氨基葡萄糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.07.042

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究氨基葡萄糖(GlcN)对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响。选取250头体重相近的21日龄健康“杜×长×大”断奶仔猪，随机分为5个处理组，每组5个重复，试验期35 d。分别饲喂基础日粮(NC组)、基础日粮+金霉素75 mg·kg^-1(PC组)、基础日粮+ GlcN 1 g·kg^-1(G1组)、基础日粮+ GlcN 2 g·kg^-1(G2组)和基础日粮+ GlcN 3 g·kg^-1(G3组)。结果表明：1)与NC组相比，其余各组第15~35天和第1~35天ADFI与ADG显著提高，G1、G2和G3组第1~35天腹泻率显著降低(P < 0.05)。2)与NC组相比，第14天，其余各组血清MDA水平显著降低，G1、G2和G3组血清CAT活力显著提高(P < 0.05)；G2组血清IL-1β水平和G1组血清TNF-α水平显著降低(P < 0.05)。第35天，其余各组血清MDA水平显著降低，血清CAT活力显著提高，G2和G3组血清T-AOC显著提高(P < 0.05)；G1组血清IL-10水平显著提高、PC组和G1组血清IL-1β水平显著降低(P < 0.05)。3)与NC组相比，第35天，PC、G1和G3组血清A/G显著提高、其余各组血清AST水平显著降低(P < 0.05)。综上所述，GlcN能够提高断奶仔猪的生长性能、降低腹泻率，增强抗氧化能力和免疫功能，添加剂量以1 g·kg^-1为宜，其使用效果优于75 mg·kg^-1的金霉素。

关键词: 氨基葡萄糖, 断奶仔猪, 生长性能, 抗氧化, 免疫, 血清生化

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of glucosamine (GlcN) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immune function of weaned piglets. Two hundred and fifty 21-day-old healthy Duroc×Landrance×Yorkshire weaned piglets of similar weight were selected and randomly divided into 5 treatment groups with 5 replicates in each group. The basal diet (NC group), the basal diet+chlortetracycline 75 g·kg^-1 (PC group), the basal diet+GlcN 1 g·kg^-1 (G1 group), the basal diet+GlcN 2 g·kg^-1 (G2 group) and the basal diet+GlcN 3 g·kg^-1 (G3 group) were fed respectively for 35 days. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the NC group, the ADFI and ADG of day 15 to 35 and day 1 to 35 of the other four groups were increased significantly, and the diarrhea rate of day 1 to 35 in G1, G2 and G3 groups were decreased significantly (P < 0.05). 2) Compared with the NC group, the serum MDA levels of the other four groups were significantly reduced, the serum CAT activity in the G1, G2 and G3 groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05); the serum IL-1β levels of the G2 group and the serum TNF-α levels of the G1 group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) at day 14. The serum MDA levels were significantly decreased and the serum CAT activity were significantly increased in the other four groups, and the serum T-AOC in the G2 and G3 groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05); the serum IL-10 levels in the G1 group was significantly increased, and the serum IL-1β levels in the PC group and the G1 group were significantly reduced (P < 0.05) at day 35. 3) Compared with the NC group, the serum A/G in the PC, G1 and G3 groups were significantly increased, and the serum AST levels in the other four groups were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) at day 35. In summary, GlcN can improve the growth performance, reduce diarrhea rate, enhance antioxidant capacity, and immune function in weaned piglets. The appropriate dosage of GlcN is 1 g·kg^-1, and its effect is better than 75 mg·kg^-1 chlortetracycline.

Key words: glucosamine, weaned piglets, growth performance, antioxidant, immunity, serum biochemistry

中图分类号:

S828.5

刘彬, 刘彦, 郑琛, 冯涛. 氨基葡萄糖对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(7): 3246-3254.

Bin LIU, Yan LIU, Chen ZHENG, Tao FENG. Effects of Glucosamine on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immune Function in Weaned Piglets[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(7): 3246-3254.

