

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (1): 120-135.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2026.01.011
刘晨龙1(
), 邓晓2, 林克团2, 万明春1, 杨文清2, 彭富贵2, 周泉勇1, 郑小明2, 谭美芳1, 季华员1(
)
收稿日期:2025-06-06
出版日期:2026-01-23
发布日期:2026-01-26
通讯作者:
季华员
E-mail:liuchenlong1204@163.com;jhy478731@163.com
作者简介:刘晨龙,副研究员,博士,主要从事畜禽遗传育种研究, Tel:0791-82728433,E-mail:liuchenlong1204@163.com
基金资助:
LIU Chenlong1(
), DENG Xiao2, LIN Ketuan2, WAN Mingchun1, YANG Wenqing2, PENG Fugui2, ZHOU Quanyong1, ZHENG Xiaoming2, TAN Meifang1, JI Huayuan1(
)
Received:2025-06-06
Online:2026-01-23
Published:2026-01-26
Contact:
JI Huayuan
E-mail:liuchenlong1204@163.com;jhy478731@163.com
摘要:
旨在研究玉山黑猪与其3个不同二元杂交组合个体在生产性能、肉质性状和血清生化指标上的差异,为玉山黑猪的杂交利用提供参考。本研究选择健康的玉山黑猪及其二元杂交猪为研究对象,试验分为玉山黑猪(YY)、杜玉(DY)、巴玉(BY)和山玉(SY)4个试验组,每个组3个重复,每个重复5头猪。所有试验猪只统一阉割处理,并在体重相近时进行育肥试验,饲料营养水平和饲养管理均一致。统一饲养至250 d时,每个试验组各选择8头(阉公母各半)进行屠宰测定,并采集分离血清,检测血清生化指标。结果表明:1)DY组育肥前期平均日增重(ADG)最大、BY组育肥后期ADG最大,BY组整个育肥期ADG最大,3个杂交组的育肥期ADG均极显著高于YY组(P<0.01)。2)YY组育肥前期料重比(FCR)显著高于DY组(P<0.01)和BY组(P<0.05)、育肥后期FCR极显著高于BY组(P<0.01),YY组整个育肥期FCR最高,BY组FCR最低。3)BY组育肥后期ADG显著高于育肥前期ADG(P<0.05),其余3组育肥前期和育肥后期ADG无显著差异(P>0.05)。4)4个试验组的育肥后期FCR均显著高于育肥前期FCR(P<0.05)。5)3个二元杂交组的屠宰性能相比于YY组均有极显著提升。6)相关性分析发现,大部分屠宰性状之间以及屠宰性状和育肥性状之间呈显著正相关(P<0.05),但育肥前期ADG和肥肉率呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。7)YY组的肌内脂肪含量极显著高于BY组和SY组(P<0.01),DY组的大理石纹评分显著高于BY组(P<0.05),SY组的滴水损失极显著高于YY组和DY组(P<0.01),BY组的剪切力极显著高于YY组(P<0.01),BY组的熟肉率极显著高于SY组(P<0.01)。8)YY组与3个二元杂交组血清中免疫指标、过氧化氢酶和总抗氧化能力的抗氧化指标以及血脂指标的水平无显著差异(P > 0.05),但谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平极显著低于SY组(P<0.01)、丙二醛水平极显著高于DY组(P<0.01)、超氧化物歧化酶水平显著高于SY组(P<0.05)以及血糖水平显著低于BY组(P<0.05)和SY组(P<0.01)。综上所述,3个二元杂交猪在生长发育、料重比和屠宰性能等重要生产指标上相比于纯种玉山黑猪均有显著提高,但肌肉品质有所下降,而免疫和抗氧化能力均未有显著改变。本研究结果表明,杜玉和巴玉二元杂交组合更适用于玉山黑猪的杂交利用。
中图分类号:
刘晨龙, 邓晓, 林克团, 万明春, 杨文清, 彭富贵, 周泉勇, 郑小明, 谭美芳, 季华员. 玉山黑猪及其不同杂交组合生产性能、肉质性状和血清生化指标的比较研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2026, 57(1): 120-135.
