纤维对白羽肉鸡生长性能、生理生化、胃肠结构和盲肠微生物的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.12.024

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (12): 5602-5619.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.12.024

纤维对白羽肉鸡生长性能、生理生化、胃肠结构和盲肠微生物的影响

陈鑫珠¹^,²^,³(), 岳稳¹, 方桂友¹, 缪伏荣¹, 黄庆祥², 林平冬¹, 李忠荣¹^,*(), 刘景¹^,*()

1. 福建省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所/福建省畜禽遗传育种重点实验室, 福州 350013
2. 福建倍思达生物有限公司, 泉州 362599
3. 福建福大百特科技发展有限公司博士后科研工作站, 福州 350007

收稿日期:2024-07-12 出版日期:2024-12-23 发布日期:2024-12-27
通讯作者: 李忠荣,刘景 E-mail:010622051@163.com;448655630@qq.com;184660569@qq.com
作者简介:陈鑫珠(1985-), 女, 福建龙岩人, 副研究员, 博士, 主要从事动物营养与饲料科学研究, E-mail: 010622051@163.com
基金资助:
福建省人民政府·中国农业科学院农业高质量发展“5511”协同创新工程项目(XTCXGC2021012;XTCXGC2021019)

Effects of Fibers on Growth Performance, Physiology and Biochemistry, Gastrointestinal Structure and Cecal Microflora of Broilers

CHEN Xinzhu¹^,²^,³(), YUE Wen¹, FANG Guiyou¹, MIAO Furong¹, HUANG Qingxiang², LIN Pingdong¹, LI Zhongrong¹^,*(), LIU Jing¹^,*()

1. Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Fuzhou 350013, China
2. Fujian Best Biological Co., LTD, Quanzhou 362599, China
3. Postdoctoral Programme of Fujian Fuda Biotech Co., Ltd., Fuzhou 350007, China

Received:2024-07-12 Online:2024-12-23 Published:2024-12-27
Contact: LI Zhongrong, LIU Jing E-mail:010622051@163.com;448655630@qq.com;184660569@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在探究不同纤维种类和添加水平对白羽肉鸡生长性能、鸡粪中氮代谢和粪纤维含量、血清生化指标、胃肠结构和盲肠微生物的影响，为肉鸡日粮中纤维的合理利用提供理论依据。研究选用体重为(47.07±0.26) g的1日龄圣泽“901”白羽肉鸡公雏360羽，随机分成6组，每组6个重复，每个重复10羽。各组饲粮情况分别为基础饲粮+1.5 kg·t^-1纤维样品1(T1组)、基础饲粮+2.5 kg·t^-1纤维样品1(T2组)、基础饲粮+150 g·t^-1纤维样品2(T3组)、基础饲粮+2 kg·t^-1纤维样品3(T4组)、基础饲粮+3 kg·t^-1纤维样品3(T5组)和基础饲粮(T6组)。试验分1~21 d和22~42 d两阶段，共42 d。结果表明: 与T6组相比，1) T2组22~42 d平均日采食量和1~42 d料重比分别显著提高了5.04%和3.07%(P < 0.05)，T3组22~42 d和1~42 d料重比分别显著提高了4.16%和3.68%(P < 0.05)，T5组21 d和42 d平均体重、1~21 d和1~42 d平均日增重以及22~42 d平均日采食量分别显著提高6.26%和4.93%、6.70%和5.02%以及4.87%(P < 0.05)；2) T1组21 d氮的摄入量和氮存留量、T4组21 d氮存留率、T5组21 d氮存留率和42 d氮存留量分别显著提高了11.24%和16.77%、6.18%、7.65%和9.95%(P < 0.05)，T5组21 d粪氮含量显著降低了6.87%(P < 0.05)；3) T1组42 d尿素氮和总抗氧化能力分别显著提高333.33%和57.14%(P < 0.05)，T2组21 d和42 d尿素氮含量分别显著提高375.00%和466.67%，21 d丙二醛含量显著降低17.69%(P < 0.05)，T3组21 d和42 d尿素氮分别显著提高350.00%和233.33%，21 d丙二醛含量显著降低15.58%，42 d总蛋白和低密度脂蛋白分别显著降低15.34%和20.00%，谷丙转氨酶显著提高了102.70%(P < 0.05)，T4组42 d葡萄糖含量显著提高35.36%(P < 0.05)，T5组21 d白蛋白、甘油三酯和丙二醛分别显著降低10.79%、25.45%和33.60%，42 d高密度脂蛋白和谷丙转氨酶分别显著提高25.32%和62.16%(P < 0.05)；4) T1组42 d回肠长度、T2组空肠重量和回肠长度、T3组空肠和回肠长度以及T5组回肠长度分别显著提高了5.04%、13.71%和19.26%、19.38%和21.84%以及23.18%(P < 0.05)；5) T3组42 d回肠绒毛高度显著降低29.20%(P < 0.05)，T5组42 d十二指肠和空肠隐窝深度分别显著提高116.67%和73.33%，十二指肠绒隐比显著降低48.02%(P < 0.05)；6) Alpha和Beta多样性分析各组间盲肠微生物种群结构有明显差异，21 d肠道微生物OTU种类和数量增加，其中以Bacteroides和Allstilpes中的Bacteroides fragilis A和Alistipes finegoldii丰富度最高，为优势属种，21 d Bacteroides和Bacteroides fragilis A丰富度最高，42 d Allstilpes和Alistipes finegoldii丰富度最高；KEGG通路功能预测分析其主要在碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢中发挥功能作用，其次是转运和复制与修复。由此可见，基础饲粮添加纤维可促进肉鸡的肠道发育、改善和稳定肠道菌群结构，提高营养物质利用率，从而提高日增重和采食量。在本试验条件下，添加3 kg·t^-1木之纤产品效果最佳。

