饲粮添加大豆异黄酮对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.01.027

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (1): 295-306.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.01.027

饲粮添加大豆异黄酮对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产的影响

王贝贝¹^,²(), 武书庚¹^,², 张海华³, 张海军², 郝二英¹^,*(), 邱凯²^,*()

1. 河北农业大学动物科技学院, 保定 071000
2. 中国农业科学院饲料研究所国家生物饲料工程技术研究中心农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室, 北京 100081
3. 河北科技师范学院河北省特色动物种质资源挖掘与创新重点实验室, 秦皇岛 066004

收稿日期:2024-03-15 出版日期:2025-01-23 发布日期:2025-01-18
通讯作者: 郝二英,邱凯 E-mail:349844424@qq.com;277179119@qq.com;qiukai@caas.cn
作者简介:王贝贝(1990-)，女，河北石家庄人，硕士生，主要从事家禽营养调控研究，E-mail：349844424@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32272907)；国家自然科学基金项目(32202736)；河北省自然科学基金项目(C2022204149)；河北省现代农业产业技术体系蛋鸡肉鸡营养与饲料岗(HBCT2023210202)；中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程(ASTIP)

Effects of Dietary Soybean Isoflavone Supplementation on Production of Laying Hens in Late Laying Period

WANG Beibei¹^,²(), WU Shugeng¹^,², ZHANG Haihua³, ZHANG Haijun², HAO Erying¹^,*(), QIU Kai²^,*()

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
2. Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, National Engineering Research Center of Biological Feed, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
3. Hebei Key Laboratory of Specialty Animal Germplasm Resources Exploration and Innovation, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China

Received:2024-03-15 Online:2025-01-23 Published:2025-01-18
Contact: HAO Erying, QIU Kai E-mail:349844424@qq.com;277179119@qq.com;qiukai@caas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究饲粮添加三种不同大豆异黄酮(SIF)产品对产蛋后期蛋鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质、血清指标、卵巢功能和胫骨质量的影响。试验选取产蛋率相近的66周龄海兰褐蛋鸡432只，随机分为4个处理组，每组6个重复，每个重复18只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加1种大豆异黄酮产品，即SIF1、SIF2、SIF3。预试期1周，正试期8周。结果表明：1)与对照组相比，饲粮中添加SIF1和SIF3可显著提高1~4、5~8和1~8周的产蛋率(P < 0.05)；2)与对照组相比，饲粮中添加SIF1和SIF3可显著提高第4周和第8周鸡蛋的哈氏单位(P < 0.05)，饲粮添加SIF1可显著提高第8周鸡蛋的蛋白高度(P < 0.05)；3)与对照组相比，饲粮中添加SIF1可显著降低血清MDA含量(P < 0.05)，饲粮中添加SIF1和SIF3可显著提高血清中GSH-Px含量和E₂含量(P < 0.05)，饲粮中添加SIF3可显著增加血清P₄含量和血清Ca含量(P < 0.05)；4)与对照组相比，饲粮中添加SIF2和SIF3可显著增加卵泡总数、初级卵泡数、次级卵泡数和小白卵泡数(P < 0.05)；5)与对照组相比，饲粮中添加SIF1、SIF2和SIF3可显著提高胫骨钙和磷含量(P < 0.05)。综上，SIF可能通过增加卵巢卵泡数量，提高血清抗氧化能力、生殖激素含量和胫骨钙磷含量，进而改善产蛋后期蛋鸡生产性能和鸡蛋品质，不同SIF产品的改善效果有所差异。

关键词: 大豆异黄酮, 产蛋后期, 生产性能, 蛋品质, 蛋鸡

Abstract:

This experiment aimed to investigate the effects of three different kinds of soybean isoflavone (SIF) supplemented in diet on laying performance, egg quality, serum indexes, ovarian function and tibia quality of laying hens in late laying period. A total of 432 66-week-old Hyline brown laying hens with similar laying rate were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 6 replicates per group and 18 hens per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet, the three experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with one of the three soybean isoflavone products, respectively, namely SIF1, SIF2 and SIF3. The pre-trial period was 1 week and the trial period was 8 weeks. The results showed that: 1) Compared with the control group, dietary supplemented with SIF1 and SIF3 significantly increased the laying rate at weeks 1-4, 5-8 and 1-8 (P < 0.05); 2) Dietary supplemented with SIF1 and SIF3 significantly increased the Haugh unit at weeks 4 and 8 (P < 0.05) and dietary SIF1 significantly increased the egg protein height at week 8 (P < 0.05) compared to the control group; 3) Compared with the control group, dietary supplemented with SIF1 significantly decreased serum MDA content (P < 0.05), dietary SIF1 and SIF3 significantly increased the content of GSH-Px and E₂ in serum (P < 0.05), dietary SIF3 supplementation significantly increased serum P₄ content and serum Ca content (P < 0.05); 4) Dietary supplemented with SIF2 and SIF3 significantly increased the total number of follicles, the number of primary follicles, the number of secondary follicles, and the number of small white follicles (P < 0.05); 5) Dietary supplemented with SIF1, SIF2 and SIF3 significantly increased the content of calcium and phosphorus in tibia (P < 0.05). In conclusion, SIF may improve the performance and egg quality of laying hens in the late laying period by increasing the number of ovarian follicles, increasing the serum antioxidant capacity, the content of reproductive hormones and the content of calcium and phosphorus in tibia, and the improvement effects of different SIF products are different.

