基于组学分析的鸡环境适应性研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.07.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

鸡作为世界上分布最为广泛的家养动物之一，对不同环境具有良好的适应能力并形成了稳定的遗传机制，是研究动物环境适应性的重要模型。测序技术的成熟与全球环境数据库的日渐完善使遗传与环境的关联分析成为可能。群体遗传学、景观基因组学、泛基因组学等多种研究方法不断丰富鸡环境适应性的研究，鉴定出一系列与环境适应性相关的候选因子，如与低氧适应性相关的关键因子EPAS1、HIF1A；与鸡寒冷适应性相关的关键因子av-UCP；与鸡高温适应性相关的关键因子HSP，为动物环境适应性遗传机制研究奠定了重要基础。尽管如此，目前鸡环境适应性的分子机制仍不完善。本文从高海拔适应性、冷适应性、热适应性、干旱适应性及综合气候适应性等5个方面，概述近年来鸡的环境适应性研究进展，引出鸡环境适应性研究面临的问题，并对未来的研究趋势进行展望，以期为鸡的种质资源保护与利用提供理论支持。

关键词: 鸡, 环境适应性, 多组学, 环境变量

Abstract:

Chicken is one of the most widely distributed animals in the world.It has evolved a stable genetic mechanism that allows it to adapt well to various environments, leading chicken as to become an important model for studying the biological mechanism of environmental adaptability. The development of sequencing technology and global environmental databases has made it possible to analyze the association between genetics and the environment. Population genetics, landscape genomics, pan-genome, and other research methods constantly promote researches on the chicken environmental adaptability, identifying a series of candidate factors, such as EPAS1 and HIF1A related to hypoxia adaptability; av-UCP related to cold adaptability and HSP related to heat adaptability in chickens, which laid the foundation for further studies on the genetic mechanism of environmental adaptability. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of chicken environmental adaptability are still elusive. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress that chicken adapted to high-altitude, cold, heat, drought, and comprehensive climate, and put forward the challenges faced and the future research spots in the field, aiming to provide theoretical support for the conservation and utilization of chicken genetic resources.

Key words: chicken, environmental adaptability, omics, environmental variables

中图分类号:

S831.2

黄晓隆, 盛熙晖, 袁经纬. 基于组学分析的鸡环境适应性研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(7): 2809-2824.

Xiaolong HUANG, Xihui SHENG, Jingwei YUAN. Research Progress of Environmental Adaptability in Chickens from Perspective of Omics Analysis[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(7): 2809-2824.

图/表 4

表 1

主要鸡品种的环境适应性研究"

