添加过瘤胃氨基酸低蛋白质饲粮对呼伦贝尔羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及肉品质的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.06.021

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (6): 2498-2509.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.06.021

添加过瘤胃氨基酸低蛋白质饲粮对呼伦贝尔羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及肉品质的影响

罗志斌¹^,²(), 欧慧敏¹^,², 李建中², 谭支良¹, 焦金真¹^,*()

1. 中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室畜禽养殖污染控制与资源化技术国家工程实验室湖南省动物营养生理与代谢过程重点实验室，长沙 410125
2. 湖南师范大学生命科学学院动物肠道功能湖南省重点实验室，长沙 410081

收稿日期:2023-08-25 出版日期:2024-06-23 发布日期:2024-06-28
通讯作者: 焦金真 E-mail:1851375407@qq.com;jjz@isa.ac.cn
作者简介:罗志斌(1999-)，男，湖南娄底人，硕士生，主要从事反刍动物营养研究，E-mail: 1851375407@qq.com
基金资助:
中国科学院国际伙伴计划项目(161343KYSB20200015);广西省自然科学基金面上项目(2023GXNSFAA026107)

Effects of Low Protein Diet Supplemented with Rumen-protected Amino Acids on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Meat Quality of Hulun Buir Sheep

Zhibin LUO¹^,²(), Huimin OU¹^,², Jianzhong LI², Zhiliang TAN¹, Jinzhen JIAO¹^,*()

1. Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Utilization Technology of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agricultural Ecological Process, Institute of Subtropical Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
2. Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China

Received:2023-08-25 Online:2024-06-23 Published:2024-06-28
Contact: Jinzhen JIAO E-mail:1851375407@qq.com;jjz@isa.ac.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究低蛋白质日粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPMet)和过瘤胃赖氨酸(RPLys)对呼伦贝尔羊生长性能、养分表观消化率、血清生化及肉品质的影响。选择2.5月龄断奶健康羔羊16只，编号后随机等分为2组，分别为对照组(Control group，饲喂低蛋白质日粮，粗蛋白质含量为7.84%)和试验组(Treatment group，在低蛋白质日粮基础上补充10 g·d^-1 RPMet和15 g·d^-1 RPLys)。预试期7 d，正试期56 d。结果显示：1)试验组的平均日采食量较对照组显著降低(P＜0.05)，但其平均日增高显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)，试验组的料重比较对照组有降低的趋势。2)两组间的屠宰性能和养分表观消化率均无显著差异(P＞0.05)。3)试验组血清中的总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、肌酐(CREA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)，游离脂肪酸(NEFA)含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。4)两组间背肌的肉色、常规营养成分、脂肪酸组成和含量无显著差异(P＞0.05)。试验组肌肉中苏氨酸(Thr)含量较对照组显著升高(P＜0.05)，异亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)、酪氨酸(Tyr)的含量较对照组显著降低(P＜0.05)，试验组肌肉中风味氨基酸和必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例(DAA/TAA、EAA/TAA)显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)，必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的比值(EAA/NAA)显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。综上，在本试验条件下，低蛋白质饲粮中添加10 g·d^-1 RPMet和15 g·d^-1 RPLys对呼伦贝尔羊的生长发育有积极作用，且不会影响其养分消化率和屠宰性能，并能增加肌肉中的风味氨基酸和必需氨基酸的占比，提升羊肉的风味和营养价值。

关键词: 低蛋白质饲粮, 过瘤胃氨基酸, 呼伦贝尔羊, 生长性能, 血清生化, 肉品质

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary rumen-protected lysine (RPLys) and rumen-protected methionine (RPMet) supplemented in low-protein diet on growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum biochemistry and meat quality of Hulun Buir sheep. Sixteen 2.5-month-old weaned healthy lambs were randomly divided into two groups evenly: control group (fed low protein diet with crude protein content of 7.84%) and treatment group (supplemented with 10 g·d^-1 RPMet and 15 g·d^-1 RPLys on the basis of low protein diet). The pretrial period lasted for 7 d and the experimental period lasted for 56 d. The results showed that: 1)The average daily feed intake of treatment group was significantly lower (P < 0.05), but its average daily height increase was significantly higher (P < 0.05), and feed to gain ratio of treatment group was lower than that of control group. 2) There was no significant difference in slaughter performance or nutrient apparent digestibility between two groups (P > 0.05). 3) The contents of total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), creatinine (CREA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) in the serum of treatment group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05), and the content of free fatty acid (NEFA) was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of the control group. 4) There was no significant difference in meat color, conventional nutrients, the composition and content of fatty acid between the two groups (P > 0.05). The content of threonine (Thr) in muscle of treatment group was significantly higher (P < 0.05), and the contents of isoleucine (Ile), leucine (Leu), tyrosine (Tyr) were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The proportion of flavor amino acids and essential amino acids in total amino acids (DAA/TAA, EAA/TAA) in muscle of treatment group were significantly higher (P < 0.05), and the ratio of essential amino acids to non-essential amino acids (EAA/NAA) was significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, under the condition of the current experiment, adding 10 g·d^-1 RPMet and 15 g·d^-1 RPLys into the low protein diet has a positive effect on the growth and development of Hulun Buir sheep, and without affecting its nutrient digestibility and slaughter performance. It can also increase the proportion of delicious amino acids and essential amino acids in muscle and improve muscle quality.