关键词: 白羽肉鸡, 膳食纤维, 生长性能, 肠道结构, 肠道微生物

Abstract:

This trial was conducted to investigate the effect of different kind of fiber and different adding levels on growth performance, fecal nitrogen metabolism, fecal fiber content, serum biochemical index, the gastrointestinal structure and cecal microflora of broilers, in order to provide theoretical basis for the rational utilization of fiber in broilers' diet. Three hundred and sixty one-day-old healthy Shengze "901" male broilers with similar body weight (47.07±0.26 g) were randomly allotted into 6 groups with 6 replicates per group and 10 broilers per replicate. The broilers were randomly subjected to one of the following 6 treatments for 42 days with 2 periods: control group (T6 group) fed the basal diet, the addition groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1.5 kg·t^-1 fiber sample 1 (T1 group), 2.5 kg·t^-1 fiber sample 1 (T2 group), 150 g·t^-1 fiber sample 2 (T3 group), 2 kg·t^-1 fiber sample 3 (T4 group) and 3 kg·t^-1 fiber sample 3 (group T5), respectively. The results showed as follows: compared with T6 group, 1) The average daily feed intake (ADFI) for 22-42 d and the feed/gain (F/G) for 1-42 d in T2 group were significantly increased by 5.04% and 3.07% (P < 0.05) respectively, the F/G for 22-42 d and 1-42 d in T3 group were significantly increased by 4.16% and 3.68% (P < 0.05) respectively, and average body weight (ABW) for 21 d and 42 d, average daily gain (ADG) for 1-21 d and 1-42 d and ADFI for 22-42 d in T5 group were increased significantly by 6.26% and 4.93%, 6.70% and 5.02% and 4.87% (P < 0.05) respectively; 2) The nitrogen intake and retention (NI and NR) at 21 d in group T1, the nitrogen retention rate (NRR) at 21 d in group T4, the NRR at 21 d in group T5 and the NR at 42 d were significantly increased by 11.24% and 16.77%, 6.18%, 7.65% and 9.95%, respectively (P < 0.05). Fecal nitrogen content in T5 group at 21 d was significantly decreased by 6.87% (P < 0.05); 3) Urea nitrogen (UN) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) at 42 d in T1 group were significantly increased by 333.33% and 57.14% (P < 0.05) respectively, UR at 21 and 42 d in T2 group were significantly increased by 375.00% and 466.67% respectively, and malondialdehyde (MDA) at 21 d was significantly decreased by 17.69% (P < 0.05). In T3 group, UR at 21 and 42 d was significantly increased by 350.00% and 233.33% respectively, MDA at 21 d was significantly decreased by 15.58%, total protein (TP) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) at 42 d were significantly decreased by 15.34% and 20.00% respectively, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was significantly increased by 102.70% (P < 0.05). At 42 d, glucose content in T4 group was significantly increased by 35.36% (P < 0.05), and albumin (ALB), triglyceride (TG) and MDA at 21d in T5 group were significantly decreased by 10.79%, 25.45% and 33.60%, respectively. At 42 d, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and ALT were significantly increased by 25.32% and 62.16%, respectively (P < 0.05); 4) At 42 d, the ileum length (IL) in T1 group, the jejunum weight (JW) and IL in T2 group, the jejunum length (JL) and IL in T3 group and IL in T5 group were significantly increased by 5.04%, 13.71% and 19.26%, 19.38% and 21.84% and 23.18%, respectively (P < 0.05); 5) The villus height (VH) of ileum in T3 group was significantly decreased by 29.20% (P < 0.05) at 42 d, the crypt depth (CD) of duodenum and jejunum in T5 group were significantly increased by 116.67% and 73.33%, respectively, and the VH/CD of duodenum was significantly decreased by 48.02% (P < 0.05). 6) Alpha and Beta diversity analysis showed that caecum microflora has obvious difference between each group. The type and quantity of microbes OTU for 21 d was increased. Bacteroides fragilis A and Alistipes finegoldii in genus of Bacteroides and Allstilpes were the most abundant and were the dominant genera. Bacteroides and Bacteroides fragilis A were the highest richness at 21 days, and Allstilpes and Alistipes finegoldii were the highest richness at 42 days. It mainly played a functional role in carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism, and transport and replication and repair by KEGG pathway analysis. In conclusion, dietary fiber supplementation can promote intestinal development, improve and stabilize intestinal microflora, improve nutrient utilization, and thus increase daily gain and feed intake of broilers. Under the conditions of this experiment, adding 3 kg·t^-1 Muzhiqian product has the best effect.