Key words: soybean isoflavone, late laying period, production performance, egg quality, laying hens

中图分类号:

S831.5

王贝贝, 武书庚, 张海华, 张海军, 郝二英, 邱凯. 饲粮添加大豆异黄酮对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(1): 295-306.

WANG Beibei, WU Shugeng, ZHANG Haihua, ZHANG Haijun, HAO Erying, QIU Kai. Effects of Dietary Soybean Isoflavone Supplementation on Production of Laying Hens in Late Laying Period[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(1): 295-306.

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	ZHOU Z L , HOU J F , TAO Q S , et al. Effects of daidzein on the incretion and bone metabolism in cage layers during later cycle[J]. Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science, 2007, 27 (3): 363- 365.

原料 Ingredient	含量 Content	营养水平 ²Nutrient level	含量 Content
玉米 Corn	63.72	代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) ME	11.27
43%豆粕 Soybean meal (43%)	25.40	粗蛋白 CP	16.50
石粉 Limestone	9.15	钙 Ca	3.50
DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met	0.18	总磷 Total phosphorus	0.49
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	0.95	有效磷 AP	0.29
食盐 NaCl	0.30	蛋氨酸+胱氨酸 Met+Cys	0.65
预混料¹ Premix	0.30	赖氨酸 Lys	0.79
合计 Total	100.00	苏氨酸 Thr	0.56
		色氨酸 Try	0.18

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	大豆异黄酮1 SIF1	大豆异黄酮2 SIF2	大豆异黄酮3 SIF3	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
1~4周 1-4 weeks
产蛋率/% Laying rate	83.04^b	86.83^a	85.41^ab	85.92^a	0.486	0.041
平均蛋重/g Average egg weight	63.93	63.10	62.70	63.64	0.313	0.538
平均日产蛋重/g Average daily egg weight	53.07	54.81	53.54	54.67	0.678	0.781
平均日采食量/g Average daily feed intake	124.67	122.93	123.43	122.44	0.664	0.699
料蛋比 Feed to egg ratio	2.37	2.29	2.32	2.26	0.029	0.643
5~8周 5-8 weeks
产蛋率/% Laying rate	79.51^b	82.48^a	81.21^ab	81.64^a	0.369	0.022
平均蛋重/g Average egg weight	63.25	63.25	62.13	63.53	0.291	0.348
平均日产蛋重/g Average daily egg weight	52.08	53.39	52.21	53.23	0.723	0.896
平均日采食量/g Average daily feed intake	113.37	113.13	112.81	113.54	0.546	0.848
料蛋比 Feed to egg ratio	2.27	2.20	2.25	2.23	0.029	0.857
1~8周 1-8 weeks
产蛋率/% Laying rate	81.27^b	84.65^a	83.31^ab	83.78^a	0.421	0.024
平均蛋重/g Average egg weight	63.59	63.17	62.46	63.58	0.291	0.5
平均日产蛋重/g Average daily egg weight	52.57	54.10	53.08	53.95	0.666	0.847
平均日采食量/g Average daily feed intake	119.02	118.03	118.25	117.99	0.477	0.878
料蛋比 Feed to egg ratio	2.32	2.24	2.28	2.24	0.027	0.674