Key words: low-protein diet, rumen-protected amino acid, Hulun Buir sheep, growth performance, serum biochemistry, meat quality

中图分类号:

S816.4

罗志斌, 欧慧敏, 李建中, 谭支良, 焦金真. 添加过瘤胃氨基酸低蛋白质饲粮对呼伦贝尔羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及肉品质的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(6): 2498-2509.

Zhibin LUO, Huimin OU, Jianzhong LI, Zhiliang TAN, Jinzhen JIAO. Effects of Low Protein Diet Supplemented with Rumen-protected Amino Acids on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Meat Quality of Hulun Buir Sheep[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(6): 2498-2509.

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项目 Item	含量/% Content
原料Ingredient
苜蓿Alfalfa	15.00
燕麦草Oat grass	20.00
玉米Corn	50.20
麦麸Wheat bran	10.60
碳酸钙CaCO₃	0.50
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	1.00
预混料Premix¹⁾	2.00
食盐NaCl	0.50
氧化镁MgO	0.20
合计Total	100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels
干物质DM	94.90
粗蛋白质CP	7.84
粗脂肪EE	2.51
中性洗涤纤维NDF	40.13
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	17.97
代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) ME²⁾	10.04
总能/(MJ·kg^-1) GE	17.81

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
平均日采食量/g ADFI	857.46^a	783.89^b	22.27	0.04
平均日增重/g ADG	135.97	132.81	4.87	0.66
平均日增高/cm ADH	0.10^b	0.15^a	0.01	0.04
平均日增长/cm ADL	0.08	0.08	0.01	0.87
料重比F/G	6.35	5.92	0.16	0.09

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
胴体重/kg Carcass weight	11.34	12.16	0.44	0.38
心重/kg Heart weight	0.10	0.11	0.00	0.08
肝重/kg Liver weight	0.40	0.42	0.01	0.54
脾重/kg Spleen weight	0.03	0.04	0.00	0.07
肺重/kg Lung weight	0.23	0.25	0.01	0.40
肾重/kg Kidney weight	0.07	0.07	0.00	0.27
腹膘厚度/cm Abdominal fat thickness	3.02	3.52	0.29	0.41
背膘厚度/cm Back fat thickness	1.79	1.73	0.16	0.84
眼肌面积/mm² Loin eye area	805.38	823.01	53.37	0.88

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
干物质DM	74.05	71.92	2.05	0.32
粗脂肪EE	68.98	67.44	4.71	0.75
粗蛋白质CP	63.54	62.79	2.11	0.44
中性洗涤纤维NDF	70.90	70.52	1.71	0.83
酸性洗涤纤维ADF	64.13	63.03	2.47	0.67

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
总蛋白/(g·L^-1)TP	72.90^a	60.38^b	3.15	0.04
白蛋白/(g·L^-1)ALB	32.95^a	25.24^b	1.83	0.03
尿素氮/(mmol·L^-1) BUN	4.27	4.60	0.41	0.71
肌酐/(μmol·L^-1) CREA	68.17^a	54.38^b	3.08	0.02
血糖/(mmol·L^-1) GLU	4.62	4.42	0.13	0.46
总胆红素/(μmol·L^-1) TBIL	1.45	1.16	0.12	0.26
谷丙转氨酶/(U·L^-1) ALT	22.30^a	12.83^b	1.18	＜0.01
谷草转氨酶/(U·L^-1) AST	114.50	107.16	7.29	0.64
碱性磷酸酶/(U·L^-1) ALP	292.00	273.11	28.66	0.76
乳酸脱氢酶/(U·L^-1) LDH	598.67^a	422.00^b	34.17	＜0.01
总甘油三酯/(mmol·L^-1) TG	0.28	0.27	0.02	0.81
总胆固醇/(mmol·L^-1) CHOL	1.86	1.58	0.12	0.27
游离脂肪酸/(mmol·L^-1) NEFA	0.07^b	0.10^a	0.01	0.04
低密度脂蛋白/(mmol·L^-1) LDL	0.69^a	0.43^b	0.06	0.03
高密度脂蛋白/(mmol·L^-1) HDL	1.28	0.92	0.10	0.06