Key words: white-feathered broiler, dietary fiber, growth performance, intestinal development, microflora

中图分类号:

S831.5

陈鑫珠, 岳稳, 方桂友, 缪伏荣, 黄庆祥, 林平冬, 李忠荣, 刘景. 纤维对白羽肉鸡生长性能、生理生化、胃肠结构和盲肠微生物的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(12): 5602-5619.

CHEN Xinzhu, YUE Wen, FANG Guiyou, MIAO Furong, HUANG Qingxiang, LIN Pingdong, LI Zhongrong, LIU Jing. Effects of Fibers on Growth Performance, Physiology and Biochemistry, Gastrointestinal Structure and Cecal Microflora of Broilers[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(12): 5602-5619.

图/表 13

表 1

表 2

表 3

表 4

表 5

不同纤维产品和添加水平对白羽肉鸡血清生化指标的影响"

项目Item	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6
21日龄21 days of age
总蛋白/(g·L^－1)TP	36.37±2.93	35.15±2.55	37.77±2.88	34.84±2.87	34.97±4.12	35.67±3.42
白蛋白/(g·L^－1)ALB	16.76±1.36^a	16.41±1.64^a	16.57±1.51^a	16.16±1.34^a	14.31±1.83^b	16.04±1.84^a
甘油三酯/(mmol·L^－1) TG	0.45±0.11^ab	0.43±0.07^ab	0.49±0.10^ab	0.48±0.16^ab	0.41±0.08^b	0.55±0.23^a
低密度脂蛋白/(mmol·L^－1) LDL-C	1.14±0.23	1.23±0.27	1.31±0.32	1.12±0.34	1.05±0.31	1.07±0.28
高密度脂蛋白/(mmol·L^－1) HDL-C	3.99±0.56	4.00±0.76	3.98±0.65	4.10±0.68	3.71±0.53	3.88±0.58
谷丙转氨酶/(U·L^－1) ALT	1.15±0.63	1.13±0.32	1.03±0.35	1.24±0.58	1.05±0.77	1.14±0.32
碱性磷酸酶/(U·L^－1) AKP	253.20±155.03	337.60±214.67	379.78±236.82	290.26±114.52	354.61±157.31	319.86±144.35
肌酐/(mmol·L^－1) CRE	15.57±6.76	11.01±2.17	15.71±7.43	11.88±6.25	15.10±6.23	15.09±10.01
尿素氮/(mmol·L^－1) BUN	0.16±0.06^ab	0.19±0.06^a	0.18±0.33^a	0.03±0.02^c	0.05±0.06^bc	0.04±0.05^bc
尿酸/(mmol·L^－1) UA	265.22±101.43^a	199.43±71.73^ab	212.90±76.69^ab	244.58±120.77^ab	179.88±48.21^b	240.29±76.55^ab
