噬菌体鸡尾酒对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液参数和粪样菌群的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.04.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在探究由4株致病菌噬菌体组成的鸡尾酒对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、血常规、炎症因子、免疫球蛋白、抗氧化能力和粪样菌群的影响，以评价体内施用噬菌体制剂的安全性。将12头健康且体重相近的21日龄断奶仔猪随机分为对照组（CON）和噬菌体组（Phage），每组6头，每头仔猪单栏饲喂，其中噬菌体组每天灌胃10 mL噬菌体鸡尾酒（每株噬菌体总量均为5×10⁸PFU），对照组每天灌胃等体积的SM缓冲液，连续灌胃20 d，于第11和21天时采集血液和粪样。结果表明：1）仔猪的生长性能在两组间无显著差异；2）两组间血常规指标在第11天和第21天时均无显著差异（P>0.05）；噬菌体组仔猪血清生化指标中的白蛋白含量在第11天显著升高（P<0.05），但在第21天时恢复至对照组水平，两组间其余各项血清生化指标在第11天和第21天时均无显著差异（P>0.05）；3）与对照组相比，噬菌体组仔猪血清中的CAT酶活力具有升高的趋势（P=0.066），其余抗氧化指标在两组间无显著差异（P>0.05）；4）与对照组相比，第11天时噬菌体组仔猪的血清IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-1β水平极显著或显著升高（P<0.05），IL-10水平显著降低（P<0.05）；第21天时噬菌体组仔猪血清的IFN-γ、TNF-α、IL-17和TGF-β水平极显著升高（P<0.05），IL-4和IL-10水平显著降低（P<0.05）；5）与对照组相比，噬菌体组仔猪21 d血清的IgA、IgG和IgM水平均极显著升高（P<0.01）。6）第11天时，两组间粪样微生物的α多样性指数无显著性差异（P>0.05）；第21天时，与对照组相比，噬菌体组的Shannon指数显著升高（P<0.05）；β多样性分析显示第11天和21天时两组间微生物群落组成无显著性差异；组间差异菌群分析结果显示，第11天时两组间并未出现相对丰度具有显著性差异的菌科和菌属，而第21天时，与对照组相比，噬菌体组颤螺菌科（Oscillospiraceae）的相对丰度显著升高（P<0.05），这一差异在属水平上具体表现为Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group相对丰度的显著升高（P<0.05）。综上，连续灌胃噬菌体鸡尾酒20 d对仔猪机体生长性能和常规血液参数无显著影响；对于机体抗氧化功能有积极作用并显著提高了菌群α多样性；但同时可引起血清促炎细胞因子和免疫球蛋白水平的显著升高。

关键词: 噬菌体鸡尾酒, 炎症因子, 免疫球蛋白, 粪样菌群, 血清生化, 血常规, 抗氧化能力

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of cocktail composed of four pathogenic phages on growth performance, blood routine, serum biochemical index, antioxidant capacity, inflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulin and fecal microbiota of weaned piglets, so as to evaluate the safety of preparation of phage in vivo. Twelve healthy 21-day old weaned piglets with similar body weight were randomly divided into control group (CON) and phage group (Phage) with 6 piglets per group. The phage group was given 10 mL phage cocktail by gavage for 20 consecutive days (the total amount of each phage was 5×10⁸ PFU), and the control group was gavaged equal volume of SM buffer. Blood and stool samples were collected at day 11 and 21. The results showed that:1) there was no significant difference in growth performance between the two groups. 2) There was no significant difference in blood routine indexes between the two groups on the 11th and 21th day (P>0.05). The albumin content in serum biochemical indexes of piglets in phage group increased significantly on the 11th day (P<0.05), but returned to the level of control group on the 21th day. No significant difference was present in other serum biochemical indexes between the two groups on the 11th and 21th day (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the enzymatic activity of CAT in serum of piglets in phage group had an upward trend (P=0.066), and no significant difference was found in other antioxidant indexes between the two groups (P>0.05). 4) At day 11, the serum IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β levels of the piglets in the phage group were significantly increased, (P<0.05), and the IL-10 level was significantly decreased (P<0.05). At day 21, the levels of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17 and TGF-β in the phage group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). 5) Compared with the control group, the levels of IgA, IgG and IgM in serum of piglets in phage group at 21 days were significantly increased (P<0.01). 6) There was no significant difference in α diversity indexes of fecal microbiota between the two groups at day 11 (P>0.05). On day 21, compared with the control group, the Shannon index in phage group was significantly increased (P<0.05). β-diversity analysis showed no significant difference in microbial community composition between the two groups at day11 and 21. The results of differential flora analysis showed that there were no bacterial families and genera with significant differences in relative abundance between the two groups on the 11th day, while on the 21th day, compared with the control group, the relative abundance of Oscillospiraceae in the phage group was significant increased (P<0.05), and this difference at the genus level was manifested as a significant increase in the relative abundance of Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group (P<0.05). In conclusion, continuous gavage of the phage cocktail for 20 days had no significant effect on the growth performance and routine blood parameters of piglets; It has a positive effect on antioxidant function and significantly improves the α diversity of bacterial community. At the same time, the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulin were significantly increased.

Key words: phage cocktail, inflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulin, fecal microbiota, serum biochemical index, blood routine, antioxidant capacity

中图分类号:

S852.6

刘燕坤, 罗润波, 林焱, 朱伟云. 噬菌体鸡尾酒对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液参数和粪样菌群的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(4): 1555-1567.

LIU Yankun, LUO Runbo, LIN Yan, ZHU Weiyun. Effects of Phage Cocktail on Growth Performance, Blood Parameters and Fecal Microbiota of Weaned Piglets[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(4): 1555-1567.

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