适应能力 Adaptive capacity	材料 Material	研究方法 Method	主要结论 Conclusion	参考文献 Reference
高海拔适应性 High altitude adaptability	藏鸡群体	Fst、π	鉴定到732个基因参与钙信号通路、细胞分解代谢、MAPK信号通路、肺泡发育，促进藏鸡中的氧气运输和利用。	[95]
	9个低地鸡群体、6个青藏高原鸡群体、5个红原鸡群体	Fst、π	鉴定到EPAS1、EGLN1、PTK2、HIF1A等200多个与鸡低氧适应性相关的候选基因集中于低氧诱导因子信号通路。发现藏鸡与高海拔适应相关的基因功能主要涉及能量代谢、体型维持等方面。	[96]
	藏鸡、拉萨白鸡中国5个低地鸡群体	Fst XP-EHH LSBL	鉴定到201个候选基因，参与钙信号传导、血管平滑肌收缩和细胞氧化应激途径等生理生化过程	[97]
	四个高海拔鸡群体四个低地鸡群体	等位基因	鉴定到与心血管和呼吸系统发育(FGFR1、CTGF、ADAM9、JPH2、SATB1、BMP4、LOX、LPR、ANGPTL4和HYAL1)、DNA修复和辐射反应(VCP、ASH2L和FANCG)、炎症和免疫反应(AIRE、MYO1F、ZAP70、DDX60、CCL19、CD47、JSC和FAS)有关的基因	[98]
	5个藏鸡群体	ROH	鉴定到AMY2A、NTNG1和VAV3基因与西藏高原本土鸡品种的消化、神经突生长和高海拔适应有关	[99]
	12个来自不同海拔梯度的鸡群体	Fst XP-nSL	鉴定到HBAD等候选基因参与氧气结合，HRG和ANK2等候选基因参与血液凝固和心血管效率	[100]
	3个西藏鸡群体、3个低地鸡群体	Fst XP-EHH	鉴定到89个与低氧适应性相关的基因，其中ARNT、AHR、GSTK1和FGFR1基因被认为是最重要的候选基因	[101]
	10只独龙鸡	Fst	鉴定到FGF10基因与NFIB基因，分别对肺的形成与适应性发育至关重要	[102]
	藏鸡群体、1个低海拔鸡群体	qRT-PCR	发现差异表达的miRNA主要参与细胞凋亡、Toll样受体信号通路和IKB激酶/NF-KB信号传导等生物学过程，并发现miR-34c-5p是与低氧适应性相关的miRNA	[103]
	茶花鸡藏鸡	qRT-PCR	鉴定到PTK2、GPNMB、CALD1、CBWD1、SLC25A1、SPRY2、NUPL2和ST8SIA3在血管生成和发育、能量代谢、血管平滑肌收缩等低氧适应过程中发挥重要作用	[104]
	藏鸡群体、低地鸡群体	qRT-PCR	鉴定到4种与血管生成相关的circRNA(circBRD1、circPRDM2、circPTPRS和circDENND4C)	[105]
	白来航鸡、雪域白鸡	qRT-PCR	鉴定到TENM2、NOG、SMOC1、CCBE1等与鸡胚高原低氧适应性相关的基因	[106]
	藏鸡群体、低地鸡群体	液相色谱	鉴定到磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)、己糖神经酰胺、磷脂酰胆碱(PC) 和磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)等多种脂质在藏鸡群体中高度表达，使藏鸡能更好地适应低氧环境	[107]
冷适应性 Cold adaptability	2个耐寒鸡群体	ROH Fst XP-EHH	鉴定到SOX5、ME3、ZNF536、WWP1、RIPK2、OSGIN2、DECR1、TPO、PPARGC1A、BDNF、MSTN和β角蛋白基因可作为冷适应的候选基因	[108]
	10只Chantecler鸡来自世界各地的121只鸡	Fst π ROH	鉴定到ME3、DDIAS、PRSS23、PRCP、FAM181B和ZNF536等候选基因参与脂肪代谢、神经系统、血管生成等生理过程	[109]
	文昌鸡青壳鸡藏鸡林甸鸡	Fst XP-EHH π	鉴定到SLC33A1基因参与糖代谢、能量代谢；同时发现TSHR基因不仅与增加代谢活性有关，还在鸡高温适应过程中发挥作用	[110]
	51只伊朗本地鸡	Fst、π	鉴定到HSP70、HSPA9、HSPH1、HSP90AB1和PLCB4等与热适应和免疫相关的基因	[111]
	288只肉鸡	qRT-PCR	强烈的寒冷刺激可通过调节肉鸡Nrf2/HO-1通路相关氧化应激来诱导心肌细胞炎症和凋亡；轻度的冷刺激可以提高心脏的冷适应性	[112]
	96只肉鸡	qPCR	预先轻度冷刺激可以改善肉鸡肝脏的能量代谢和抗应激能力，减轻急性冷应激对肉鸡的损害，提高肉鸡冷适应性	[113]
热适应性 Heat adaptability	肯尼亚低地鸡群体肯尼亚高地鸡群体	RT-PCR	在低地鸡基因组中鉴定到5个核心基因(CCNB2、CRB2、CHST9、SESN1和NR4A3)参与诱发细胞周期和DNA修复过程，在高海拔鸡基因组中鉴定到5个核心基因(COMMD4、TTC32、H1F0、ACYP1和RPS28)参与细胞凋亡与氧化应激过程	[81]
	肉鸡雏鸡	RT-PCR	发现肠道微生物群通过肠脑轴调节肉鸡产热作用，并表明下丘脑5-HT通路可能是肠道微生物群影响肉鸡体温调节的潜在机制	[114]
	泰国商品鸡	RNA-Seq	观察到AMPK、MAPK信号传导和肌动蛋白细胞骨架调节在鸡热适应性机制中发挥关键作用	[115]
	印度地方鸡群体沙特阿拉伯鸡群体中国北方鸡群体	Fst XP-EHH π ROH	来自不同热带气候地区的本地鸡通过不同途径适应炎热环境，具有不同的热适应性机制	[116]
	红原鸡中国北方地方鸡印度尼西亚本地鸡斯里兰卡鸡	Fst、π	鉴定到与代谢(FABP2、RAMP3、SUGCT和TSHR)和血管平滑肌收缩(CAMK2)相关的候选基因	[117]

表 1

图 1

图 2

图 3

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