葡萄糖/(mmol·L^－1) GLU	15.25±1.21^a	14.84±1.93^ab	13.22±1.86^b	15.91±2.51^a	14.81±1.86^ab	14.32±1.87^ab
总胆固醇/(mmol·L^－1) T-CHO	3.93±0.42	4.11±0.54	4.17±0.50	4.12±0.38	3.80±0.47	3.89±0.60
丙二醛/(mmol·mL^－1) MDA	6.54±1.29^a	5.07±0.50^b	5.20±1.15^b	5.89±0.77^ab	4.09±1.29^c	6.16±0.86^a
总抗氧化能力/(mmoL·g^－1prot) T-AOC	0.30±0.23	0.37±0.29	0.24±0.24	0.25±0.21	0.34±0.27	0.41±0.24
42日龄42 days of age
总蛋白/(g·L^－1)TP	36.03±4.30^ab	34.69±2.90^ab	31.85±10.20^b	37.50±3.28^a	36.83±1.28^a	37.62±3.02^a
白蛋白/(g·L^－1)ALB	15.65±1.52	15.26±1.85	15.04±1.32	14.47±1.19	15.23±1.45	15.22±1.41
甘油三酯/(mmol·L^－1) TG	0.49±0.44	0.41±0.11	0.43±0.08	0.41±0.09	0.44±0.10	0.46±0.13
低密度脂蛋白/(mmol·L^－1) LDL-C	0.88±0.30^a	0.73±0.18^abc	0.68±0.21^c	0.69±0.13^bc	0.88±0.15^a	0.85±0.10^ab
高密度脂蛋白/(mmol·L^－1) HDL-C	3.22±0.39^b	3.38±0.53^ab	3.89±1.06^a	3.02±0.46^b	3.86±0.42^a	3.08±0.44^b
谷丙转氨酶/(U·L^－1) ALT	0.40±0.15^bc	0.55±0.37^abc	0.75±0.37^a	0.56±0.21^abc	0.60±0.19^ab	0.37±0.06^c
碱性磷酸酶/(U·L^－1) AKP	95.17±53.43^ab	88.95±58.02^ab	113.76±71.25^ab	67.06±40.08^b	126.79±61.30^a	105.23±58.14^ab
肌酐/(mmol·L^－1) CRE	10.77±6.92	9.17±3.26	10.56±5.89	7.93±2.47	9.73±4.62	8.19±2.74
尿素氮/(mmol·L^－1) BUN	0.13±0.05^b	0.17±0.07^a	0.10±0.04^c	0.02±0.02^e	0.06±0.02^d	0.03±0.03^de
尿酸/(mmol·L^－1) UA	270.56±67.93	314.0±195.56	222.40±69.17	252.54±67.76	249.13±69.64	306.78±69.93
葡萄糖/(mmol·L^－1) GLU	9.47±2.86^ab	9.55±4.51^ab	9.83±2.47^ab	12.02±1.94^a	11.07±2.91^ab	8.88±3.74^b
总胆固醇/(mmol·L^－1) T-CHO	3.85±1.50	3.51±0.45	3.28±0.26	3.38±0.25	3.55±0.32	3.55±0.37
丙二醛/(mmol·mL^－1) MDA	5.52±1.22	5.34±0.76	5.39±0.57	5.06±0.68	5.55±1.29	4.86±0.47
总抗氧化能力/(mmoL·g^－1prot) T-AOC	0.55±0.24^a	0.42±0.23^ab	0.29±0.17^b	0.38±0.21^ab	0.41±0.21^ab	0.35±0.17^b

