浙江省部分地区鸡球虫感染情况调查分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.06.034

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解浙江省部分地区鸡球虫感染情况，以及对致病性新种: 拉坦艾美耳球虫(Eimeria latan)、纳甘比艾美耳球虫(Eimeria nagambie)和扎利亚艾美耳球虫(Eimeria zaria)进行鉴定，从杭州、丽水、嘉兴3个地区7个养殖场采集新鲜鸡粪便349份。使用麦克马斯特计数法检查并计数每克粪便中球虫卵囊数，用显微观察法确定阳性样品中球虫种类，并进行PCR鉴定。随后，按地区来源、养殖方式、用途和日龄不同对鸡球虫的感染情况进行差异分析。结果显示，所调查地区鸡球虫的总感染率为72.78%(254/349)，共检出七种传统鸡艾美耳球虫和纳甘比艾美耳球虫。其中优势种为堆型艾美耳球虫，7个养殖场均为混合感染。PCR及序列分析结果表明在7个场中4个存在疑似纳甘比艾美耳球虫的感染，其中A场纳甘比艾美耳球虫与澳大利亚株LR877717.1 COI基因序列亲缘关系最近，相似性为99.99%，聚成一支。调查研究结果表明，浙江地区鸡球虫总体感染率较高，其中堆型艾美耳球虫田间感染尤其严重。所调查的浙江省部分地区部分鸡场已出现疑似纳甘比艾美耳球虫的感染。

关键词: 浙江, 鸡球虫, 流行病学调查, 纳甘比艾美耳球虫, 堆型艾美耳球虫

Abstract:

In order to understand the infection status of chicken coccidia in some regions of Zhejiang province, and to identify the new species, Eimeria latan, Eimeria nagambie and Eimeria zaria, 349 fresh chicken feces were collected from 7 farms in Hangzhou, Lishui and Jiaxing. The number of coccidia oocysts per gram of feces was examined and counted by McMaster counting method. The species of coccidia in positive samples were determined by microscopic observation and identified by PCR. Subsequently, the infection of chicken coccidia was analyzed according to regional sources, breeding methods, uses and age. The result showed that the total infection rate of chicken coccidia in the investigated area was 72.78% (254/349), and seven species of Eimeria and Eimeria nagambie were detected, among which the dominant species was Eimeria acervulina, mixed infection were found in all farms. The PCR and sequence analysis results showed that four of the seven farms were infected with suspected Eimeria nagambie, the Eimeria nagambie of farm A had the closest homology with the COI gene of the Australian strain LR877717.1, the homology is 99.99%, and clustered into a branch. The results showed that the overall infection rate of chicken coccidia in Zhejiang province was high, and the field infection of E. acervulina was particularly serious. Some chicken farms in some areas of Zhejiang Province have been infected with suspected new species of coccidiosis Eimeria nagambie

Key words: Zhejiang, coccidiosis, epidemiological investigation, Eimeria nagambie, Eimeria acervulina

中图分类号:

周思含, 李天恩, 邓金华, 孙洪超, 闫文朝, 石团员, 王天奇. 浙江省部分地区鸡球虫感染情况调查分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(6): 2629-2640.

Sihan ZHOU, Tianen LI, Jinhua DENG, Hongchao SUN, Wenchao YAN, Tuanyuan SHI, Tianqi WANG. Investigation and Analysis on Infection of Chicken Coccidia in Some Regions of Zhejiang Province[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(6): 2629-2640.

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市 Cities	鸡场名称 Name of farms	日龄/d Age	养殖方式 Breeding method	用途 Use	样品数量/份 Sample size
杭州市Hangzhou	A鸡场 A farm	150	林下散养 Poultry run^[9]	蛋鸡 Breeding bird	13
		150	笼养 Battery system	蛋鸡 Breeding bird	15
		47	笼养 Battery system	肉鸡 Finisher	18
	B鸡场 B farm	111	林下散养 Poultry run	肉鸡 Finisher	29
		106	林下散养 Poultry run	肉鸡 Finisher	23
		83	林下散养 Poultry run	肉鸡 Finisher	28
	C鸡场 C farm	83	林下散养 Poultry run	肉鸡 Finisher	29
		44	林下散养 Poultry run	肉鸡 Finisher	17
嘉兴市Jiaxing	D鸡场 D farm	40	平养 Wirefloored house	肉鸡 Finisher	28
		30	平养 Wirefloored house	肉鸡 Finisher	26
	E鸡场 E farm	70	平养 Wirefloored house	肉鸡 Finisher	32
	F鸡场 F farm	97	平养 Wirefloored house	肉鸡 Finisher	45
丽水市Lishui	G鸡场 G farm	210	林下散养 Poultry run	肉鸡 Finisher	46