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	大豆异黄酮1 SIF1	大豆异黄酮2 SIF2	大豆异黄酮3 SIF3	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
第4周 Week 4
蛋形指数 Egg index	1.33	1.33	1.32	1.32	0.004	0.443
蛋壳厚度/mm Eggshell thickness	0.39	0.40	0.38	0.39	0.005	0.291
蛋壳强度/N Eggshell strength	38.92	39.32	37.75	40.05	0.679	0.709
蛋白高度/mm Albumen height	6.55	6.99	6.72	6.84	0.072	0.161
蛋黄颜色 Yolk color	6.77	6.63	6.73	6.40	0.113	0.684
哈氏单位 Haugh unit	77.81^b	82.23^a	79.75^ab	81.32^a	0.553	0.015
第8周 Week 8
蛋形指数 Egg index	1.34	1.34	1.33	1.32	0.004	0.270
蛋壳厚度/mm Eggshell thickness	0.36	0.37	0.38	0.38	0.003	0.401
蛋壳强度/N Eggshell strength	36.07	36.47	37.05	37.64	0.676	0.873
蛋白高度/mm Albumen height	7.04^b	7.77^a	7.15^b	7.53^ab	0.104	0.036
蛋黄颜色 Yolk color	7.15	7.50	7.02	7.53	0.128	0.414
哈氏单位 Haugh unit	81.70^c	86.14^a	83.02^bc	85.34^ab	0.575	0.012

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	大豆异黄酮1 SIF1	大豆异黄酮2 SIF2	大豆异黄酮3 SIF3	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
丙二醛/(nmol·mL^-1) MDA	7.79^a	6.98^b	7.21^ab	7.63^a	0.112	0.028
谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶/(U·mL^-1) GSH-Px	406.66^b	4 331.40^a	3 906.54^b	4 358.40^a	54.862	0.003
超氧化物歧化酶/(U·mL^-1) SOD	90.78	91.46	92.56	93.14	2.085	0.949
总抗氧化能力/(mmol·L^-1) T-AOC	4.17	4.73	4.84	4.52	0.265	0.844

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	大豆异黄酮1 SIF1	大豆异黄酮2 SIF2	大豆异黄酮3 SIF3	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
雌二醇/(pg·mL^-1) E₂	47.10^c	56.92^a	48.44^bc	55.53^ab	1.558	0.036
黄体生成素/(mIU·mL^-1) LH	0.56	0.62	0.71	0.67	0.041	0.650
卵泡刺激素/(mIU·mL^-1) FSH	87.49	92.79	90.06	87.39	0.871	0.077
孕酮/(nmol·L^-1) P₄	16.41^b	16.89^b	14.92^b	19.54^a	0.568	0.005

饲粮添加大豆异黄酮对产蛋后期蛋鸡生产的影响

Effects of Dietary Soybean Isoflavone Supplementation on Production of Laying Hens in Late Laying Period

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项目 Item	对照组 Control group	大豆异黄酮1 SIF1	大豆异黄酮2 SIF2	大豆异黄酮3 SIF3	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
卵泡总数/10⁴个 Total follicle number	3.09^b	2.90^b	3.50^a	3.55^a	0.080	0.003
初级卵泡数/10⁴个 Primary follicle number	2.78^b	2.76^b	3.24^a	3.29^a	0.076	0.005
次级卵泡数/10³个 Secondary follicle number	2.35^b	2.30^b	2.56^a	2.57^a	0.035	0.001
次级卵泡萎缩率/% Secondary follicle shutting rate	5.60	5.50	5.17	4.88	0.114	0.098
小白卵泡数/个 Small white follicles number	76.05^b	74.28^b	80.98^a	79.53^a	0.701	< 0.001
大白卵泡数/个 Large white follicles number	14.36	16.04	14.53	14.98	0.247	0.060
小黄卵泡数/个 Small yellow follicle number	5.98	6.00	5.80	6.05	0.068	0.673
大黄卵泡数/个 Large yellow follicle number	5.12	4.93	5.32	5.36	0.063	0.086

项目 Item	对照组 Control group	大豆异黄酮1 SIF1	大豆异黄酮2 SIF2	大豆异黄酮3 SIF3	均值标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
胫骨长度/10²mm Tibia length	1.16	1.16	1.17	1.15	0.005	0.587
胫骨强度/10² N Tibia intensity	1.21	1.22	1.33	1.26	0.038	0.694
胫骨密度/(g·cm^-2)Tibia density	0.17	0.18	0.18	0.18	0.007	0.928
胫骨骨矿盐/(g·cm^-2)Tibia bone mineral salt	1.68	1.73	1.76	1.80	0.079	0.965
胫骨灰分/% Tibia ash	51.03	49.79	49.45	51.64	1.047	0.894
胫骨钙/% Tibia calcium	39.75^c	41.35^b	41.97^ab	42.34^a	0.257	< 0.001
胫骨磷/% Tibia phosphorus	17.60^b	18.04^a	18.18^a	18.29^a	0.075	< 0.001