不同出生季节对天津地区荷斯坦牛泌乳性能的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.05.015

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (5): 1970-1977.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.05.015

不同出生季节对天津地区荷斯坦牛泌乳性能的影响

陈丽丽^1,2,3, 赵康^4,5, 夏敏⁵, 芦娜^1,2,3, 马毅^1,2,3*

1. 天津市农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 天津 300381;
2. 天津市畜禽分子育种与生物技术重点实验室, 天津 300381;
3. 天津市畜禽健康养殖工程技术中心, 天津 300381;
4. 天津嘉立荷牧业集团有限公司, 天津 300404;
5. 天津天食牛种业有限公司, 天津 300404

收稿日期:2023-11-10 出版日期:2024-05-23 发布日期:2024-05-27
通讯作者: 马毅，主要从事奶牛良种繁育研究，E-mail：tjnnyz@126.com
作者简介:陈丽丽(1986-)，女，黑龙江五常人，硕士，畜牧师，主要从事奶牛繁育及营养调控研究，E-mail：chenlili0609@163.com；赵康(1979-)，男，河北永清人，硕士，高级畜牧师，主要从事动物遗传育种研究，E-mail：zhaokang1980@126.com。陈丽丽和赵康为同等贡献作者
基金资助:
天津市种业专项(22ZXZYSN00020)；天津市科技计划项目(22ZYCGSN00020；23ZYCGSN00160)；天津市奶牛产业技术体系(ITTCRS2021000)；天津市农业科学院种业自主创新专项(2023ZYCX011)

Effect of Birth Season on Holstein Lactation Performance in Tianjin Area

CHEN Lili^1,2,3, ZHAO Kang^4,5, XIA Min⁵, LU Na^1,2,3, MA Yi^1,2,3*

1. Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300381, China;
2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal Molecular Breeding and Biotechnology, Tianjin 300381, China;
3. Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Animal Healthy Farming, Tianjin 300381, China;
4. Tianjin Jialihe Animal Husbandry Group Company Limited, Tianjin 300404, China;
5. Tianjin Tianshi Cattle Seed Industry Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300404, China

Received:2023-11-10 Online:2024-05-23 Published:2024-05-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在研究出生季节对荷斯坦牛泌乳性能的影响。本研究收集筛选天津市2020—2023年5个牧场9 515 头奶牛的128 346 条DHI测定记录，包括出生日期、胎次、日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、305天产奶量等数据，运用SPSS22.0软件中的一般线性模型分析不同出生季节、不同胎次、不同场、出生年份等效应对泌乳性能的影响；使用wood模型拟合不同出生季节不同胎次的泌乳曲线，以出生季节为自变量，以泌乳曲线拟合所得参数计算二级参数：泌乳高峰日、高峰产奶量、泌乳持续力为因变量，运用单因素方差分析法分析不同出生季节对各胎次奶牛泌乳性能的影响。不同出生季节、不同胎次、出生季节×胎次互作对泌乳性能均有极显著影响(P<0.01)；冬季出生牛只1胎及2胎时日产奶量较其它季节出生牛只高，差异显著(P<0.05)；夏季出生牛只不同胎次时平均乳脂率及平均乳蛋白率较其它季节出生牛只高，2胎、3胎及以上时差异显著(P<0.05)；冬季出生牛只1胎次时305天产奶量和成年当量显著高于其它季节出生牛只(P<0.05)，秋季出生牛只2胎次及3胎次时305天产奶量和成年当量显著高于其它季节相应胎次牛只(P<0.05)；秋季出牛只不同胎次时泌乳高峰日到来最早，秋季出牛只2胎、3胎及以上牛只高峰奶量最高。天津地区荷斯坦牛出生季节、胎次、出生场及出生季节×胎次互作效应对泌乳性能均有极显著影响；秋季出生牛只2、3胎次时305天产奶量最高、泌乳高峰到来最早、高峰奶量最高。

关键词: 荷斯坦牛, 出生季节, 胎次, 泌乳性能, 泌乳曲线

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of birth season on milk performance in dairy cows. The 128 346 DHI measurements were collected from 9 515 dairy cows in Tianjin between 2020 and 2023, these data included birth date, daily milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, and 305-day milk yield. The effects of different birth seasons, birth orders, fields and birth years on lactation performance were analyzed using the general linear model of SPSS22.0 software. Wood models were employed to fit lactation curves for different birth seasons and parities, taking the birth season as the independent variable, the parameters obtained from the lactation curve fitting were used to calculate the secondary parameters: the peak day of lactation, peak milk yield, and lactation persistence as the dependent variables, while single-factor analysis of variance was used to assess the impact of birth season on milk performance. Birth seasons, different parity, birth season×parity interaction had significant effects on lactation performance (P<0.01).Calves born during winter exhibited significantly higher milk yield at one and two parities compared to calves born during other seasons(P<0.05). Calves born during summer showed higher average milk fat percentage and average milk protein percentage than those born in other seasons at various parity levels, these differences were significant at second parity onwards (P<0.05). Furthermore, calves born during winter had significantly higher 305-day milk yield and adult equivalent compared to other seasons (P<0.05), while autumn-born calves at second and third parities demonstrated significantly higher values for these parameters compared to corresponding parities in other seasons (P<0.05). Autumn cows displayed an earlier peak lactation day across different parities with the highest peak volume observed among those with two or more parities. Birth season, parity level, birth field, the interaction effect between birth season and parity level had a highly significant influence on milk performance of Holstein cattle in Tianjin area. The 305 days milk yield of autumn-born calves after 2,3 births were the highest, their milk peak day came earliest and the peak milk yield were highest.

Key words: Holstein, birth season, birth order, milk performance, lactation curve

中图分类号:

S823.2

陈丽丽, 赵康, 夏敏, 芦娜, 马毅. 不同出生季节对天津地区荷斯坦牛泌乳性能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(5): 1970-1977.

CHEN Lili, ZHAO Kang, XIA Min, LU Na, MA Yi. Effect of Birth Season on Holstein Lactation Performance in Tianjin Area[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(5): 1970-1977.

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不同出生季节对天津地区荷斯坦牛泌乳性能的影响

Effect of Birth Season on Holstein Lactation Performance in Tianjin Area

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