荷斯坦牛日反刍时间和产奶量的影响因素分析及遗传参数估计

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.03.019

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (3): 1180-1188.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.03.019

荷斯坦牛日反刍时间和产奶量的影响因素分析及遗传参数估计

王子晨¹(), 张娜¹, 张琬婷¹, 朱浩¹, 卢徐斌¹, 田雨², 葛继文², 王永宽², 陈玉海², 王雅春³, 杨章平¹, 毛永江¹^,*()

1. 扬州大学动物科学与技术学院, 扬州 225009
2. 南京卫岗乳业有限公司, 南京 211113
3. 中国农业大学动物科学技术学院, 北京 100193

收稿日期:2024-09-09 出版日期:2025-03-23 发布日期:2025-04-02
通讯作者: 毛永江 E-mail:shirleywang2020@126.com;cattle@yzu.edu.cn
作者简介:王子晨(1997-)，女，河南平顶山人，博士，主要从事奶牛遗传育种研究，E-mail: shirleywang2020@126.com
基金资助:
国家农业重大科技项目(NK20221201)；农业生物育种国家科技重大专项(2023ZD0406805)；江苏省种业振兴“揭榜挂帅”项目畜禽核心种源攻关(JBGS[2021]115)；研究生科研创新计划项目(KYCX23_3588)

Analysis of Influencing Factors and Estimation of Genetic Parameters on Daily Rumination Time and Daily Milk Yield in Holstein Cows

WANG Zichen¹(), ZHANG Na¹, ZHANG Wanting¹, ZHU Hao¹, LU Xubin¹, TIAN Yu², GE Jiwen², WANG Yongkuan², CHEN Yuhai², WANG Yachun³, YANG Zhangping¹, MAO Yongjiang¹^,*()

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
2. Nanjing Weigang Dairy Co., Ltd., Nanjing 211113, China
3. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Received:2024-09-09 Online:2025-03-23 Published:2025-04-02
Contact: MAO Yongjiang E-mail:shirleywang2020@126.com;cattle@yzu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究荷斯坦牛日反刍时间和产奶量的影响因素分析与遗传参数估计。本研究通过智能项圈记录持续收集山东某牧场2022年12月至2023年12月期间1 223头中国荷斯坦泌乳母牛271 113条日反刍时间和日产奶量数据，使用SPSS Ver26.0软件中的一般线性模型分析季节、胎次、泌乳阶段和温湿度指数对牛只日反刍时间和日产奶量的影响；基于DMU软件中的平均信息约束估计最大似然法模块并配合多性状重复力模型对不同泌乳阶段下荷斯坦牛日反刍时间和日产奶量进行遗传分析。结果显示，日反刍时间平均值为(523.4±82.66) min·d^-1，日产奶量平均值为(39.58±10.76) kg·d^-1；不同季节、胎次、泌乳阶段和温湿度指数对日反刍时间和日产奶量均有显著影响；不同泌乳阶段的日反刍时间遗传力估计值范围在0.02~0.17，属于中低遗传力性状；除101~200 d外，不同泌乳阶段下日产奶量遗传力估计值范围在0.13~0.53，属于中高遗传力性状。此外，日反刍时间和日产奶量在5~40 d、41~100 d、101~200 d均为强遗传相关(0.45~0.99)，在5~40 d和41~100 d为强表型相关(0.59~0.99)。基于智能项圈高通量收集的奶牛反刍时间为中等遗传力性状，且与日产奶量呈较强的相关性，对反刍时间的选择可为产奶性状的选育提供新方向。

