粤西卷羽鸡与怀乡鸡杂交配套组合的正反交效应研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在有效利用国家新鉴定种质资源粤西卷羽鸡的优良特性，分析其与地方优良品种怀乡鸡杂交的杂种优势机制，比较二者及正反交后代的关键生产性能与肌肉品质差异，为热带、亚热带地区优质肉鸡高效选育提供核心亲本选配依据。本试验以怀乡鸡（A 品系、C 品系）和粤西卷羽鸡（黄羽快羽、黄羽慢羽）为育种材料，采用完全双列杂交设计设4个配套组合（怀乡鸡纯繁组、粤西卷羽鸡纯繁组、正交组、反交组），每组6个重复（每重复20只1日龄健康雏鸡，公母各半，初生重误差±10%标准差），饲养16周后测定相关指标。试验数据显示：16周龄公鸡平均体重反交鸡（1 790.69 g）>正交鸡（1 761.67 g）>粤西卷羽鸡（1 733.78 g）>怀乡鸡（1 582.63 g），组间差异显著（P<0.05），母鸡各组差异不显著（P>0.05）；怀乡鸡生长峰值在8周龄，粤西卷羽鸡在12周龄，杂交公鸡在14周龄、母鸡在8周龄；怀乡鸡胸、腿肌水分含量较高，反交公鸡腿肌粗脂肪含量显著高于怀乡鸡与正交鸡（P<0.05）；粤西卷羽鸡胸、腿肌肌纤维直径及密度显著小于其他3组（P<0.05）；胸肌水分与肌纤维密度、粗蛋白与粗脂肪等指标间存在极显著相关（P<0.01）。粤西卷羽鸡与怀乡鸡的杂交后代生长性能优良，表现出明显杂种优势，且反交组合生长性能优于正交组合，为热带地区优质鸡配套组合筛选提供科学参考。

关键词: 粤西卷羽鸡, 怀乡鸡, 杂交, 生产性能, 肌肉品质, 肌肉组织特性

Abstract:

The study aimed to utilize the superior traits of Kirin chicken （a newly identified national genetic resource） and explore the heterosis mechanism of its cross with the local excellent Huaixiang chicken， this study compared the key production performance and muscle quality among Huaixiang chicken， Kirin chicken， and their reciprocal cross offspring， aiming to provide a basis for parental matching in high-quality broiler breeding in tropical and subtropical regions. Huaixiang chickens （strain A， strain C） and Kirin chickens （fast yellow-feather， slow yellow-feather） were used for a complete diallel cross experiment， with 4 mating combinations （Huaixiang purebred group， Kirin purebred group， orthogonal group， reverse-cross group）. Each group had 6 replicates （20 1-day-old healthy chicks per replicate， half male and half female， birth weight error within ±10% SD）， and relevant indicators were measured after 16 weeks of feeding. At 16 weeks of age， the average weight of cocks was reverse-cross chicken （1 790.69 g） > orthogonal chicken （1 761.67 g） > Kirin chicken （1 733.78 g） > Huaixiang chicken （1 582.63 g） with significant differences （P<0.05）， while no significant difference was found in hens （P>0.05）； the maximum growth rate of Huaixiang chicken appeared at 8 weeks， Kirin chicken at 12 weeks， hybrid cocks at 14 weeks， and hybrid hens at 8 weeks； Huaixiang chicken had higher moisture content in breast and leg muscles， and the crude fat content in leg muscles of reverse-cross cocks was significantly higher than that of Huaixiang and orthogonal cocks （P<0.05）； Kirin chicken had significantly smaller muscle fiber diameter and density in breast and leg muscles than the other 3 groups （P<0.05）； there were extremely significant correlations between indicators such as breast muscle moisture and muscle fiber density， crude protein and crude fat （P<0.01）. The hybrid offspring of Kirin and Huaixiang chickens showed excellent growth performance and obvious heterosis， with reverse-cross combinations outperforming orthogonal ones， providing a scientific reference for screening high-quality chicken matching combinations in tropical regions.

Key words: Kirin chicken, Huaixiang chicken, hybridization, production performance, muscle quality, histological characteristics of muscle

中图分类号:

S831.2

王志敬, 刘英明, 高振华, 尹福泉. 粤西卷羽鸡与怀乡鸡杂交配套组合的正反交效应研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026, 57(1): 167-180.

