山东省荷斯坦奶牛体型性状遗传参数估计及系谱世代数的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.05.007

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (5): 1384-1395.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.05.007

山东省荷斯坦奶牛体型性状遗传参数估计及系谱世代数的影响

宋月通^1,2,4, 张汝美¹, 李彦芹¹, 李荣岭¹, 高运东¹, 仲跻峰¹, 薛光辉³, 王玉东³, 李建斌^1*, 孙东晓^2*

1. 山东省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所, 济南 250102;
2. 中国农业大学动物科技学院, 北京 100193;
3. 山东奥克斯畜牧种业有限公司, 济南 250131;
4. 中国农业大学烟台研究院, 烟台 264003

收稿日期:2021-09-06 出版日期:2022-05-23 发布日期:2022-05-25
通讯作者: 李建斌,主要从事奶牛育种研究,E-mail:msdljb@163.com;孙东晓,主要从事动物分子数量遗传学与奶牛育种研究,E-mail:sundx@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:宋月通(1998-),男,河北邯郸人,硕士生,主要从事数量遗传学研究,E-mail:syt04013@163.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-36)；山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2021A32)；山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2020MC165)；山东省农业重大应用技术创新项目(SD2019XM005)

Analysis of Genetic Parameters of Type Traits and Influence of Genealogical Generation of Holstein Cows in Shandong Province

SONG Yuetong^1,2,4, ZHANG Rumei¹, LI Yanqin¹, LI Rongling¹, GAO Yundong¹, ZHONG Jifeng¹, XUE Guanghui³, WANG Yudong³, LI Jianbin^1*, SUN Dongxiao^2*

1. Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ji'nan 250102, China;
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
3. Shandong OX Livestock Breeding Co. Ltd., Ji'nan 250131, China;
4. Yantai Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Yantai 264003, China

Received:2021-09-06 Online:2022-05-23 Published:2022-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在估计山东省荷斯坦奶牛体型性状遗传参数，为育种方案制定提供参考。本研究收集了山东省2010—2020年间的144个牛场31 963头头胎中国荷斯坦母牛的20个体型性状记录，其中性状评分由线性分转为功能分，将场、泌乳月、产犊月龄、鉴定员效应为固定效应，以个体的加性遗传效应作为随机效应，利用 DMU 软件，采用AI-REML结合EM算法并配合动物模型进行遗传参数估计。结果表明，体型性状的遗传力属于中等偏低水平，其估计值变化范围为0.049(后肢侧视)到 0.282(棱角性)，性状间的遗传相关范围为-0.558(前乳头位置与乳房深度)至0.717(蹄踵深度与蹄角度)。体躯容量各性状间的遗传相关范围为0.118 (体深与体高)至0.461(胸宽与腰强度)；尻角度与尻宽的遗传相关为-0.251；肢蹄各性状间的遗传相关范围为-0.035(蹄踵深度与后肢后视)到 0.717(蹄踵深度与蹄角度)；泌乳系统各性状间的遗传相关范围为-0.558 (前乳头位置与乳房深度)至0.587(悬韧带与前乳房附着)。另外，体型性状的遗传力估计标准误在查找的系谱世代数为3的情况下为最小，这可能是由于系谱数据完整性的限制导致了该种情况，具体还需要进一步验证。加强对体型性状中遗传力较高且与泌乳系统遗传相关较强性状的选择，有利于奶牛生产性能的提高。另外，在本研究数据中，使用前3代系谱估计的遗传力标准误最小，因此，利用前3代系谱估算遗传参数可能较佳。

关键词: 山东省, 中国荷斯坦牛, 体型性状, 遗传参数, 系谱世代数

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the genetic parameters of type traits of Holstein cows in Shandong province and provide reference for developing breeding programs. Based on 31 963 primiparous Chinese Holstein cows which had 20 type traits data in 144 farms in Shandong province from 2010 to 2020, in which the linear score changed to functional score,the genetic parameters for 20 type traits were analyzed by AI-REML and EM algorithm of the DMU software combined with animal model considering herd, lactation month, first calving age, identification appraisers as fixed effects,and individual additive genetic effect as random effect. The results showed that the heritability of type traits belonged to a medium-low level with the estimated values ranging from 0.049 (set of rear legs) to 0.282 (angularity); The genetic correlation between traits ranged from -0.558 (fore teat placement and udder depth) to 0.717 (heel depth and foot angle). The genetic correlation between body volume traits ranged from 0.118 (body depth and stature) to 0.461 (chest width and loin strength); The genetic correlation between pin setting and pin width was -0.251. The genetic correlation between limb and hoof traits ranged from -0.035 (heel depth and rear leg-rear view) to 0.717 (heel depth and foot angle); The genetic correlation between lactation system traits ranged from -0.558 (fore teat placement and udder depth) to 0.587 (median suspensory and fore attachment). In addition, the standard error of heritability estimation of type traits was the smallest when the number of generations of pedigree was 3, which might be due to the limitation of pedigree data integrity, and further verification was needed.It was beneficial to improve the production performance of dairy cows by strengthening the selection of the traits with high heritability and strong genetic correlation with lactation system. In addition, in the data of this study, the standard error of heritability estimated by the first three generations pedigree was the smallest, so it may be better to estimate genetic parameters by the first three generations pedigree.

Key words: Shandong province, Chinese Holstein cow, type traits, genetic parameters, genealogical generation

中图分类号:

S823.2

宋月通, 张汝美, 李彦芹, 李荣岭, 高运东, 仲跻峰, 薛光辉, 王玉东, 李建斌, 孙东晓. 山东省荷斯坦奶牛体型性状遗传参数估计及系谱世代数的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2022, 53(5): 1384-1395.

SONG Yuetong, ZHANG Rumei, LI Yanqin, LI Rongling, GAO Yundong, ZHONG Jifeng, XUE Guanghui, WANG Yudong, LI Jianbin, SUN Dongxiao. Analysis of Genetic Parameters of Type Traits and Influence of Genealogical Generation of Holstein Cows in Shandong Province[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(5): 1384-1395.

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山东省荷斯坦奶牛体型性状遗传参数估计及系谱世代数的影响

Analysis of Genetic Parameters of Type Traits and Influence of Genealogical Generation of Holstein Cows in Shandong Province

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