不同断喙方式对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2019.12.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究不同断喙方式对雏鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响，将720只1日龄蛋雏鸡随机分为不断喙、红外线断喙和热刀断喙组。测量不同时间雏鸡喙长度、体重、采食量和饲料浪费量，计数血液中异嗜性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数，通过生化分析和ELISA试剂盒检测血浆中蛋白和细胞因子含量。致死雏鸡后，采集脾和法氏囊并称重，对脾进行组织学和Real-time PCR检测。结果显示，断喙显著降低雏鸡喙长度，且红外线断喙效果更明显；断喙显著减少饲料浪费量，但不影响采食量；红外线断喙组4日龄雏鸡体重显著低于不断喙组；红外线断喙组29日龄雏鸡传染性法氏囊病毒抗体滴度极显著低于其他组；断喙对鸡血液中异嗜性粒细胞和淋巴细胞数、血浆中的蛋白、T细胞分化簇和细胞炎性因子的含量、脾和法氏囊器官指数、脾显微结构及其炎性因子和凋亡因子表达无显著影响。结果表明，断喙可显著减少饲料浪费，且红外线断喙比热刀断喙可更有效地保证断喙效果；红外线断喙可暂时性地引起雏鸡体重降低，但对后期体重无显著影响；1日龄时雏鸡在红外线断喙后又进行疫苗接种，可能会缩短疫苗对雏鸡的保护时间。

关键词: 红外线断喙, 热刀断喙, 雏鸡, 性能, 免疫功能

Abstract: To study the effects of different beak-trimming methods on chicks' growth performance and immune function, 720 1-day-old Jingfen-1 chicks were randomly divided into 3 treatments:non-treated group (control group, CG), 1-day-old infrared beak trimming group (infrared beak trimming group, IBT) and 8-day-old hot-blade beak trimming group (hot-blade beak trimming group, HBT). The beak length, body weight, feed intake and feed wasted of birds in each cage were measured. Heterophils and lymphocytes were counted from one chick per cage. Protein and cytokine levels in plasma were detected by biochemical analysis and ELISA. After humanely sacrifice chicks, the spleen and cloacal bursa of each sampled chick were weighted, the spleen samples were collected for histological examination and Real-time PCR. The results indicated that the treatments of beak trimming could significantly reduce beak length, and the method of infrared beak trimming was better than hot-blade. The food waste of birds was reduced by different beak-trimming methods; however, the feed intake of chicks was not affected. Compared with CG group, the weight of birds in the IBT group decreased significantly on the day 4 of experiment. IBDV Ab titer of 29-day-old chicks in the IBT group was lower than other two treatments. Heterophils and lymphocytes in blood, protein, sCD and cell cytokine in plasma, organ index of spleen and cloacal bursa, and microstructure of spleen, the gene expression of inflammatory and apoptosis factors in spleen were not affected by different beak-trimming methods. Our results indicate that beak-trimming treatments can significantly reduce the rate of feed wasted, which are beneficial to reduce production cost, and 1-day-old infrared beak trimming is more convenient and effective than hot-blade trimming. 1-day infrared beak trimming temporarily be not conducive weight gain of chicks, but this effect gradually disappears with age. The protection time of vaccine may be shortened for combination of infrared beak trimming and vaccination at the age of 1-day chicks.

Key words: infrared beak trimming, hot-blade beak trimming, chicks, performance, immune function

中图分类号:

S852
S831.4

江莎, 吴晓玲, 邱艳, 陆菊, 付金宝. 不同断喙方式对蛋雏鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2019, 50(12): 2545-2553.

JIANG Sha, WU Xiaoling, QIU Yan, LU Ju, FU Jinbao. Effects of Different Beak-Trimming Methods on Growth Performance and Immune Function in Chicks[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2019, 50(12): 2545-2553.

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