我国奶牛基因组选择技术应用进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.10.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基因组选择（GS）的基本原理是基于全基因组高密度标记（主要是SNPs）来评估和选择基因优良的个体。利用该技术，可以实现不依赖表型信息对青年公牛及后备母牛进行早期准确选择，将奶牛育种周期由5~6年缩短至2年左右，大幅度缩短世代间隔，从而显著降低育种成本，加快群体遗传进展。2009年美国率先公布荷斯坦青年公牛的基因组综合选择指数，标志着奶牛育种进入了基因组选择时代。本文从1）基因组选择基本过程及优势；2）奶业发达国家的基因组选择应用现状，包括参考群体大小、选育性状及应用效果；3）我国奶牛基因组选择分子育种技术体系的建立与应用效果这3个方面进行了系统综述，旨在为我国的奶牛育种工作提供借鉴与指导。

关键词: 奶牛, 中国荷斯坦牛, 基因组选择, 遗传进展, 应用效果

Abstract: The basic principle of genomic selection (GS) is to evaluate and select the genetically excellent individuals based on genome-wide high-density markers (mainly SNPs). By using genomic selection technology, it is available to accurately select young bulls and heifers early in life without relying on phenotypic information, thereby reducing the generation interval from 5-6 years to around 2 years, and drastically shortening generation intervals, thereby significantly reducing breeding costs and accelerating genetic progress in the population. In 2009, genomic selection technology has been first applied to the genetic evaluation of Holstein young bulls, marking the beginning of a new era in dairy cattle breeding. Herein, this review systematically summerizes the basic process and advantages of genomic selection, the current status of genomic selection applications in developed countries in the dairy industry, including the reference population size, selection traits and application effects, and the establishment and application effects of the genomic selection molecular breeding technology system for Chinese Holstein cattle, with the aim of providing references and directions for dairy cattle breeding program in China.

Key words: dairy cattle, Chinese Holstein, genomic selection, genetic progress, application effects

中图分类号:

S823.91

孙东晓, 张胜利, 张勤, 李姣, 张桂香, 刘丑生, 郑伟杰. 我国奶牛基因组选择技术应用进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(10): 4028-4039.

SUN Dongxiao, ZHANG Shengli, ZHANG Qin, LI Jiao, ZHANG Guixiang, LIU Chousheng, ZHENG Weijie. Application Progress on Genomic Selection Technology for Dairy Cattle in China[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(10): 4028-4039.

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