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项目Item	第1~14天 Day 1 to 14	第15~35天 Day 15 to 35
原料Ingredient
玉米Corn	53.00	60.00
大豆粕Soybean meal	20.00	20.50
膨化大豆Extruded soybean	10.60	8.00
鱼粉Fish meal	4.00	3.50
乳清粉Dried whey	7.50	4.00
大豆油Soybean oil	1.00	0.40
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐L-Lys·HCl	0.42	0.40
DL-蛋氨酸DL-Met	0.15	0.10
L-苏氨酸L-Thr	0.10	0.08
L-色氨酸L-Trp	0.03	0.02
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	1.10	0.90
石粉Limestone	0.80	0.80
食盐NaCl	0.30	0.30
预混料Premix¹⁾	1.00	1.00
合计Total	100.00	100.00
营养水平Nutrient levels²⁾
消化能/(MJ·kg^-1) DE	14.47	14.24
粗蛋白CP	20.54	19.67
钙Ca	0.82	0.73
总磷TP	0.71	0.65
赖氨酸Lys	1.50	1.40
蛋氨酸Met	0.50	0.44
苏氨酸Thr	0.92	0.85
色氨酸Trp	0.27	0.25

项目Item	组别Group					SEM	P值 P-value
项目Item	NC组 NC group	PC组 PC group	G1组 G1 group	G2组 G2 group	G3组 G3 group	SEM	P值 P-value
体重/kg Body weight
第1天Day 1	7.22	7.23	7.24	7.23	7.24	0.05	1.000
第14天Day 14	10.14	9.71	10.24	10.37	10.23	0.10	0.314
第35天Day 35	18.74^c	20.26^b	20.90^a	20.70^ab	20.65^ab	0.18	< 0.001
平均日采食量/g ADFI
第1~14天Day 1 to 14	292.86	292.86	292.86	292.86	292.86	3.85	1.000
第15~35天Day 15 to 35	649.52^c	684.76^b	722.86^a	621.90^a	722.86^a	6.92	< 0.001
第1~35天Day 1 to 35	506.86^c	528.00^b	550.86^a	550.29^a	550.86^a	4.01	< 0.001
平均日增重/g ADG
第1~14天Day 1 to 14	208.43	177.29	214.36	223.79	214.14	5.78	0.148
第15~35天Day 15 to 35	409.33^b	502.25^a	507.67^a	492.24^a	496.15^a	9.30	< 0.001
第1~35天Day 1 to 35	328.97^b	372.27^a	390.34^a	384.86^a	383.34^a	5.28	0.001
料重比F/G
第1~14天Day 1 to 14	1.41^b	1.66^a	1.38^b	1.33^b	1.36^b	0.04	0.022
第15~35天Day 15 to 35	1.59^a	1.37^b	1.43^b	1.47^ab	1.47^ab	0.02	0.016
第1~35天Day 1 to 35	1.54	1.42	1.41	1.43	1.44	0.02	0.058
腹泻率/% DR
第1~14天Day 1 to 14	20.14^a	19.43^a	13.00^b	12.71^b	12.57^b	0.01	< 0.001
第15~35天Day 15 to 35	5.24^a	4.95^a	2.76^b	4.10^ab	4.57^a	0.00	0.013
第1~35天Day 1 to 35	11.20^a	10.97^a	6.86^c	7.54^bc	7.77^b	0.00	< 0.001

