5-HT调控畜禽神经行为异常及肠道功能紊乱的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.12.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

胃肠道是动物体最大的微生态系统，复杂的微生物群落组成了动物体的肠道微生物屏障。5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT)又称血清素，是动物体内的一种神经递质，90%以上由肠道产生，具有调节肠道蠕动、分泌、免疫和维护肠道屏障功能等生物学特性，作为肠-脑轴中的核心信号分子，其可通过神经、内分泌、免疫系统传递信息，对维持神经、肠道稳态和调控疾病至关重要。目前关于5-HT的研究多集中在生物学、医学、行为学和心理学等领域，在畜禽中的相关研究鲜有报道。本文系统综述了5-HT在鼠、畜禽的神经性异常行为和肠道疾病中的调控机制，并探讨通过添加色氨酸前体如瘤胃保护型五羟色胺酸(5-hydroxytryptophan，5-HTP)、益生菌或植物提取物(如黄芪多糖、天然辣椒素)来调控肠道5-HT合成与菌群平衡，改善断奶仔猪腹泻、肉鸡坏死性肠炎等肠道疾病；针对热应激、运输应激等场景，利用有益菌提升5-HT水平或通过初乳喂养调节肠道5-HT受体基因表达，缓解应激导致的行为异常与免疫紊乱，以期为畜牧生产实践提供理论依据。

关键词: 5-HT, 肠道菌群, 肠-脑轴, 神经性异常行为, 肠道炎症

Abstract:

The gastrointestinal tract is the largest microecosystem in animals, where complex microbial communities constitute the animal's intestinal microbial barrier. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), commonly known as serotonin, is a neurotransmitter in animals, with more than 90% produced by the intestine, which exhibits various biological functions including the regulation of intestinal peristalsis, secretion processes, immune responses, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity.As a pivotal signaling molecule in the gut-brain axis, 5-HT can transmit information through the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems; thus playing a vital role in maintaining neural and intestinal homeostasis while modulating disease states. Currently, research on 5-HT mainly focuses on fields such as biology, medicine, ethology, and psychology, however, studies pertaining to its implications in livestock and poultry remain scarce. This paper systematically reviews the regulatory mechanisms of 5-HT in neurological abnormal behaviors and intestinal diseases of rodents, livestock, and poultry. It also discusses the regulation of intestinal 5-HT synthesis and microbial balance by adding tryptophan precursors such as rumen-protected 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), probiotics, or plant extracts (such as Astragalus polysaccharide, natural capsaicin) to alleviate intestinal disorders such as post-weaning diarrhea in piglets and necrotic enteritis in broilers. Under stress scenarios such as heat stress or transport stress, enhancing 5-HT levels via probiotic supplementation or regulating intestinal 5-HT receptor gene expression through colostrum feeding can mitigate stress-induced behavioral abnormalities and immune dysfunctions. These findings aim to provide theoretical support for practical applications in animal husbandry.

Key words: 5-HT, gut microbiota, gut-brain axis, neurobehavioral disorders, intestinal inflammation

中图分类号:

S816.7

马登军, 陈佳欣, 周瑞琳, 王力宏, 李会凤, 刘昕恬, 杨震国. 5-HT调控畜禽神经行为异常及肠道功能紊乱的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(12): 6025-6033.

MA Dengjun, CHEN Jiaxin, ZHOU Ruilin, WANG Lihong, LI Huifeng, LIU Xintian, YANG Zhenguo. Research Advances in 5-HT Regulation of Neurobehavioral Abnormalities and Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Livestock and Poultry[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(12): 6025-6033.

图/表 2

表 1

5-HT变化、微生物屏障的破坏诱发疾病"

动物种类 Animal species	疾病 Diseases	干预条件 Experimental conditions	结论 Conclusion	参考文献 Reference
鼠 Mouse	应激	CRS处理	Kyn途径激活；吲哚胺2, 3-双加氧酶表达↑；5-HT水平↓	[46]
	抑郁行为	日粮添加小檗碱	抑郁行为↓；5-HT↑、NE↑、DA↑、BNDF↑；菌群结构、SCFA代谢改变	[51]
	抑郁焦虑行为	移植短双歧杆菌CCFM1025	抑郁焦虑症状↓；应激和炎症↓；BNDF表达↑；5-HTP↑；SCFA↑	[52]
	应激	饲喂高胆固醇饮食	Akkermansia_muciniphila ↓；Akkermansia_mFuciniphila与血清MCP-1、IL-17A、海马5-HT浓度呈显著负相关	[53]
猪 Swine	肠道菌群变化	日粮添加天然辣椒提取物	血清中5-HT水平显著提高，肠道微生物群组成得到改善；Faecalibacterium等↑	[49]
	断奶应激	饲喂初乳	回肠5-HT受体4和SLC4A4基因的表达↑；肠道相关菌群基因表达↑	[52]
	动物行为	日粮补充瘤胃保护型5-HTP	大脑5-HT↑；运动时间↓	[55]
羊 Sheep & Goat	早期断奶	观测5-HT变化	肠细胞分泌大量5-HT，肠道绒毛损伤并引发肠道炎症性损伤；湖羔羊血清氨基酸代谢紊乱，尤其是苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸平衡的失调	[69]
羊 Sheep & Goat	高原反应	观测瘤胃微生物与5-HT的相互作用	纤维降解菌丰度↑；ECs合成5-HT↑；病原菌丰度↓	[41]
牛 Cattle	断奶应激	饲喂初乳	回肠5-HT受体4和SLC4A4基因的表达↑；肠道相关菌群基因表达↑	[55]
牛 Cattle	热应激	观测奶牛行为和生理变化	热敏奶牛血清5-HT ↓，耐热奶牛5-HT介导的神经内分泌应激反应减弱；产奶量损失减少，体温调节效率提升	[56]
家禽 Poultry	啄羽行为	观察低频啄羽和高频啄羽	高频啄羽蛋鸡菌群丰度的Firmicutes↓，Lactobacillus↓，Proteobacteria↑，Escherichia Shigella↑，Desulfovibrio↑色氨酸代谢物水平↑，免疫机能↑	[57]
	肠道菌群变化	盲肠微生物移植	肠道5-HT的活性和代谢增强	[65]
	坏死性肠炎	日粮中添加黄芪多糖	坏死性肠炎肉鸡回肠内容物中的5-HT水平降低；Trp代谢增强，产气荚膜梭菌的丰度↓；Romboutsia↑；Halomonas↑	[67]
	热应激	饲喂含甘露果糖的益生菌	有益菌↑；5-HT↑；热应激得到缓解	[42]

表 1

图 1

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