虫种 Species	引物名称 Primer name	引物序列(5′→3′) Primer sequences	产物长度/bp Size of the products	登录号 Accession numbers	退火温度/℃ Annealing temperature
柔嫩艾美耳球虫	F1	AGTCAGCCACAGCGGGGATG	590	AY571619.1	58.6
Eimeria tenella	R1	AGTCAGCCACGTACTATCTAAACCAACCA
毒害艾美耳球虫	F2	AAGAGGCCAGTGGTGATTCACGGTAT	702	AY571565.1
Eimeria necatrix	R2	AAGAGGCCAGCAGAAACAGAAATGATTAC
巨型艾美耳球虫	F3	ACGAGAGGCAATGAAAGCAAACTGT	615	AY571592.1
Eimeria maxima	R3	ACGAGAGGCAGAGGACCGTGTACA
堆型艾美耳球虫	F4	AGTCAGCCACACAATAATGGCAAACATG	811	AY571520.1
Eimeria acervulina	R4	AGTCAGCCACAGCGAAAGACGTATGTG
和缓艾美耳球虫	F5	AGTCAGCCACCAGTAGAGCCAATATTT	460	AY571503.1
Eimeria mitis	R5	AGTCAGCCACAAACAAATTCAAACTCTAC
早熟艾美耳球虫	F6	GGGTAACGCCACATCCAATGCGATATAG	1 108	AY571603.1
Eimeria praecox	R6	GGGTAACGCCTCCAACGCTCGC
布氏艾美耳球虫	F7	CCGCCCAAACAGCAAGAGACAGA	601	AY571557.1
Eimeria brunetti	R7	CCGCCCAAACGAAGGTGGAAT
拉坦艾美耳球虫^[3]	Fx	GGGTAGAGCCAGGGGTAGAG	1 018	AM922249.1	58
Eimeria latan	Rx	CGTAGTCCCAAGTGCCAACT
纳甘比艾美耳球虫	Fy	CAAGAAGTACACTACCACAGCATG	346	AM922253.1	56
Eimeria nagambie	Ry	ACTGATTTCAGGTCTAAAACGAAT
	Y-18S-F	CAGTGACGGGTAACGGGGAAT	945	LT964973.1	56
	Y-18S-R	CTAAGAACGGCCATGCACCAC
	Y-COI-F	GGGTCAGGTATTGGTTGGACA	791	LR877717.1	56
	Y-COI-R	CCAAGAGATAGAACGAAATGA
扎利亚艾美耳球虫	Fz	TATAGTTTCTTTTGCGCGTTGC	147	AM922257.1	58
Eimeria zaria	Rz	CATATCTCTTTCATGAACGAAAGG

鸡场 Farm	总样本数 Total samples	阳性数 Positive number	阳性率/% Positive rate
A鸡场A farm	46	15	32.61
B鸡场B farm	80	63	78.75
C鸡场C farm	46	44	95.65
D鸡场D farm	54	45	83.33
E鸡场E farm	32	25	78.13
F鸡场F farm	45	32	74.42
G鸡场G farm	46	30	65.22
总计Total	349	254	72.78

分类依据 Classification basis	分类 Classification	总样本数 Total	阳性数 Positive number	阳性率/% Positive rate
市City	杭州Hangzhou	172	102	59.30
	海宁Haining	131	122	93.13
	丽水Lishui	46	30	65.22
养殖方式Breeding way	平养Wirefloored house	131	102	77.86
	笼养Battery rearing	33	10	30.30
	林下散养Poultry run	185	142	76.76
用途Use	蛋鸡Breeding bird	28	8	28.57
	肉鸡Finisher	321	246	76.64
日龄Days	＜50 d	89	69	77.53
	50~100 d	134	112	83.58
	>100 d	126	73	57.94

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