项目Item	组别Group					SEM	P值 P-value
项目Item	NC组 NC group	PC组 PC group	G1组 G1 group	G2组 G2 group	G3组 G3 group	SEM	P值 P-value
第14天Day 14
MDA/(nmol·mL^-1)	10.56^a	6.89^b	4.44^b	4.59^b	7.48^b	0.67	0.011
CAT/(U·mL^-1)	4.68^d	5.51^cd	7.09^a	6.63^ab	5.94^bc	0.20	< 0.001
GSH-Px/(U·mL^-1)	304.22^b	321.62^ab	317.18^ab	316.85^ab	324.29^a	2.86	0.031
T-SOD/(U·mL^-1)	23.43	22.37	25.65	25.48	25.31	0.56	0.244
T-AOC/(U·mL^-1)	0.22^b	0.23^b	0.29^a	0.20^b	0.19^b	0.01	0.006
IL-6/(pg·mL^-1)	202.05	195.02	197.94	198.92	206.07	1.93	0.459
IL-10/(pg·mL^-1)	194.82	195.07	194.09	188.74	198.08	1.83	0.634
IL-1β/(pg·mL^-1)	885.12^a	891.03^a	877.29^a	841.41^b	858.26^ab	5.65	0.017
TNF-α/(pg·mL^-1)	185.65^a	180.16^ab	169.55^b	181.38^ab	177.56^ab	2.13	0.019
第35天Day 35
MDA/(nmol·mL^-1)	44.18^a	24.38^b	6.33^c	9.86^c	16.93^bc	2.47	< 0.001
CAT/(U·mL^-1)	4.92^b	6.20^a	6.91^a	6.15^a	6.34^a	0.17	0.003
GSH-Px/(U·mL^-1)	314.24	314.24	345.11	316.12	353.06	8.17	0.385
T-SOD/(U·mL^-1)	27.66^b	26.25^b	35.57^a	28.70^b	28.41^b	0.81	< 0.001
T-AOC/(U·mL^-1)	0.42^c	0.47^b	0.45^bc	0.46^b	0.50^a	0.01	0.002
IL-6/(pg·mL^-1)	210.89	206.91	209.57	206.81	206.05	2.40	0.971
IL-10/(pg·mL^-1)	183.79^b	183.38^b	197.68^a	189.12^ab	191.95^ab	1.69	0.024
IL-1β/(pg·mL^-1)	885.74^a	843.76^b	822.38^b	847.41^ab	858.76^ab	6.72	0.032
TNF-α/(pg·mL^-1)	178.18	180.01	183.28	169.38	168.87	3.34	0.588

项目Item	组别Group					SEM	P值 P-value
项目Item	NC组 NC group	PC组 PC group	G1组 G1 group	G2组 G2 group	G3组 G3 group	SEM	P值 P-value
第14天Day 14
TP/(g·L^-1)	47.05	47.20	49.15	46.82	46.86	0.93	0.940
ALB/(g·L^-1)	10.57	21.01	22.22	20.82	20.98	0.41	0.776
GLB/(g·L^-1)	26.47	26.19	26.93	26.00	25.88	0.60	0.987
A/G	0.77	0.81	0.83	0.80	0.82	0.02	0.851
TC/(mmol·L^-1)	1.81	1.82	1.92	1.88	1.88	0.04	0.921
HDL-C/(mmol·L^-1)	0.57	0.58	0.66	0.62	0.61	0.01	0.377
LDL-C/(mmol·L^-1)	0.93	0.93	0.93	0.94	0.95	0.03	1.000
CREA/(μmol·L^-1)	137.7^ab	126.33^b	144.47^a	130.70^ab	141.97^a	2.40	0.023
UREA/(mg·dL^-1)	10.72	9.94	10.15	10.22	9.05	0.36	0.711
AST/(U·L^-1)	76.37^ab	85.02^a	58.02^ab	67.32^ab	53.95^b	4.64	0.037
ALT/(U·L^-1)	61.37	64.37	48.35	52.29	44.18	3.76	0.408
第35天Day 35
TP/(g·L^-1)	55.38	56.51	55.71	55.02	55.19	0.75	0.980
ALB/(g·L^-1)	18.38^b	23.97^a	23.12^a	20.83^ab	22.53^ab	0.68	0.041
GLB/(g·L^-1)	37.00	32.54	32.59	34.19	32.66	0.73	0.239
A/G	0.50^b	0.74^a	0.72^a	0.62^ab	0.70^a	0.03	0.030
TC/(mmol·L^-1)	2.35	2.64	2.35	2.40	2.46	0.05	0.328
HDL-C/(mmol·L^-1)	0.70^b	0.86^a	0.69^b	0.68^b	0.78^ab	0.02	0.032
LDL-C/(mmol·L^-1)	1.26	1.35	1.30	1.30	1.25	0.03	0.823
CREA/(μmol·L^-1)	105.69^ab	112.12^a	99.35^b	100.04^ab	103.65^ab	1.91	0.049
UREA/(mg·dL^-1)	10.16^ab	11.53^a	8.39^b	10.73^ab	11.08^ab	0.46	0.034
AST/(U·L^-1)	90.12^a	54.77^b	60.04^b	67.96^b	62.71^b	3.67	0.011
ALT (U·L^-1)	61.12	54.46	54.12	52.29	56.29	2.00	0.719

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