LIU Chenlong, DENG Xiao, LIN Ketuan, WAN Mingchun, YANG Wenqing, PENG Fugui, ZHOU Quanyong, ZHENG Xiaoming, TAN Meifang, JI Huayuan. Comparative Study on Production Performance, Meat Quality Traits and Serum Biochemical Indicators between Yushan Black Pig and Its Different Cross Combinations[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2026, 57(1): 120-135.
表1
玉山黑猪及其杂交猪育肥性能比较分析结果"
指标 Index | 玉山黑猪(n=3) YY (n=3) | 杜玉(n=3) DY (n=3) | 巴玉(n=3) BY (n=3) | 山玉(n=3) SY (n=3) | P-值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 育肥前期增重/kgWeight gain of EFP | 141.07±7.37Bb | 190.00±2.14Aa | 183.80±2.50Aa | 176.60±2.53Aa | 1.59e-04 |
| 育肥前期ADG/kgThe ADG of EFP | 1.91±0.10Bb | 2.57±0.03Aa | 2.48±0.03Aa | 2.39±0.03Aa | 1.59e-04 |
| 育肥前期耗料量/kgThe feed consumption of EFP | 408.10±0.61Bc | 471.67±0.18Aa | 471.40±0.42Aab | 470.20±0.42Ab | 1.56e-13 |
| 育肥前期FCRThe FCR of EFP | 2.91±0.14Aa | 2.48±0.03Bb | 2.57±0.04ABb | 2.66±0.04ABab | 0.019 7 |
| 育肥后期增重/kgWeight gain of LFP | 222.93±3.99Bc | 259.67±5.72Bb | 316.13±4.97Aa | 253.73±16.98Bbc | 8.37e-04 |
| 育肥后期ADG/kgThe ADG of LFP | 2.01±0.04Bc | 2.34±0.05Bb | 2.85±0.04Aa | 2.29±0.15Bbc | 8.37e-04 |
| 育肥后期耗料量/kgThe feed consumption of LFP | 1 046.90±0.61Cd | 1 149.33±11.72ABb | 1 189.93±10.77Aa | 1 104.80±12.20Bc | 4.69e-05 |
| 育肥后期FCRThe FCR of LFP | 4.70±0.08Aa | 4.43±0.13ABa | 3.77±0.08Bb | 4.39±0.29ABa | 0.023 7 |
| 育肥期增重/kgWeight gain of FP | 364.00±4.13Cc | 449.67±7.03Bb | 499.93±2.79Aa | 430.33±15.42Bb | 3.48e-05 |
| 育肥期ADG/kgThe ADG of FP | 1.97±0.02Cc | 2.43±0.04Bb | 2.7±0.02Aa | 2.33±0.08Bb | 3.48e-05 |
| 育肥期耗料量/kgThe feed consumption of FP | 1 455.00±0.00Cd | 1 621.00±11.59ABb | 1 661.33±10.67Aa | 1 575.00±12.58Bc | 2.83e-06 |
| 育肥期FCR The FCR of FP | 4.00±0.04Aa | 3.61±0.08Bb | 3.32±0.03Bc | 3.67±0.12ABb | 0.001 7 |
表2
玉山黑猪及其杂交猪胴体性状比较分析结果"
指标 Index | 玉山黑猪(n=8) YY (n=8) | 杜玉(n=8) DY (n=8) | 巴玉(n=8) BY (n=8) | 山玉(n=8) SY (n=8) | P-值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 宰前活重/kg Live weight | 97.75±1.85Bb | 111.35±3.45Aa | 120.00±3.72Aa | 112.05±2.81Aa | 2.13e-04 |
| 胴体重/kg Carcass weight | 72.60±1.71Bb | 85.05±2.53Aa | 91.31±3.04Aa | 85.21±2.45Aa | 1.17e-04 |
