西农萨能奶山羊泌乳期产奶量、乳成分及血液生理生化指标变化规律研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在探索西农萨能奶山羊泌乳期生产性能、乳成分、血液生理生化指标和营养物质摄入量等变化规律及其相互关系。本研究选取15只体重、胎次、产奶量、分娩日期相近，体况健康的西农萨能奶山羊。单圈饲喂54周，试验期内准确测定个体生产性能、乳成分、血液生理生化指标和营养物质摄入量等，建立各项指标随泌乳期变化规律模型及泌乳期内指标间的相关关系模型。结果表明：1）不同泌乳阶段显著影响奶山羊生产性能（干物质采食量（DMI）、产奶量、料奶比）、乳成分（乳蛋白率、乳脂率、总固形物率（TS））及营养物质摄入量（粗脂肪（EE）、粗蛋白（CP）、有机物（OM）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）和中性洗涤纤维（NDF））等性状指标（P<0.05）。2）Wood模型成功拟合了产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率随泌乳期变化的规律；CP可拟合二次曲线；DMI、料奶比、非脂乳固形物率（SNF）、TS和NDF可拟合三次曲线。产奶量、乳脂率和料奶比等拟合效果最佳，拟合度均高于0.94。3）生产性能-DMI、产奶量与料奶比间极显著相关（P<0.01）；乳成分-乳蛋白率、乳脂率、SNF与TS间极显著相关（P<0.01）；营养物质摄入量-DMI、OM、CP、NDF与ADF间极显著相关（P<0.01）。显著相关指标可通过二次曲线、三次曲线、线性模型、指数模型和"S"型曲线模型等高度拟合。西农萨能奶山羊个体年平均产奶量为504.91 kg。奶山羊生产性能、乳成分、血液生理生化指标和营养物质摄入量等指标之间以及与泌乳期均显著相关，Wood模型拟合泌乳曲线为Y=1.233t^0.414×e^-0.041t。根据拟合曲线可通过产奶量预测料奶比；乳脂率、乳蛋白率和总固形物率之间可相互预测。研究结果对了解奶山羊的基本生理状况及生产规律具有重要意义，为奶山羊不同泌乳阶段合理安排生产，进而实现精准饲喂具有指导作用。

关键词: 西农萨能奶山羊, 泌乳曲线, 泌乳期, 变化规律

Abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the change regularity of production performance, milk composition, blood physiological and biochemical indexes and nutrient intake and relationship among them in Xinong Saanen dairy goat during lactation period. Fifteen healthy Xinong Saanen dairy goats with similar body weight, parity, milk yield and delivery date were selected. After 54 weeks of single fold feeding, the production performance, milk composition, blood physiological and biochemical indexes, nutrient intake for each individual were accurately measured during the experiment period, and the change regularity model of each index along with lactation period and the correlation model between indexes during lactation period were established. The results showed that:1) The production performance (DMI, milk yield, feed to milk ratio), milk composition (milk protein percentage, milk fat percentage, TS) and nutrient intake (EE, CP, OM, ADF, NDF) were significantly affected by stage of lactation (P<0.05). 2) The change regularity of milk yield, milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage along with lactation period were successfully fitted through Wood model; CP was fitted by the quadratic curve; The DMI, feed to milk ratio, SNF, TS and NDF were fitted by the cubic curves. The best fitting results were obtained for milk yield, milk fat percentage and feed to milk ratio, their degree of fitting was above 0.94. 3) For production performance, DMI, milk yield and feed to milk ratio were extremely significantly correlated (P<0.01); For milk composition, milk protein percentage, milk fat percentage, SNF and TS were extremely significantly correlated (P<0.01); For nutrient intake, DMI, OM, CP, NDF and ADF were extremely significantly correlated (P<0.01). Significant correlation indexes could be fitted by quadratic curve, cubic curve, linear model, exponential model and S curve. The average annual milk yield of Xinong Saanen dairy goat was 504.91 kg. The production performance, milk composition, blood physiological and biochemical indexes and nutrient intake of dairy goats were significantly correlated, and were also significantly affected by lactation period. The lactation curve fitted by Wood model was Y=1.233t^0.414×e^-0.041t. Feed to milk ratio could be predicted by milk yield according to the fitting curve, and milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage and TS content could be predicted by each other. Our findings are of great significance to understand the basic physiological status and production rules of dairy goats, and provide an important guidance for the rational production, accurate feeding and efficiency improvement of dairy goats at different lactation stages.

Key words: Xinong Saanen dairy goat, lactation curve, lactation period, change regularity

中图分类号:

S827.2

耿亚楠, 翁玉楠, 罗军, 王平, 李聪. 西农萨能奶山羊泌乳期产奶量、乳成分及血液生理生化指标变化规律研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(1): 28-41.

GENG Yanan, WENG Yunan, LUO Jun, WANG Ping, LI Cong. Study on Change Regularity of Milk Yield, Milk Composition and Blood Physiological and Biochemical Indexes in Xinong Saanen Dairy Goat during Lactation Period[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(1): 28-41.

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