表 5

表 6

表 7

不同纤维产品和添加水平对白羽肉鸡肠道结构的影响"

项目Item		T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6
21日龄21 days of age
十二指肠 Duodenum	绒毛高度/mm Villi height	1.15±0.17^b	1.25±0.11^ab	1.43±0.32^a	1.28±0.24^ab	1.44±0.17^a	1.28±0.15^ab
	隐窝深度/mm Crypt depth	0.14±0.04	0.13±0.03	0.11±0.02	0.13±0.03	0.11±0.02	0.12±0.03
	绒隐比V/C	9.22±1.83	10.10±3.10	12.75±3.42	9.92±1.83	13.37±3.64	11.95±4.81
	黏膜厚度/mm Mucosal thickness	1.37±0.19^b	1.48±0.10^ab	1.59±0.33^ab	1.50±0.24^ab	1.67±0.20^a	1.51±0.12^ab
空肠 Jejunum	绒毛高度/mm Villi height	1.13±0.13	1.14±0.23	1.20±0.24	1.13±0.13	1.14±0.14	1.15±0.18
	隐窝深度/mm Crypt depth	0.15±0.05	0.13±0.04	0.12±0.03	0.16±0.02	0.14±0.05	0.14±0.03
	绒隐比V/C	8.37±2.80	9.57±2.18	10.35±4.11	7.19±1.39	9.26±3.59	8.53±1.69
	黏膜厚度/mm Mucosal thickness	1.36±0.08	1.41±0.27	1.32±0.24	1.41±0.13	1.29±0.16	1.33±0.19
回肠 Ileum	绒毛高度/mm Villi height	0.86±0.21	0.78±0.27	0.90±0.20	0.73±0.17	0.91±0.18	0.85±0.14
	隐窝深度/mm Crypt depth	0.16±0.04	0.13±0.05	0.18±0.05	0.18±0.03	0.15±0.04	0.15±0.04
	绒隐比V/C	5.72±2.00	6.51±2.62	5.18±1.22	4.15±1.54	6.62±2.81	5.96±1.68
	黏膜厚度/mm Mucosal thickness	1.07±0.24	0.98±0.30	1.13±0.21	1.03±0.21	1.14±0.17	1.07±0.16
42日龄42 days of age
十二指肠 Duodenum	绒毛高度/mm Villi height	1.72±0.24	1.86±0.40	1.64±0.57	1.75±0.29	1.68±0.46	1.63±0.32
	隐窝深度/mm Crypt depth	0.11±0.03^b	0.15±0.05^b	0.15±0.08^b	0.13±0.04^b	0.26±0.07^a	0.12±0.02^b
	绒隐比V/C	16.29±6.47^a	12.93±2.27^a	12.03±3.20^a	14.05±4.67^a	7.10±2.81^b	13.66±3.84^a
	黏膜厚度/mm Mucosal thickness	1.97±0.33	2.16±0.40	1.87±0.62	1.96±0.32	2.12±0.34	1.99±0.38
空肠 Jejunum	绒毛高度/mm Villi height	1.40±0.29	1.64±0.27	1.58±0.32	1.82±0.34	1.61±0.52	1.66±0.21
	隐窝深度/mm Crypt depth	0.12±0.03^b	0.14±0.06^b	0.15±0.05^b	0.14±0.03^b	0.26±0.15^a	0.15±0.03^b
	绒隐比V/C	11.92±3.19^ab	12.68±3.67^a	11.59±3.68^ab	13.89±3.76^a	7.73±4.35^b	11.77±2.74^ab
	黏膜厚度/mm Mucosal thickness	1.67±0.38	1.92±0.36	1.82±0.31	1.99±0.36	2.03±0.46	1.91±0.19
回肠 Ileum	绒毛高度/mm Villi height	1.26±0.20^ab	1.27±0.18^ab	0.97±0.32^b	1.34±0.17^a	1.09±0.22^ab	1.37±0.29^a
	隐窝深度/mm Crypt depth	0.12±0.02^b	0.16±0.06^ab	0.16±0.07^ab	0.14±0.02^ab	0.21±0.12^a	0.13±0.02^ab
	绒隐比V/C	10.95±4.35^a	8.73±2.79^ab	6.95±4.00^ab	10.06±1.64^ab	6.49±3.38^b	10.47±0.90^ab
	黏膜厚度/mm Mucosal thickness	1.41±0.22	1.56±0.24	1.25±0.35	1.52±0.19	1.43±0.34	1.56±0.29