| 屠宰率/% Dressing percentage | 74.23±0.49Bb | 76.40±0.33Aa | 76.07±0.50ABa | 76.01±0.66ABa | 0.022 2 |
| 皮重/kg Skin weight | 4.53±0.23Aa | 3.35±0.21Bb | 4.08±0.31ABa | 4.28±0.19ABa | 0.011 7 |
| 皮率/% Skin rate | 13.86±0.69Aa | 8.59±0.59Bc | 9.60±0.52Bbc | 10.63±0.60Bb | 7.37e-06 |
| 骨重/kg Bone weight | 2.57±0.09Bb | 3.31±0.13Aa | 3.00±0.19ABab | 3.24±0.17Aa | 0.007 9 |
| 骨率/% Bone rate | 7.87±0.24ABab | 8.46±0.34Aa | 7.06±0.27Bb | 8.01±0.38ABa | 0.029 9 |
| 肥肉重/kg Fat weight | 14.14±0.40Bc | 14.22±0.87Bbc | 18.07±0.60Aa | 16.26±0.90ABab | 0.001 5 |
| 肥肉率/% Fat rate | 43.22±1.05Aa | 36.12±1.54Bb | 42.95±1.58Aa | 39.98±1.40ABab | 0.004 1 |
| 瘦肉重/kg Lean meat weight | 11.49±0.42Bb | 18.34±0.53Aa | 17.09±0.83Aa | 16.75±0.54Aa | 3.57e-08 |
| 瘦肉率/% Lean meat rate | 35.05±0.73Cc | 46.83±0.75Aa | 40.39±1.23Bb | 41.38±0.74Bb | 8.01e-09 |
| 后腿重/kg Hind leg weight | 8.55±0.25Bb | 11.33±0.34Aa | 12.03±0.34Aa | 11.46±0.31Aa | 5.35e-08 |
后腿占胴体比例/% Proportion of hind leg to carcass | 23.63±0.65Bb | 26.48±0.31Aa | 26.45±0.55Aa | 27.05±0.53Aa | 3.31e-04 |
肩部最厚处背膘厚/mm Backfat thickness at the thickestpart of the shoulder | 62.12±2.51Aa | 59.16±2.02Aa | 64.34±2.88Aa | 59.60±2.43Aa | 0.433 0 |
最后肋骨处背膘厚/mm Backfat thickness at the last rib | 41.71±2.14Bb | 42.34±2.82ABb | 53.97±3.98Aa | 37.49±3.00Bb | 0.004 8 |
腰荐结合处背膘厚/mm Backfat thickness at the waist joint | 32.28±1.70Bb | 34.70±1.84ABb | 42.40±3.25Aa | 30.33±2.71Bb | 0.009 4 |
平均背膘厚/mm Average backfat thickness | 45.37±1.64ABb | 45.40±2.05ABb | 53.57±3.13Aa | 42.47±1.95Bb | 0.011 0 |
| 皮厚/mm Skin thickness | 5.70±0.56Aa | 3.53±0.33Bb | 4.26±0.33ABb | 4.14±0.41ABb | 0.008 3 |
| 胴体长/cm Carcass length | 74.36±1.33Aa | 76.75±1.15Aa | 76.94±1.82Aa | 77.38±0.89Aa | 0.399 0 |
| 肋骨数 Rib number | 14.00±0.00Cc | 15.00±0.00Aa | 15.00±0.00Aa | 14.38±0.18Bb | 9.49e-09 |
| 眼肌面积/cm2 Loin eye area | 19.96±0.89Cc | 38.07±1.28Aa | 28.12±2.21Bb | 30.28±1.43Bb | 7.62e-08 |
| 头重/kg Head weight | 6.53±0.22Bb | 6.85±0.23ABab | 7.43±0.24Aa | 7.15±0.18ABab | 0.041 6 |
| 总板油重/kg Total leaf fat weight | 4.14±0.25Aab | 3.76±0.27Abc | 4.77±0.25Aa | 3.54±0.37Ac | 0.041 0 |
表3
玉山黑猪及其杂交猪脏器比较分析结果"
指标 Index | 玉山黑猪(n=8) YY (n=8) | 杜玉(n=8) DY (n=8) | 巴玉(n=8) BY (n=8) | 山玉(n=8) SY (n=8) | P-值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 心脏重/kg Heart weight | 0.24±0.01Cc | 0.35±0.02Aa | 0.29±0.01BCb | 0.31±0.02ABab | 3.25e-05 |
