11~17周龄雌性雉鸡蛋白质适宜需要量研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.07.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在通过评价饲粮不同粗蛋白质水平对11~17周龄雌性雉鸡生长性能、氮代谢、营养物质表观代谢率、血清生化指标、肌肉化学成分和屠宰性能的影响，研究11~17周龄雌性雉鸡饲粮粗蛋白质适宜需要量。选取11周龄、初始体重为（539.43±11.97） g的健康雌性雉鸡200只，随机分为5组（每组5个重复，每个重复8只鸡）。采用单因素试验设计，各处理组饲粮粗蛋白质水平依次为15.00%、16.50%、18.00%、19.50%和21.00%，预饲期7 d，正式期49 d。结果表明：1）饲粮粗蛋白质水平显著影响雉鸡的平均日增重和料重比（P<0.05），且CP为15.00%组平均日增重显著低于其它4组（P<0.05），CP为15.00%组的料重比显著高于其它4组（P<0.05）。2）饲粮粗蛋白质水平对雉鸡食入氮、粪氮、沉积氮及氮利用率有显著影响（P<0.05）。CP为19.50%和21.00%组食入氮和粪氮含量显著高于其它3组（P<0.05），CP为15.00%和16.50%组沉积氮的含量显著低于其它3组（P<0.05），CP为15.00%组氮利用率显著低于18.00%和19.50%组（P<0.05）。3）各组间干物质代谢率、粗脂肪代谢率和总能代谢率无显著差异（P>0.05）。4）各组间血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量无显著差异（P>0.05）。CP为15.00%组血清总蛋白含量显著低于18.00%、19.50%和21.00%组（P<0.05），CP为15.00%组血清白蛋白含量显著低于18.00%和19.50%组（P<0.05），CP为15.00%组血清尿素含量显著低于19.50%和21.00%组（P<0.05）。CP为21.00%组血清甘油三酯含量显著低于15.00%和16.50%组（P<0.05），CP为21.00%组血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著低于15.00%、16.50%和18.00%组（P<0.05），CP为21.00%组血清总胆固醇含量显著低于其它4组（P<0.05）。5）各组间腿肌的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量无显著差异（P>0.05），CP为15.00%组胸肌粗蛋白质含量显著低于18.00%、19.50%和21.00%组（P<0.05），CP为15.00%组胸肌粗脂肪含量显著高于18.00%、19.50%和21.00%组（P<0.05）。6）各组间屠宰性能（除腹脂率）和器官指数均无显著差异（P>0.05），CP为15.00%组腹脂率显著高于18.00%、19.50%和21.00%组（P<0.05）。综上所述，饲粮粗蛋白质水平为18.00%和19.50%时，雉鸡能获得较高的平均日增重和较低的料重比，氮利用率也较高。CP大于15.00%时血清脂代谢相关指标较高、血清蛋白代谢相关类物质和尿素含量较低，而且胸肌内蛋白质含量较高，脂肪含量较低，综合考虑上述指标，建议11~17周龄雌性雉鸡饲粮粗蛋白质适宜水平设定为18.00%~19.50%。

关键词: 雌性雉鸡, 粗蛋白质, 生长性能, 营养物质表观代谢率, 血清生化指标, 屠宰性能

Abstract: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary crude protein levels on growth performance, nitrogen metabolism, nutrient apparent metabolic rate, serum biochemical indices, muscle chemical composition and slaughter performance of female pheasant aged 11 to 17 weeks, and to study the optimal dietary crude protein level for female pheasant aged from 11 to 17 weeks. A total of 200 11-week-old healthy female pheasants with an initial body weight of (539.43±11.97) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 8 chickens per replicate. A single-factor experimental design was adopted. Dietary crude protein levels were 15.00%, 16.50%, 18.00%, 19.50% and 21.00%, respectively. The pre-feeding period was 7 days, and the formal period was 49 days. The results showed that:1) Dietary crude protein level significantly affected the average daily gain and feed to gain ratio of pheasant(P<0.05), and the average daily gain in CP 15.00% group was significantly lower than that in the other 4 groups (P<0.05), and the feed to gain ratio in CP 15.00% group was significantly higher than that in the other groups(P<0.05). 2) Dietary crude protein level had significant effects on nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen, nitrogen retention and nitrogen utilization rate of pheasant (P<0.05), The content of nitrogen intake and fecal nitrogen in 19.50% and 21.00% CP groups were significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P<0.05), and the content of deposited nitrogen in 15.00% and 16.50% CP groups was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (P<0.05). The nitrogen utilization rate of 15.00% CP group was significantly lower than that of 18.00% and 19.50% CP groups (P<0.05).3) There were no significant differences in dry matter metabolic rate, ether extract metabolic rate and gross energy metabolic rate among all groups (P>0.05). 4) There were no significant differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents among all groups (P>0.05). The serum total protein content in 15.00% CP group was significantly lower than that in 18.00%, 19.50% and 21.00% CP groups (P<0.05), and the serum albumin content in 15.00% CP group was significantly lower than that in 18.00% and 19.50% CP groups (P<0.05). The serum urea content in 15.00% CP group was significantly lower than that in 19.50% and 21.00% groups (P<0.05). The serum triglyceride content of 21.00% CP group was significantly lower than that of 15.00% and 16.50% groups (P<0.05), and the serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol content of 21.00% CP group was significantly lower than that of 15.00%, 16.50% and 18.00% groups (P<0.05). The serum total cholesterol content of 21.00% CP group was significantly lower than that of the other four groups (P<0.05). 5) There were no significant differences in the contents of crude protein and ether extract in leg muscle among all groups (P>0.05), but the content of crude protein in breast muscle of CP 15.00% group was significantly lower than in 18.00%, 19.50% and 21.00% groups(P<0.05). The ether extract content of pectoral muscle in 15.00% CP group was significantly higher than that in 18.00%, 19.50% and 21.00% groups(P<0.05). 6) There were no significant differences in dressing performance(except percentage of abdominal fat) and organ index among all groups (P>0.05).and the percentage of abdominal fat in 15.00% group was significantly higher than that in 18.00%, 19.50% and 21.00% groups (P<0.05). In conclusion, pheasants with 18.00% and 19.5% crude protein levels can obtain higher average daily gain, lower feed/gain, and better nitrogen utilization. When CP is greater than 15.00%, serum lipid indexes are better, serum protein and urea contents are lower, and the protein content in pectoralis is higher and the fat content is less. Therefore, it is recommended that the crude protein level of female pheasants aged 11 to 17 weeks should be 18.00%-19.50%.

Key words: female pheasant, crude protein, growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, serum biochemical indices, slaughter performance

中图分类号:

S831.41

付曦瑶, 陈丽红, 陈小丽, 孙伟丽, 郭肖兰. 11~17周龄雌性雉鸡蛋白质适宜需要量研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(7): 2910-2923.

FU Xiyao, CHEN Lihong, CHEN Xiaoli, SUN Weili, GUO Xiaolan. Study on Dietary Crude Protein Level of 11-17 Weeks Old Female Pheasant[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(7): 2910-2923.

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