河北省中国荷斯坦牛产奶和体型性状遗传参数分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2021.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在探究河北省中国荷斯坦牛产奶和体型性状的遗传参数，为育种提供参考。本研究收集了2012-2018年河北省133个牛场8 891头中国荷斯坦母牛第一胎次的3个产奶性状记录（产奶量、乳脂率和乳蛋白率）和26个体型性状记录，利用DMU软件，以场年季、产犊月龄、鉴定年季和鉴定员效应为固定效应，以个体的加性遗传效应为随机效应，采用AIREML结合EM算法并配合动物模型对产奶性状、体型性状进行了遗传参数估计。结果表明，产奶性状的遗传力估计值范围为0.15（产奶量）~0.32（乳脂率），体型性状遗传力估计值范围为0.01（体型总分）~0.28（后乳房附着宽度）。产奶性状与体型性状间的遗传相关估计值范围分别是-0.43（产奶量与骨质地）~0.31（产奶量与尻部）、-0.59（乳脂率与尻部）~0.20（乳脂率与前乳头位置）以及-0.34（乳蛋白率与前乳头长度）~0.23（乳蛋白率与后乳头位置）。大部分体型性状与产奶量之间为遗传正相关，而与乳脂率和乳蛋白率为遗传负相关。加强对产奶性状及体型性状中的中高遗传力性状的选择，尤其对后乳房性状以及体型总分的选择，有利于奶牛生产性能的提高。

关键词: 河北省, 中国荷斯坦牛, 产奶性状, 体型性状, 遗传参数

Abstract: This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of milk production and type traits for Chinese Holstein in Hebei province and to provide reference for breeding programs. Based on 8 891 primiparous Chinese Holstein in 133 farms in Hebei province from 2012 to 2018, the genetic parameters for 3 milk production traits (milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage) and 26 type traits were analyzed by using AIREML and EM algorithm of the DMU software combined with animal model considering herd-year-season, first calving age, identification year-season and appraisers as fixed effects, and individual additive genetic effect as random effect. The results showed that the heritability estimates ranged from 0.15 (milk yield) to 0.32 (milk fat percentage) for milk traits and from 0.01 (final score) to 0.28 (rear attachment width) for type traits. The estimated genetic correlation coefficients between milk production and type traits ranged from -0.43 (milk yield and bone quality) to 0.31 (milk yield and rump), -0.59 (milk fat percentage and rump) to 0.20 (milk fat percentage and fore teat placement) and -0.34 (milk protein percentage and fore teat length) to 0.23 (milk protein percentage and rear teat placement). The genetic correlations of most type traits with milk yield were positive, but negative with milk fat percentage and milk protein percentage. Strengthening the selection of milk production traits and type traits with medium and high heritability, especially for final score and rear udder traits,is beneficial to the improvement of production performance.

Key words: Hebei province, Chinese Holstein, milk production traits, type traits, genetic parameters

中图分类号:

S823.2

彭朋, 李建明, 蒋桂娥, 杨晨东, 马亚宾, 倪俊卿, 孙东晓. 河北省中国荷斯坦牛产奶和体型性状遗传参数分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2021, 52(1): 42-51.

PENG Peng, LI Jianming, JIANG Guie, YANG Chendong, MA Yabin, NI Junqing, SUN Dongxiao. Genetic Parameters Analysis for Milk Production and Type Traits in Chinese Holstein in Hebei[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(1): 42-51.

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