关键词: 荷斯坦牛, 日反刍时间, 日产奶量, 遗传分析

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the analysis of influencing factors and the estimation of genetic parameters of daily rumination time and daily milk yield of Holstein cows. Daily rumination time and daily milk yield were continuously collected from a pasture in Shandong Province from December 2022 to December 2023 by intelligent collar recording. Total 271 113 milk and daily rumination data were collected from 1 223 Chinese Holstein dairy cows; the effects of season, parity, lactation stage and temperature and humidity index (THI) on daily rumination time and daily milk yield were analyzed using a general linear model in SPSS Ver26.0 software; the maximum likelihood component estimates of each trait (covariate) were obtained based on the AI-REML module of DMU software, and the rumination time and daily milk genetic analysis of Holstein cows at different lactation stages were performed with the multi-trait repeatability animal model. It showed that the average daily rumination time was (523.4±82.66) min·d^-1 and the average daily milk production was (39.58±10.76) kg·d^-1. Different seasons, parity, lactation stages and THI had significant effects on rumination time and daily milk production. The heritability estimates of rumination time at different lactation stages ranged from 0.02 to 0.17, belonging to medium and low heritability traits; except for 101-200 days, the estimated heritability of daily milk production at different lactation stages ranged from 0.13-0.53, which belonged to medium to high heritability traits. In addition, the daily rumination time and daily milk yield had strong genetic correlation (0.45-0.99) at 5-40, 41-100 and 101-200 d period, and strong phenotypic correlation (0.59-0.99) at 5-40 and 41-100 d period. The rumination time collected by collar is a moderate heritability trait and has certain correlation with milk production traits. Strengthening the selection of rumination time can provide a new direction for the selection and breeding of milk production traits.

Key words: Holstein cows, daily rumination time, daily milk yield, genetic analysis

中图分类号:

S823.2

王子晨, 张娜, 张琬婷, 朱浩, 卢徐斌, 田雨, 葛继文, 王永宽, 陈玉海, 王雅春, 杨章平, 毛永江. 荷斯坦牛日反刍时间和产奶量的影响因素分析及遗传参数估计[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(3): 1180-1188.

WANG Zichen, ZHANG Na, ZHANG Wanting, ZHU Hao, LU Xubin, TIAN Yu, GE Jiwen, WANG Yongkuan, CHEN Yuhai, WANG Yachun, YANG Zhangping, MAO Yongjiang. Analysis of Influencing Factors and Estimation of Genetic Parameters on Daily Rumination Time and Daily Milk Yield in Holstein Cows[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(3): 1180-1188.

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性状Trait	均值Mean	标准差SD	最小值Min	最大值Max
日反刍时间/(min·d^-1) Daily rumination time	523.40	82.66	50.0	907.0
日产奶量/(kg·d^-1) Daily milk yield	39.58	10.76	5.0	79.7

因素 Effect	水平 Level	样本量 N	日反刍时间/(min·d^-1) Daily rumination time	日产奶量/(kg·d^-1) Daily milk yield
季节	春	69 849	528.13±80.76^b	40.48±10.26^b
Season	夏	67 064	529.78±76.44^a	37.25±9.78^d
	秋	70 042	523.14±88.01^c	38.82±11.31^c
	冬	64 158	511.86±83.71^d	41.85±11.07^a
胎次	1	62 570	515.76±79.92^d	34.53±7.30^e
Parity	2	86 044	521.00±76.22^c	40.01±10.08^c
	3	63 258	532.74±83.35^a	43.28±11.73^a
	4	28 377	525.21±89.69^b	41.03±11.28^b
	≥5	30 864	524.78±94.45^b	39.67±12.02^d
泌乳阶段	5~40 d	39 736	502.31±105.15^d	43.24±11.95^b
Lactation stage	41~100 d	59 298	534.55±80.03^a	45.01±10.51^a
	101~200 d	90 051	528.14±76.64^b	40.42±8.91^c
	201~305 d	82 028	520.35±76.22^c	32.96±8.61^d
温湿度指数	≤40	7 754	513.18±87.75^d	42.82±11.15^a
Temperature and humidity index	40~49	11 937	526.49±85.90^b	42.00±11.34^a
	50~59	13 603	521.67±90.41^c	41.44±11.44^b
	60~67	20 244	522.07±87.30^c	39.67±11.09^c
	68~72	20 962	531.94±80.01^a	37.31±10.12^d
	73~80	40 791	531.79±76.90^a	36.90±9.73^e
	81~90	10 235	521.61±78.35^c	36.49±9.23^f

性状Trait	日反刍时间Daily rumination time	日产奶量Daily milk yield
日反刍时间Daily rumination time	0.14±0.03	0.29^**
日产奶量Daily milk yield	0.52	0.57±0.05

泌乳阶段Lactation stage	日反刍时间遗传力Daily rumination time	日产奶量遗传力Daily milk yield
5~40 d	0.13±0.03	0.13±0.02
41~100 d	0.17±0.03	0.19±0.03
101~200 d	0.02±0.03	0.02±0.06
201~305 d	0.05±0.03	0.53±0.08

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荷斯坦牛日反刍时间和产奶量的影响因素分析及遗传参数估计

Analysis of Influencing Factors and Estimation of Genetic Parameters on Daily Rumination Time and Daily Milk Yield in Holstein Cows

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