添加过瘤胃氨基酸低蛋白质饲粮对呼伦贝尔羊生长性能、养分表观消化率及肉品质的影响

Effects of Low Protein Diet Supplemented with Rumen-protected Amino Acids on Growth Performance, Nutrient Apparent Digestibility and Meat Quality of Hulun Buir Sheep

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项目 Item	氨基酸AA	对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
鲜味氨基酸UAA	Asp天冬氨酸^*	20.93	16.18	1.85	0.09
	Glu谷氨酸^*	90.81	85.91	11.08	0.76
甜味氨基酸SAA	Thr苏氨酸^*#	83.92^b	116.15^a	9.75	0.04
	Ser丝氨酸^*	13.24	14.87	1.11	0.33
	Pro脯氨酸^*	9.01	6.82	1.09	0.20
	Gly甘氨酸^*	46.65	49.25	4.42	0.70
	Ala丙氨酸^*	107.69	95.10	5.83	0.15
苦味氨基酸BAA	Val缬氨酸	10.34	8.22	0.72	0.06
	Met蛋氨酸^#	2.44	1.59	0.39	0.15
	Ile异亮氨酸^#	5.12^a	3.74^b	0.40	0.03
	Leu亮氨酸^#	9.43^a	6.67^b	0.67	0.01
	Tyr酪氨酸	14.21^a	12.16^b	0.46	0.02
	Phe苯丙氨酸^#	6.86	6.27	0.54	0.46
	Lys赖氨酸^#	12.68	12.54	1.65	0.96
	His组氨酸^#	10.05	7.64	0.80	0.06
	Arg精氨酸	17.16	13.59	2.87	0.44
其他Other	Cys半胱氨酸	0.97	1.18	0.25	0.59
必需氨基酸EAA		130.49	154.61	10.58	0.14
非必需氨基酸NAA		345.47	312.92	26.83	0.41
风味氨基酸DAA		386.70	393.92	30.03	0.87
总氨基酸TAA		475.96	467.53	33.66	0.86
风味氨基酸/总氨基酸/% DAA/TAA		81.05^b	84.05^a	0.83	0.02
必需氨基酸/非必需氨基酸/% EAA/NAA		38.57^b	50.32^a	3.07	0.02
必需氨基酸/总氨基酸/% EAA/TAA		27.75^b	33.13^a	1.42	0.02

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项目 Item		对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
水分Moisture/%		76.79	77.65	0.35	0.11
粗蛋白质CP/%		73.28	72.97	0.87	0.80
粗脂肪EE/%		8.63	8.53	0.74	0.92
肉色Meat color	亮度L^*	35.11	33.46	1.16	0.50
	红度a^*	16.47	15.56	0.62	0.49
	黄度b^*	1.50	1.53	0.18	0.96

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	试验组 Treatment group	均值标椎误 SEM	P值 P-value
饱和脂肪酸SFA	50.37	50.25	0.98	0.94
棕榈酸Cl6:0	26.36	26.19	0.64	0.85
硬脂酸C18:0	18.27	17.83	0.59	0.61
肉豆蔻酸C14:0	3.41	3.60	0.27	0.62
十七烷酸C17:0	0.99	1.14	0.09	0.32
木蜡酸C24:0	0.50	0.53	0.1	0.84
十五烷酸C15:0	0.32	0.38	0.04	0.24
月桂酸C12:0	0.23	0.27	0.03	0.36
葵酸C10:0	0.19	0.210	0.01	0.11
花生酸C20:0	0.09	0.1	0.01	0.56
单不饱和脂肪酸MUFA	42.53	41.45	1.01	0.47
油酸C18:1n9c	40.25	39.00	0.98	0.38
棕榈油酸C16:1	1.73	1.88	0.06	0.10
反油酸C18:1n9t	0.35	0.35	0.01	0.88
肉豆蔻油酸C14:1	0.11	0.14	0.01	0.06
花生一烯酸C20:1	0.09	0.09	0.01	0.35
多不饱和脂肪酸PUFA	7.10	8.36	0.76	0.28
亚油酸C18:2n6c	4.00	4.48	0.34	0.35
花生四烯酸C20:4n6	2.34	3.06	0.38	0.24
α-亚麻酸C18:3n3	0.39	0.36	0.04	0.63
二十二碳三烯酸C22:6n3	0.16	0.18	0.02	0.35
二十碳三烯酸C20:3n6	0.15	0.2	0.02	0.19
γ-亚麻酸Cl8:3n6	0.07	0.08	0.01	0.31
饱和脂肪酸/不饱和脂肪酸SFA/UFA	1.03	1.01	0.04	0.82
多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸PUFA/SFA	0.14	0.17	0.02	0.36