畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1): 120-135.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.011

• 遗传育种 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉山黑猪及其不同杂交组合生产性能、肉质性状和血清生化指标的比较研究

刘晨龙1(), 邓晓2, 林克团2, 万明春1, 杨文清2, 彭富贵2, 周泉勇1, 郑小明2, 谭美芳1, 季华员1()   

  1. 1.江西省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所/畜禽绿色健康养殖江西省重点实验室,南昌 330200
    2.江西省玉山黑猪原种场,上饶 334700
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-06 出版日期:2026-01-23 发布日期:2026-01-26
  • 通讯作者: 季华员 E-mail:liuchenlong1204@163.com;jhy478731@163.com
  • 作者简介:刘晨龙,副研究员,博士,主要从事畜禽遗传育种研究, Tel:0791-82728433,E-mail:liuchenlong1204@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    优质肉猪新品种培育(2022JXCQZY01);江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养项目(JXSNKYJCRC202411);江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养项目(JXSNKYJCRC202307);江西省农业科学院基础研究与人才培养项目(JXSNKYJCRC202217);江西省现代农业产业技术体系生猪良种繁育岗位(JXARS-10)

Comparative Study on Production Performance, Meat Quality Traits and Serum Biochemical Indicators between Yushan Black Pig and Its Different Cross Combinations

LIU Chenlong1(), DENG Xiao2, LIN Ketuan2, WAN Mingchun1, YANG Wenqing2, PENG Fugui2, ZHOU Quanyong1, ZHENG Xiaoming2, TAN Meifang1, JI Huayuan1()   

  1. 1.Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Green and Healthy Breeding,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanchang 330200,China
    2.Yushan Black Pig Breeding Farm of Jiangxi,Shangrao 334700,China
  • Received:2025-06-06 Online:2026-01-23 Published:2026-01-26
  • Contact: JI Huayuan E-mail:liuchenlong1204@163.com;jhy478731@163.com

摘要:

旨在研究玉山黑猪与其3个不同二元杂交组合个体在生产性能、肉质性状和血清生化指标上的差异,为玉山黑猪的杂交利用提供参考。本研究选择健康的玉山黑猪及其二元杂交猪为研究对象,试验分为玉山黑猪(YY)、杜玉(DY)、巴玉(BY)和山玉(SY)4个试验组,每个组3个重复,每个重复5头猪。所有试验猪只统一阉割处理,并在体重相近时进行育肥试验,饲料营养水平和饲养管理均一致。统一饲养至250 d时,每个试验组各选择8头(阉公母各半)进行屠宰测定,并采集分离血清,检测血清生化指标。结果表明:1)DY组育肥前期平均日增重(ADG)最大、BY组育肥后期ADG最大,BY组整个育肥期ADG最大,3个杂交组的育肥期ADG均极显著高于YY组(P<0.01)。2)YY组育肥前期料重比(FCR)显著高于DY组(P<0.01)和BY组(P<0.05)、育肥后期FCR极显著高于BY组(P<0.01),YY组整个育肥期FCR最高,BY组FCR最低。3)BY组育肥后期ADG显著高于育肥前期ADG(P<0.05),其余3组育肥前期和育肥后期ADG无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)4个试验组的育肥后期FCR均显著高于育肥前期FCR(P<0.05)。5)3个二元杂交组的屠宰性能相比于YY组均有极显著提升。6)相关性分析发现,大部分屠宰性状之间以及屠宰性状和育肥性状之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),但育肥前期ADG和肥肉率呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。7)YY组的肌内脂肪含量极显著高于BY组和SY组(P<0.01),DY组的大理石纹评分显著高于BY组(P<0.05),SY组的滴水损失极显著高于YY组和DY组(P<0.01),BY组的剪切力极显著高于YY组(P<0.01),BY组的熟肉率极显著高于SY组(P<0.01)。8)YY组与3个二元杂交组血清中免疫指标、过氧化氢酶和总抗氧化能力的抗氧化指标以及血脂指标的水平无显著差异(P > 0.05),但谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平极显著低于SY组(P<0.01)、丙二醛水平极显著高于DY组(P<0.01)、超氧化物歧化酶水平显著高于SY组(P<0.05)以及血糖水平显著低于BY组(P<0.05)和SY组(P<0.01)。综上所述,3个二元杂交猪在生长发育、料重比和屠宰性能等重要生产指标上相比于纯种玉山黑猪均有显著提高,但肌肉品质有所下降,而免疫和抗氧化能力均未有显著改变。本研究结果表明,杜玉和巴玉二元杂交组合更适用于玉山黑猪的杂交利用。

关键词: 玉山黑猪, 生产性能, 肉质, 血清生化指标

Abstract:

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences of production performance, meat quality traits and serum biochemical indicators between Yushan black pigs and its two-way cross pigs, and provide the reference for the hybrid utilization of Yushan black pig. In this study, the healthy Yushan black pigs and its two-way cross pigs were used and divided into 4 groups which included YY, DY, BY and SY with 3 replicates with 5 individuals per replicate. All of the experimental pigs were uniformly castrated and fattened with same body weight, the feed nutritional level and feeding management were consistent. When the pigs were raised until 250 days, each group selected 8 individuals (half castrated male and half castrated female) for slaughter, and serum was collected to detect biochemical indicators. The results showed that: 1) The average daily gain (ADG) of DY at the early fattening period was highest, the ADG of BY at the late fattening period was highest, the ADG of BY at the entire fattening period was the highest, and ADG of the 3 hybrid groups at the entire fattening period was significantly higher than that of YY group (P<0.01). 2) The feed conversion ratio (FCR) of YY at the early fattening period was significantly higher than that of DY (P<0.01) and BY (P<0.05), and the FCR of YY at the late fattening period was significantly higher than that of BY (P<0.01), the FCR of YY at the entire fattening period was the highest and BY was the lowest. 3) The ADG of BY at the late fattening period was higher than that at the early fattening period (P<0.05), while the ADG of other 3 groups were not different between the early fattening period and late fattening period (P>0.05). 4) The FCR of the 4 groups at the late fattening period were significantly higher than that at the early fattening period (P<0.05). 5) The slaughter performance of the 3 hybrid groups were significantly improved compared to the YY group. 6) The correlation analysis results found that, there was a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between most slaughter traits and between slaughter traits and fattening traits, but there was a significant negative correlation (P<0.05) between ADG at early fattening period and fat percentage (P<0.05). 7) The intramuscular fat content of YY was significantly higher than that of BY and SY (P<0.01), the marbling score of DY was significantly higher than that of BY (P<0.05), the drip loss of SY was significantly higher than that of YY and DY (P<0.01), the shear force of BY was significantly higher than that of YY (P<0.01), and the cooked meat percentage of BY was significantly higher than that of SY (P<0.01). 8) There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the level of serum immune indicators, CAT, T-AOC and blood lipid indicators between YY group and 3 hybrid groups. However, the serum GSH-Px level of YY group was significantly lower than that in SY group (P<0.01), the serum MDA level was significantly higher than that in DY group (P<0.01), the serum SOD level was significantly higher than that in SY group (P<0.05), and the GLU level was significantly lower than that in BY (P<0.05) and SY (P<0.01) groups. In summary, the important production indicators such as growth and development traits, FCR and slaughter performance were significantly improved but the meat quality traits were decreased in these 3 hybrid groups compared to Yushan black pigs, while the immune and antioxidant ability were not significantly changed. The study results showed that, the DY and BY two-way cross combination were more suitable for the hybrid utilization of Yushan black pig.

Key words: Yushan black pig, production performance, meat quality, serum biochemical indicators

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