猫上呼吸道疾病的病原、诊断与防治

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.06.007

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (6): 2345-2356.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2024.06.007

猫上呼吸道疾病的病原、诊断与防治

孙凡媛¹(), 刘怡婷¹, 郭昕怡¹, 陈建材¹, 周华波², 覃一峰¹^,³^,⁴, 欧阳康¹^,³^,⁴, 韦祖樟¹^,³^,⁴, 黄伟坚¹^,³^,⁴, 陈樱¹^,³^,⁴^,*()

1. 广西大学动物科学技术学院, 南宁 530004
2. 南宁市华波宠物医院, 南宁 530004
3. 广西壮族自治区兽用生物制品工程研究中心, 南宁 530004
4. 广西畜禽繁育与疾病防控重点实验室, 南宁 530004

收稿日期:2023-09-11 出版日期:2024-06-23 发布日期:2024-06-28
通讯作者: 陈樱 E-mail:fanyuansun@qq.com;yingchen@gxu.edu.cn
作者简介:孙凡媛(1998-)，女，山西晋中人，博士生，主要从事猫上呼吸道疾病研究，E-mail：fanyuansun@qq.com
基金资助:
广西自然科学基金面上项目(2021GXNSFAA220070)

Pathogens, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Upper Respiratory Diseases in Cats

Fanyuan SUN¹(), Yiting LIU¹, Xinyi GUO¹, Jiancai CHEN¹, Huabo ZHOU², Yifeng QIN¹^,³^,⁴, Kang OUYANG¹^,³^,⁴, Zuzhang WEI¹^,³^,⁴, Weijian HUANG¹^,³^,⁴, Ying CHEN¹^,³^,⁴^,*()

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
2. Huabo Pet Hospital, Nanning 530004, China
3. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Biologics, Nanning 530004, China
4. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Prevention and Control, Nanning 530004, China

Received:2023-09-11 Online:2024-06-23 Published:2024-06-28
Contact: Ying CHEN E-mail:fanyuansun@qq.com;yingchen@gxu.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

猫上呼吸道疾病(feline upper respiratory tract disease，FURTD)是一种在猫中广泛传播的以上呼吸道、口腔和眼部症状为主的疾病。引起FURTD的病原多样，除常见的猫杯状病毒(feline calicivirus，FCV)、猫疱疹病毒Ⅰ型(feline herpesvirus type 1，FHV-1)、猫衣原体(Chlamydia felis，C. felis)、猫支原体(Mycoplasma felis，M. felis)、支气管败血波氏杆菌(Bordetella bronchiseptica，Bb)外，临床中还有许多其他的病原偶见感染。临床中常出现由多种病原体混合感染的情况，并且病原的不断进化容易造成致病性的增强和组织嗜性的改变，这种病因的复杂性往往使得FURTD的防治较为困难。同时，由于许多病原感染引起猫的症状相似，仅凭临床症状无法准确判断出病因，准确认识不同病原的特性、掌握不同的病原检测方法对FURTD的病因快速诊断和提出高效的治疗方案至关重要。目前，不同病原引起的FURTD病例常被报道，而针对FURTD的诊断方法、治疗以及疫苗研制都尚未成熟，本文将对该疾病的常见和新发病原、诊断方法、治疗手段和防控措施进行系统地阐述，旨在为FURTD的防治工作提供更多的思路。

关键词: 猫上呼吸道疾病, 病原, 混合感染, 诊断方法

Abstract:

Feline upper respiratory disease (FURTD) is widely spread in cats, characterized by upper respiratory, oral, and eyes symptoms. There are various pathogens caused FURTD. Except for common pathogens such as feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), Chlamydia felis (C.felis), Mycoplasma felis (M.felis), and Bordetella bronchiseptica (Bb), there are still many other sporadic infections in clinical practice. Clinically, there are often cases of co-infection by multiple pathogens, and the continuous evolution easily leads to the increased pathogenicity and changes of tissue tropism. The complexity of this etiology often makes the prevention and treatment of FURTD more difficult. Meanwhile, due to the similar symptoms caused by many pathogenic infections in cats, it is not possible to accurately determine the cause of the case solely based on clinical symptoms. To understand the characteristics of different pathogens and master detection methods specific for different pathogens are important to rapidly diagnose and provide efficient treatment strategies specific for FURTD. At present, lots of cases of FURTD caused by different pathogens are reported frequently. The diagnostic methods, treatments, and vaccine development for FURTD haven't been yet mature. Here, this article will systematically clarify the FURTD-associated emerging and remerging pathogens, diagnostic methods, treatment methods, and prevention and control measures, aiming to provide more ideas for the prevention and treatment of FURTD.

Key words: feline upper respiratory tract disease, pathogen, mixed infection, diagnostic methods

中图分类号:

S855.3

孙凡媛, 刘怡婷, 郭昕怡, 陈建材, 周华波, 覃一峰, 欧阳康, 韦祖樟, 黄伟坚, 陈樱. 猫上呼吸道疾病的病原、诊断与防治[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2024, 55(6): 2345-2356.

Fanyuan SUN, Yiting LIU, Xinyi GUO, Jiancai CHEN, Huabo ZHOU, Yifeng QIN, Kang OUYANG, Zuzhang WEI, Weijian HUANG, Ying CHEN. Pathogens, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Upper Respiratory Diseases in Cats[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2024, 55(6): 2345-2356.

图/表 1

表 1

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类别 Category	诊断方法 Diagnostic methods	优势 Advantages	劣势 Disadvantages
病原学诊断 Etiological diagnosis	病原分离培养	准确、“金标准”	耗时长、分离程序复杂
血清学诊断 Serodiagnosis	NA	特异性强、灵敏度高	耗时长、无法区分疫苗接种和自然感染
	ELISA试剂盒	操作方便简单、快捷、重复性好、特异性强、灵敏度高、可批量检测	无法区分疫苗接种和自然感染
	免疫荧光试验	操作简单快速、特异性强	易出现假阳性、敏感性较差
	胶体金免疫检测技术	操作简单、方便快捷、特异性强	易出现假阴性
传统分子生物学诊断 Traditional molecular biology diagnosis	常规PCR、RT-PCR	敏感性好、仪器成本较低	样本易污染、无法定量、操作繁琐
	NP-PCR	敏感性好，可检测微量样本	操作繁琐
	qPCR、RT-qPCR	操作简单、敏感性好、特异性高、可定量	使用标准曲线进行定量检测时误差较大、仪器成本高
	多重PCR	可同时快速检测多种病原	敏感性较低、易污染、仪器成本高、有一定专业要求
新型诊断方法 New diagnostic methods	SPR生物传感器	可完成实时动态监测、灵敏度高、高通量	专业要求较高、耗时长、仪器成本较高
	RAA、RPA、RAA/RPA-CRISPR/Cas、RPA-LFD、CPA	高效、快速、灵敏性好、稳定性高、结果可靠	仪器成本较高、专业要求较高
	LAMP	便捷高效、灵敏性好、仪器设备要求低	试剂成本高、易污染
	MALDI-TOF MS	快速、灵敏、准确、经济、分辨率高、对原始样本要求低	仪器设备成本高、可重复性较差、数据库尚不完善

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猫上呼吸道疾病的病原、诊断与防治

Pathogens, Diagnosis, and Prevention of Upper Respiratory Diseases in Cats

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