表 7

图 1

图 2

表 8

图 3

图 4

图 5

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组别Group	饲粮组成 Composition of diets	添加量 Add level
试验1组Treatment 1(T1)	基础饲粮+纤维样品1	1.5 kg·t^－1
试验2组Treatment 2(T2)	基础饲粮+纤维样品1	2.5 kg·t^－1
试验3组Treatment 3(T3)	基础饲粮+纤维样品2	150 g·t^－1
试验4组Treatment 4(T4)	基础饲粮+纤维样品3	2 kg·t^－1
试验5组Treatment 5(T5)	基础饲粮+纤维样品3	3 kg·t^－1
对照组Control(T6)	基础饲粮	—

原料 Ingredients	日龄Days of age		营养水平 Nutrient level²⁾	日龄Days of age
原料 Ingredients	1~21 d	22~42 d	营养水平 Nutrient level²⁾	1~21 d	22~42 d
玉米Corn	51.60	55.50	代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) ME	12.62	13.00
膨化大豆Extruded soybean	24.00	24.00	粗蛋白质CP	21.11	20.01
豆粕Soybean meal	20.00	16.50	粗脂肪EE	6.60	6.78
石粉Limestone	1.20	1.20	钙Ca	0.96	0.92
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₄	1.80	1.66	总磷TP	0.66	0.62
食盐NaCl	0.25	0.25	非植酸磷NPP	0.43	0.40
98.5%L-赖氨酸98.5% L-Lys	0.12	0.01	赖氨酸Lys	1.26	1.10
99%DL-蛋氨酸99% DL-Met	0.23	0.13	蛋氨酸Met	0.55	0.44
98.5%L-苏氨酸98.5% L-Thr	0.06	0.01	蛋+胱氨酸Met+Cys	0.89	0.76
预混料Premix ¹⁾	0.25	0.25	苏氨酸Thr	0.89	0.79
纤维样品+沸石粉Fiber sample + zeolite powder ³⁾	0.49	0.49	色氨酸Trp	0.25	0.23
合计Total	100.0	100.0

项目Item		T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6
初始体重/g IBW		47.02±0.25	47.09±0.31	47.02±0.25	47.16±0.32	47.09±0.30	47.05±0.22
21 d平均体重/g 21 d ABW		712.40±33.36^b	705.63±36.14^b	715.73±17.91^b	712.01±31.50^b	756.53±24.61^a	711.98±34.60^b
42 d平均体重/g 42 d ABW		2556.09±128.98^b	2607.67±95.16^ab	2497.61±86.07^b	2550.83±69.35^b	2698.00±102.41^a	2571.25±96.05^b
1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age	平均日采食量/g ADFI	43.06±2.00^ab	41.80±3.72^b	42.46±1.49^ab	42.55±1.82^ab	44.83±1.61^a	43.04±2.11^ab
1~21日龄 1 to 21 days of age	平均日增重/g ADG	31.68±1.58^b	31.36±1.72^b	31.84±0.85^b	31.66±1.50^b	33.78±1.17^a	31.66±1.65^b
	料重比F/G	1.36±0.01	1.33±0.08	1.33±0.04	1.34±0.02	1.33±0.05	1.36±0.02
22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age	平均日采食量/g ADFI	149.85±8.01^b	156.13±5.86^a	148.76±5.22^b	147.58±5.5^b	155.88±7.51^a	148.64±7.16^b
22~42日龄 22 to 42 days of age	平均日增重/g ADG	87.79±5.96^ab	90.57±3.89^a	84.85±4.18^b	87.56±2.82^ab	92.45±3.74^a	88.54±4.43^ab
	料重比F/G	1.71±0.04^ab	1.72±0.04^ab	1.75±0.04^a	1.69±0.04^b	1.69±0.04^b	1.68±0.03^b
1~42日龄 1 to 42 days of age	平均日采食量/g ADF	97.84±4.37^ab	102.08±3.4^a	98.41±2.82^ab	96.65±2.66^b	102.71±6.02^a	97.68±3.85^ab
1~42日龄 1 to 42 days of age	平均日增重/g ADG	59.74±3.07^b	60.97±2.26^ab	58.35±2.05^b	59.61±1.65^b	63.12±2.44^a	60.10±2.29^b
	料重比F/G	1.64±0.03^bc	1.68±0.04^ab	1.69±0.03^a	1.62±0.03^c	1.63±0.05^c	1.63±0.02^c
死淘率/% MER		0.02±0.05	0.06±0.10	0.04±0.06	0.06±0.07	0.04±0.06	0.00±0.00
欧洲效益指数European efficiency index		363.32±18.37^ab	348.8±49.45^ab	338.64±35.94^b	351.44±31.11^ab	378.81±32.49^a	376.71±15.31^ab