| 胃重/kg Stomach weight | 0.53±0.03Bb | 0.63±0.03Aa | 0.60±0.02ABa | 0.64±0.02Aa | 0.009 3 |
| 肝脏重/kg Liver weight | 1.01±0.03Bb | 1.24±0.09Aa | 1.23±0.05Aa | 1.28±0.04Aa | 0.009 7 |
| 脾脏重/kg Spleen weight | 0.14±0.00Bb | 0.19±0.01Aa | 0.15±0.01Bb | 0.14±0.01Bb | 4.02e-04 |
| 肾脏重/kg Kidney weight | 0.25±0.01Aa | 0.27±0.01Aa | 0.27±0.01Aa | 0.27±0.01Aa | 0.963 0 |
| 肺重/kg Lung weight | 1.38±0.11Bc | 1.74±0.08ABab | 1.55±0.11ABbc | 1.87±0.10Aa | 0.009 4 |
表4
胴体性状与脏器性状Pearson相关性系数绝对值|R|>0.8且P<0.05结果统计表"
指标1 Index 1 | 指标2 Index 2 | 相关性系数 Correlation coefficient | P值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| 胴体重 Carcass weight | 宰前活重 Live weight | 0.986 | 0 |
| 胴体重 Carcass weight | 后腿重 Hind leg weight | 0.880 | 3.35e-11 |
| 胴体重 Carcass weight | 瘦肉重 Lean meat weight | 0.805 | 2.80e-08 |
| 后腿重 Hind leg weight | 瘦肉重 Lean meat weight | 0.914 | 2.60e-13 |
| 后腿重 Hind leg weight | 宰前活重 Live weight | 0.850 | 7.73e-10 |
| 皮率 Skin rate | 皮重 Skin weight | 0.815 | 1.34e-08 |
| 平均背膘厚 Average backfat thickness | 最后肋骨处背膘厚 Backfat thickness at the last rib | 0.949 | 0 |
| 平均背膘厚 Average backfat thickness | 腰荐结合处背膘厚 Backfat thickness at the waist joint | 0.896 | 4.09e-12 |
| 瘦肉率 Lean meat rate | 眼肌面积 Loin eye area | 0.847 | 1.03e-09 |
| 瘦肉率 Lean meat rate | 瘦肉重 Lean meat weight | 0.831 | 4.06e-09 |
| 瘦肉重 Lean meat weight | 眼肌面积 Loin eye area | 0.845 | 1.21e-09 |
| 瘦肉重 Lean meat weight | 心脏重 Heart weight | 0.802 | 3.43e-08 |
腰荐结合处背膘厚 Backfat thickness at the waist joint | 最后肋骨处背膘厚 Backfat thickness at the last rib | 0.843 | 1.38e-09 |
| 肥肉率 Fat rate | 瘦肉率 Lean meat rate | -0.810 | 2.02e-08 |
表5
玉山黑猪及其杂交猪肉质性状比较分析结果"
指标 Index | 玉山黑猪(n=8) YY (n = 8) | 杜玉(n=8) DY (n = 8) | 巴玉(n=8) BY (n = 8) | 山玉(n=8) SY (n = 8) | P-值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 肉色评分 Meat color score | 3.19±0.03Aab | 3.13±0.03Ab | 3.38±0.06Aab | 3.56±0.07Aa | 0.175 3 |
| L | 43.79±0.25Aa | 43.95±0.21Aa | 42.4±0.25Aa | 42.23±0.38Aa | 0.290 8 |
| a | 2.42±0.21Aa | 1.49±0.15Aab | 0.87±0.04Ab | 1.83±0.19Aab | 0.140 5 |
| b | 9.74±0.07Aa | 9.79±0.13Aa | 8.54±0.09Bb | 8.94±0.13ABab | 0.015 7 |
