荷斯坦牛泌乳前期体况评分及其对泌乳性能和离群寿命的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.09.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究荷斯坦牛泌乳前期体况评分（body condition score，BCS）的影响因素及BCS对生产性能和离群寿命的影响，本研究收集江苏省某大型牛场2018年1月至2020年12月共7 811头荷斯坦牛泌乳前期BCS、生产性能测定（dairy herd improvement，DHI）结果及淘汰记录，利用多因素方差分析法在分析奶牛泌乳前期BCS变化及影响因素基础上，重点分析泌乳前期BCS及其变化对泌乳性能和离群寿命的影响，利用Cox回归对泌乳前期不同BCS的荷斯坦牛生存曲线进行绘制，并对不同BCS荷斯坦牛的淘汰原因进行卡方检验。结果表明，全群泌乳前期BCS均值为（2.95 ±0.32）。胎次、产犊季节和泌乳天数对泌乳前期BCS有极显著影响（P<0.01），1胎牛和夏季产犊的母牛泌乳前期BCS均最高；5~30、31~60、61~100 d BCS呈显著下降。泌乳前期BCS对产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分等均有极显著影响（P<0.01）。产奶量和高峰奶量随BCS的增加呈极显著下降（P<0.01）。泌乳前期BCS与产奶量、高峰奶量呈极显著负相关（P<0.01），与乳蛋白率呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。泌乳前期BCS的变化对SCS和高峰奶量均有显著影响（P<0.05）。泌乳前期BCS对离群胎次和淘汰月龄有极显著影响（P<0.01）。生存分析表明，BCS为2.75的牛只生存概率最大。2胎和4胎母牛、冬季产犊的母牛不同BCS淘汰比例均呈极显著差异（P<0.01）；低产淘汰的牛只泌乳前期BCS淘汰分布具有极显著差异（P<0.01）。在本研究牛群中，当泌乳前期BCS为2.75时，牛只生产性能较佳且淘汰风险最低，本研究为规模化牛场荷斯坦牛泌乳前期的饲养管理提供了参考。

关键词: 荷斯坦牛, 泌乳前期, 体况评分(BCS), 泌乳性能, 离群分析

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the changes of body condition score (BCS) in early lactation and its effects on production performance and productive lifespan of Holstein cows. In this study, the BCS, culling records and dairy herd improvement (DHI) of 7 811 Holstein cows in early lactation from January 2018 to December 2020 were collected from a large farm in Jiangsu province. The effects of days in milk (DIM), parity and calving season on BCS, and the impacts of BCS changes on early lactation performances and productive life span of Holstein cows were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance. Using Cox regression to draw the survival curve of Holstein cows with different BCS in early lactation, and the culling reasons of dairy cow with different BCS were tested by chi-square test. The results showed that the average BCS of Holstein cows in early lactation was (2.95±0.32). Parity, calving season and DIM had extremely significant effects on BCS in early lactation (P<0.01). The BCS of cow at the first parity and calving in summer was the highest in early lactation. The BCS of cows during 5-30 DIM, 31-60 DIM and 61-100 DIM gradually and significantly decreased. BCS of cows in early lactation had extremely significant effects on milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage, somatic cell score(P<0.01). Milk yield and peak milk yield decreased significantly with the increase of BCS (P<0.01). In early lactation, BCS was significantly correlated with milk yield and peak milk yield (with the negative coefficient), and correlated with milk protein percentage (with the positive coefficient) (P<0.01). The changes of BCS in cows during early lactation had significant effects on SCS and peak milk yield (P<0.05). BCS in early lactation had extremely significant effect on culling parity and age (P<0.01). The survival curve showed that the cows with BCS of 2.75 had the highest survival probability. BCS had a highly significant effect on the distribution of cows culling at parity 2 and 4, and calving in winter (P<0.01). The distribution of BCS culling in early lactation of low-yielding culled cows was significantly different (P<0.01). Holstein cows with BCS of 2.75 in early lactation had the better production performance and the lowest culling risk. This study provides a reference for feeding and management of Holstein cows during early lactation of large-scale cattle farms.

Key words: Holstein cows, early lactation, body condition score (BCS), production performances, culling analysis

中图分类号:

S823.2

周福振, 周部, 代旭, 王海洋, 郭梦玲, 梁艳, 杨章平, 毛永江. 荷斯坦牛泌乳前期体况评分及其对泌乳性能和离群寿命的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(9): 2955-2969.

ZHOU Fuzhen, ZHOU Bu, DAI Xu, WANG Haiyang, GUO Mengling, LIANG Yan, YANG Zhangping, MAO Yongjiang. Analysis on the Change of BCS in Early Lactation and Its Effects on Production Performance and Productive Lifespan in Holstein Cows[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(9): 2955-2969.

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