项目Item		T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6
21日龄 21 days of age	粪氮含量/% FN	4.52±0.22^a	4.59±0.23^a	4.43±0.14^a	4.39±0.12^ab	4.20±0.05^b	4.51±0.17^a
	氮的摄入量/(g·d^－1) NI	2.77±0.09^a	2.60±0.26^ab	2.66±0.15^ab	2.59±0.07^ab	2.66±0.12^ab	2.49±0.15^b
	氮排放量/(g·d^－1) NE	0.96±0.06	0.96±0.06	0.93±0.10	0.89±0.03	0.89±0.08	0.94±0.07
	氮存留量/(g·d^－1) NR	1.81±0.11^a	1.64±0.24^ab	1.73±0.16^ab	1.70±0.08^ab	1.77±0.07^ab	1.55±0.10^b
	氮存留率/(g·d^－1) NRR	64.74±2.62^abc	62.82±3.73^bc	65.13±3.87^abc	65.63±1.58^ab	66.54±1.99^a	61.81±1.63^c
	中性洗涤纤维/% NDF	38.27±3.52	37.99±2.30	37.73±2.35	39.04±3.46	37.65±3.16	36.55±2.70
	酸性洗涤纤维/% ADF	13.29±1.67	13.91±1.25	13.88±0.56	14.43±1.07	13.75±1.31	13.30±0.97
42日龄 42 days of age	粪氮含量/%FN	5.26±0.12	5.48±0.11	5.30±0.29	5.25±0.29	5.20±0.22	5.31±0.28
	氮的摄入量/(g·d^－1) NI	7.47±0.40^ab	7.10±0.34^ab	7.13±0.41^ab	6.97±0.24^b	7.55±0.35^a	7.10±0.51^ab
	氮排放量/(g·d^－1) NE	2.87±0.25	3.02±0.26	2.85±0.14	2.79±0.31	2.92±0.23	2.88±0.39
	氮存留量/(g·d^－1) NR	4.60±0.30^ab	4.08±0.25^c	4.28±0.44^abc	4.18±0.25^c	4.64±0.23^a	4.22±0.31^bc
	氮存留率/(g·d^－1) NRR	61.55±2.51^a	57.48±2.60^b	59.87±3.10^ab	59.95±3.79^ab	61.40±1.97^a	59.54±3.56^ab
	中性洗涤纤维/% NDF	50.68±3.93^a	50.06±1.96^a	49.60±5.90^a	46.14±5.14^ab	43.43±1.86^b	47.01±1.37^ab
	酸性洗涤纤维/% ADF	22.46±2.74^a	21.79±1.60^a	21.00±2.49^ab	21.06±3.36^ab	18.19±1.28^b	20.61±1.19^ab