| pH1 | 6.64±0.02Aa | 6.54±0.02Aa | 6.37±0.04Aa | 6.55±0.04Aa | 0.292 3 |
| pH24 | 5.91±0.04Aa | 5.78±0.02Aa | 5.97±0.05Aa | 6.04±0.04Aa | 0.402 3 |
| 大理石纹评分 Marbling score | 2.25±0.13Aab | 2.75±0.10Aa | 1.94±0.05Ab | 2.06±0.06Aab | 0.139 9 |
| 肌内脂肪含量/%Intramuscular fat content | 4.40±0.64Aa | 3.83±0.68ABab | 2.33±0.33Bb | 2.34±0.37Bb | 0.017 1 |
| 滴水损失/% Drip loss | 1.11±0.06Bbc | 0.86±0.04Bc | 1.60±0.06ABab | 1.89±0.10Aa | 0.003 9 |
| 剪切力/N Shear force | 48.21±2.87Bc | 72.55±4.83ABb | 98.29±12.72Aa | 81.38±6.41Aab | 8.25e-04 |
| 熟肉率/% Cooked meat percentage | 68.68±0.44ABb | 69.09±0.28ABb | 73.09±0.63Aa | 67.84±0.41Bb | 0.036 2 |
表6
玉山黑猪及其杂交猪血清免疫和抗氧化指标比较分析结果"
指标 Index | 玉山黑猪(n=8) YY (n=8) | 杜玉(n=8) DY (n=8) | 巴玉(n=8) BY (n=8) | 山玉(n=8) SY (n=8) | P-值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IgA/(μg·mL‒1) | 33.30±1.16ABab | 29.50±0.62Bb | 36.66±2.49Aa | 36.26±1.72Aa | 0.016 7 |
| IgG/(μg·mL‒1) | 309.18±7.45Aab | 276.18±9.47Ab | 332.61±12.74Aa | 336.28±27.56Aa | 0.054 1 |
| IgM/(μg·mL‒1) | 38.03±1.01Aa | 35.31±2.03Aa | 38.97±1.79Aa | 39.36±2.84Aa | 0.496 9 |
| CAT/(U·mL‒1) | 12.07±2.05Aa | 11.07±2.22Aa | 8.90±1.54Aa | 11.48±1.93Aa | 0.683 4 |
| GSH-Px/(U·mL‒1) | 3 360.33±132.19BCbc | 2 996.69±269.91Cc | 3 870.25±158.68ABab | 4 166.53±188.30Aa | 9.93e-04 |
| MDA/(nmol·mL‒1) | 5.47±0.80Aa | 2.56±0.46Bb | 4.79±0.67ABa | 4.70±0.86ABa | 0.042 5 |
| SOD/(U·mL‒1) | 50.08±3.32Aa | 40.17±2.86Aab | 43.99±1.92Aab | 37.90±4.94Ab | 0.088 7 |
| T-AOC/(mmol·L‒1) | 0.35±0.02Aa | 0.31±0.03Aa | 0.33±0.02Aa | 0.29±0.04Aa | 0.341 4 |
表7
玉山黑猪及其杂交猪血糖和血脂指标比较分析结果"
指标 Index | 玉山黑猪(n=8) YY (n=8) | 杜玉(n=8) DY (n=8) | 巴玉(n=8) BY (n=8) | 山玉(n=8) SY (n=8) | P-值 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GLU/(mmol·L‒1) | 5.17±0.51Bc | 6.24±0.36Bbc | 6.96±0.58ABab | 8.23±0.51Aa | 0.001 4 |
| TG/(mmol·L‒1) | 0.94±0.07ABab | 1.08±0.05Aa | 1.08±0.07Aa | 0.79±0.06Bb | 0.006 0 |
| TC/(mmol·L‒1) | 2.60±0.14Aa | 2.52±0.14Aa | 2.65±0.15Aa | 2.51±0.16Aa | 0.893 2 |
| LDL-C/(mmol‒L-1) | 2.78±0.18Aa | 2.62±0.16Aa | 2.91±0.19Aa | 2.74±0.21Aa | 0.749 4 |
| HDL-C/(mmol·L‒1) | 2.06±0.10Aa | 2.22±0.12Aa | 2.13±0.11Aa | 2.11±0.10Aa | 0.755 4 |
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