b	5.01±1.19^a	0.003 7
Kap6.1	1±0.23^c	4.18±1.14^a	2.32±0.36^bc	2.28±0.19^bc	2.91±0.72^ab	0.012 2
EGF	1±0.27	0.95±0.38	1.16±0.59	0.86±0.37	0.37±0.03	0.726 2
TGF-β1	1±0.15	0.66±0.10	0.91±0.15	0.7±0.2	0.67±0.07	0.271 6
TGF-β2	1±0.19	0.88±0.06	0.91±0.07	0.75±0.3	0.83±0.07	0.433 0