项目Item	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6
21日龄21 days of age
肌胃重/g MW	17.55±2.22^ab	16.63±3.40^ab	15.88±2.19^b	17.88±3.00^ab	18.71±3.90^a	16.14±2.24^ab
腺胃重/g GGW	4.16±0.87	3.94±0.38	4.06±1.20	3.86±1.09	4.38±0.92	3.95±0.82
十二指肠长度/cm DL	21.92±2.26	21.98±1.43	22.72±2.02	22.32±2.15	21.73±1.93	22.08±2.37
十二指肠重量/g DW	6.52±0.83	5.58±0.68	6.65±2.25	5.98±0.84	6.88±0.67	6.42±0.89
空肠长度/cm JL	54.03±5.55	55.53±4.37	59.15±8.63	51.70±7.86	57.67±4.00	55.15±2.91
空肠重量/g JW	11.42±1.57^ab	10.90±1.78^ab	11.63±3.52^ab	9.60±1.43^b	12.93±1.78^a	11.37±1.64^ab
回肠长度/cm IL	56.52±5.80	50.15±16.17	57.88±8.44	53.82±5.91	61.08±3.22	58.65±4.12
回肠重量/g IW	9.38±1.33^ab	8.22±0.86^ab	9.10±2.44^ab	7.58±0.87^b	9.82±1.54^a	8.72±1.27^ab
42日龄42 days of age
肌胃重/g MW	31.54±4.66	33.18±8.92	27.46±2.00	30.44±4.73	31.89±4.09	29.15±6.01
腺胃重/g GGW	9.38±1.60	9.25±3.76	8.99±1.47	8.73±1.68	8.08±2.05	8.10±1.32
十二指肠长度/cm DL	30.25±3.49	30.25±6.37	31.83±3.82	28.83±4.74	30.92±4.54	32.00±2.97
十二指肠重量/g DW	13.25±2.69^b	16.32±1.65^a	14.31±1.56^ab	14.49±3.38^ab	15.41±0.84^ab	13.98±1.89^ab
空肠长度/cm JL	70.67±5.61^b	76.08±3.46^ab	83.17±5.42^a	69.08±11.70^b	79.08±7.32^ab	69.67±8.91^b
空肠重量/g JW	28.30±3.32^c	33.26±2.25^a	32.35±4.25^ab	28.81±3.69^bc	31.42±2.08^abc	29.25±1.56^bc
回肠长度/cm IL	78.17±7.08^bc	88.75±7.59^b	90.67±10.80^ab	75.83±12.67^d	91.67±9.21^a	74.42±7.34^d
回肠重量/g IW	21.48±4.06^b	28.98±9.70^a	28.41±6.28^a	22.47±1.11^ab	26.4±6.01^ab	22.39±1.78^ab

纤维对白羽肉鸡生长性能、生理生化、胃肠结构和盲肠微生物的影响

Effects of Fibers on Growth Performance, Physiology and Biochemistry, Gastrointestinal Structure and Cecal Microflora of Broilers

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项目Item	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6
21日龄21 days of age
物种数Observed species	4 524.33±1 307.47	5 092.33±642.18	4 648.00±1 247.15	5 261.50±1 056.94	5 156.50±572.37	5 093.33±738.03
Chao1值Chao1 index	5 816.12±1 793.74	5 208.75±667.84	4 953.89±1 118.16	5 403.30±1 095.77	5 278.16±556.83	6 507.66±2594.69
ACE指数ACE index	6 433.55±2 383.80	5 481.55±735.22	5 330.85±1 109.60	5 712.71±1 175.49	5 562.90±558.09	7 275.30±3 304.64
香农指数Shannon index	5.44±1.83	6.21±0.80	5.63±1.54	6.31±1.18	6.29±0.79	5.95±0.87
辛普森指数Simpson index	0.83±0.17	0.91±0.06	0.86±0.13	0.91±0.11	0.92±0.05	0.92±0.06
42日龄42 days of age
物种数Observed species	5 921.67±1 088.56	5 748.00±729.36	5 845.33±574.46	5 252.67±906.98	5 402.00±303.92	5 417.17±426.92
Chao1值Chao1 index	6 564.06±1 867.11	5 931.68±826.24	5 980.57±618.00	6 509.65±1 829.31	5 457.68±313.28	5 495.35±462.23
ACE指数ACE index	7 101.50±2 416.88	6 279.57±951.41	6 288.84±700.43	7 127.30±2 349.26	5 621.40±336.84	5 706.35±559.92
香农指数Shannon index	7.26±0.83	7.02±0.55	7.22±0.49	6.68±1.13	7.17±0.45	7.04±0.38
辛普森指数Simpson index	0.98±0.02	0.98±0.02	0.98±0.01	0.96±0.05	0.98±0.01	0.97±0.02

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