中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在病原感染中的作用研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中性粒细胞约占哺乳动物白细胞总数的50%～70%，是机体应对病原体入侵的第一道防线之一。中性粒细胞在动物机体先天免疫应答中发挥重要作用，通过吞噬、脱颗粒、形成胞外诱捕网等方式抑制或清除多种侵入的病原体。中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网(neutrophil extracellular traps，NETs)是中性粒细胞受包括病原体在内的激活剂刺激后向胞外分泌的由DNA、颗粒蛋白和组蛋白等构成的纤维网状结构。最初，研究者们发现NETs在抗细菌感染中发挥重要作用，可将细菌局限在感染部位，抑制或杀死细菌。随着研究的逐渐深入和发展，发现NETs除了在细菌感染方面发挥抗菌作用外，在真菌、寄生虫和病毒的感染过程中也有重要的抵御作用。但是，病原体会进化出各种逃避策略，抑制NETs的抗性。甚至有些病原体还利用NETs促进感染，导致病患难以恢复健康。本文重点对病原感染过程中NETs的形成、诱导因素和作用等进行论述，以期为病原感染机制的研究提供新的思路，也为各种病原体感染的防控提供新的途径。

关键词: 中性粒细胞, 胞外诱捕网, 病原感染

Abstract: Neutrophils make up approximately 50%～70% of all mammalian leukocytes and are considered a part of the body’s first line of defense against pathogen invasion. Neutrophils play an important role in the innate immune response of the animal body, suppressing or eliminating a variety of invading pathogens through phagocytosis, degranulation and the formation of extracellular traps. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are fibrous network consist of DNA, granulins and histones that are secreted extracellularly by neutrophils after stimulated by activators, including pathogens. Initially, researchers found that NETs played an important role in fighting bacterial infections by confining bacteria to the site of infection and inhibiting or killing them. As research gradually progressed and developed, it is found that NETs not only played an antibacterial role in bacterial infections, but also had an important role in defending against fungal, parasitic and viral infections. However, pathogens have evolved various evasion strategies to inhibit the resistance of NETs. Some pathogens even utilize NETs to promote infection, making it difficult for patients to recover. This review focuses on the formation of NETs, inducing factors and roles of NETs during pathogenic infections, with a view to providing new ideas for the study of pathogenic infection mechanisms and new ways to prevent and control infections by various pathogens.

Key words: neutrophils, extracellular traps, pathogenic infection

中图分类号:

Q256

姜慧华, 李宁, 徐磊, 郭抗抗. 中性粒细胞胞外诱捕网在病原感染中的作用研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(3): 889-899.

JIANG Huihua, LI Ning, XU Lei, GUO Kangkang. Research Progress on the Role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Pathogenic Infection[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 889-899.

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