WANG Zhijing, LIU Yingming, GAO Zhenhua, YIN Fuquan. Study on the Reciprocal Cross Effects of Hybrid Combinations between Kirin Chicken and Huaixiang Chicken[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026, 57(1): 167-180.

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营养水平 Nutrient level	0~6周龄 0-6 weeks	7~16周龄 7-16 weeks
代谢能/（MJ·kg^-1） Metabolic energy	11.70	11.98
粗蛋白/% CP	21.35	18.45
钙/% Ca	1.00	0.90
有效磷/% Available phosphorus	0.41	0.35

周龄 Week	性别 Sex	怀乡鸡 Huaixiang chicken	粤西卷羽鸡 Kirin chicken	正交鸡 Orthogonal chicken	反交鸡 Reverse chicken	P值 P-value
0	公	30.96±2.10	32.16±2.44	30.90±1.65	30.93±2.43	>0.05
0	母	30.44±1.56	30.08±2.01	30.94±3.88	30.00±2.86	>0.05
1	公	60.94±9.11^b	84.03±11.51^a	85.39±11.39^a	79.65±10.84^a	<0.05
1	母	57.79±8.73^c	88.62±15.40^a	72.86±11.94^b	72.39±11.32^b	<0.05
2	公	105.76±22.82^b	161.50±26.71^a	142.69±27.80^a	153.37±19.74^a	<0.05
2	母	85.36±21.22^b	134.89±41.28^a	137.56±19.60^a	141.95±28.52^a	<0.05
3	公	154.87±26.27^b	204.90±26.48^a	199.81±20.63^a	217.71±31.26^a	<0.05
3	母	131.07±30.41^c	199.26±28.20^a	168.34±23.63^b	213.18±38.88^a	<0.05
4	公	233.96±50.69^b	276.28±28.13^a	279.69±39.34^a	304.09±68.15^a	<0.05
4	母	216.79±32.57^b	285.95±43.31^a	244.93±27.10^b	286.83±65.95^a	<0.05
5	公	266.60±48.60^c	348.62±25.43^b	345.31±33.30^b	415.88±65.63^a	<0.05
5	母	268.09±42.77^c	313.83±35.11^b	289.65±39.40^bc	348.66±40.09^a	<0.05
6	公	363.97±59.57^c	433.15±63.62^b	434.25±53.00^b	577.90±82.96^a	<0.05
6	母	331.04±62.85^c	397.83±40.61^b	383.17±49.03^b	453.29±58.72^a	<0.05
8	公	644.50±89.97^b	700.04±53.86^b	696.96±100.19^b	796.25±125.05^a	<0.05
8	母	584.04±99.09^c	632.09±63.04^bc	655.88±63.07^ab	708.42±65.06^a	<0.05
10	公	896.00±115.13^b	937.04±36.21^b	987.71±141.23^ab	1 075.17±184.71^a	<0.05
10	母	791.46±67.71^c	887.38±62.24^b	916.07±79.93^ab	962.08±111.12^a	<0.05
12	公	1 104.50±179.34^b	1 280.75±137.76^a	1 238.54±108.21^ab	1 273.33±214.55^a	<0.05
12	母	976.17±87.76^b	1 160.00±102.92^a	1 125.54±63.72^a	1 168.63±123.35^a	<0.05
14	公	1 318.58±122.56^b	1 620.25±201.14^a	1 578.67±150.19^a	1 596.63±193.48^a	<0.05
14	母	1 225.54±169.86	1 286.96±217.08	1 345.92±93.82	1 321.08±139.05	>0.05
16	公	1 582.63±189.05^b	1 733.78±257.57^ab	1 761.67±204.00^ab	1 790.69±187.52^a	<0.05
16	母	1 422.50±217.51	1 471.41±174.08	1 459.17±119.12	1 448.82±118.51	>0.05

周龄 Week	绝对生长速度/（g· d^-1） The absolute growth rate								相对生长速度/% The relative growth rate
周龄 Week	怀乡公Huai- xiangcock	怀乡母Huaixianghen	粤西卷羽公 Kirin cock	粤西卷羽母 Kirin hen	正交公 Orthogonalcock	正交母 Orthogonalhen	反交公Reverse-crosscock	反交母 Reverse-crossHen	怀乡公Huaixiangcock	怀乡母 Huaixianghen	粤西卷羽公 Kirin cock	粤西卷羽母 Kirin hen	正交公 Orthogonalcock	正交母 Orthogonalhen	反交公Reverse-crosscock	反交母 Reverse-crosshen
1	4.28	3.91	7.41	8.36	7.78	5.99	6.96	6.06	65.24	62.00	89.28	98.64	93.71	80.77	88.12	82.80
2	6.40	3.94	11.07	6.61	8.19	9.24	10.53	9.94	53.77	38.52	63.10	41.40	50.25	61.50	63.27	64.91
3	7.02	6.53	6.20	9.20	8.16	4.40	9.19	10.18	37.69	42.24	23.69	38.53	33.35	20.12	34.68	40.11
4	11.30	12.25	10.20	12.38	11.41	10.94	12.34	10.52	40.68	49.28	29.67	35.73	33.32	37.07	33.11	29.46
5	4.66	7.33	10.33	3.98	9.37	6.39	15.97	8.83	13.04	21.16	23.15	9.30	21.00	16.73	31.05	19.46
6	13.91	8.99	12.08	12.00	12.71	13.36	23.15	14.95	30.88	21.01	21.63	23.61	22.82	27.80	32.61	26.09
8	20.04	18.07	19.06	16.73	18.77	19.48	15.60	18.22	55.63	55.30	47.10	45.49	46.45	52.49	31.78	43.92
10	17.96	14.82	16.93	18.24	20.77	18.59	19.92	18.12	32.65	30.16	28.95	33.60	34.52	33.10	29.81	30.37
12	14.89	13.19	24.55	19.47	17.92	14.96	14.15	14.75	20.84	20.90	31.00	26.63	22.53	20.52	16.88	19.39
14	15.29	17.81	24.25	9.07	24.30	15.74	23.09	10.89	17.67	22.65	23.41	10.38	24.15	17.83	22.53	12.25
16	18.86	14.07	8.11	13.18	13.07	8.09	13.86	9.12	18.20	14.88	6.77	13.37	10.96	8.07	11.46	9.22

项目 Item	性别 Sex	怀乡鸡 Huaixiang chicken	粤西卷羽鸡 Kirin chicken	正交鸡 Orthogonal chicken	反交鸡 Reverse chicken
水分 Moisture	公	73.30±0.81^a	71.38±1.06^c	72.61±1.17^b	71.89±0.67^c
水分 Moisture	母	72.83±1.03^a	71.09±0.99^b	72.40±0.65^a	71.46±0.49^b
粗蛋白 Crude protein	公	27.84±1.29^a	26.37±1.15^b	27.39±1.22^a	27.03±1.52^ab
粗蛋白 Crude protein	母	23.29±1.00^b	24.24±0.85^a	23.46±0.69^b	24.34±0.49^a
粗脂肪 Crude fat	公	2.71±1.02	2.87±0.77	2.72±0.67	2.88±0.86
粗脂肪 Crude fat	母	3.65±1.24	3.53±1.24	3.65±1.32	3.46±0.75
粗灰分 Crude ash	公	4.85±0.53	4.96±0.43	4.88±0.56	4.98±0.54
粗灰分 Crude ash	母	5.43±0.40	5.24±0.29	5.47±0.61	5.18±0.44

项目 Item	性别 Sex	怀乡鸡 Huaixiang chicken	粤西卷羽鸡 Kirin chicken	正交鸡 Orthogonal chicken	反交鸡 Reverse chicken	P值 P-value
水分 Moisture	公	73.25±1.38^a	70.94±1.24^c	72.10±1.22^b	71.66±1.28^bc	<0.05
水分 Moisture	母	73.27±1.59^a	70.70±1.12^c	72.20±0.86^b	71.26±1.22^c	<0.05
粗蛋白 Crude protein	公	22.00±2.06^a	20.67±1.60^b	21.92±1.30^a	20.38±1.27^b	<0.05
粗蛋白 Crude protein	母	19.63±1.57	19.55±1.25	19.67±2.86	19.23±1.38	>0.05
粗脂肪 Crude fat	公	8.49±0.79^b	9.45±0.76^a	8.57±0.67^b	9.53±0.87^a	<0.05
粗脂肪 Crude fat	母	10.41±1.26	10.79±1.52	10.35±1.12	10.85±1.07	>0.05
粗灰分 Crude ash	公	5.00±0.35	5.01±0.43	5.03±0.60	5.08±0.30	>0.05
粗灰分 Crude ash	母	4.59±0.21^b	5.26±0.46^a	4.69±0.35^b	5.07±0.34^a	<0.05