皖南黑猪不同生长阶段血清免疫指标及肠道菌群的特征分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.09.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在探究皖南黑猪不同生长阶段粪便菌群和血清免疫指标的纵向变化规律及其相关性。采集27头皖南黑猪哺乳期(20 d)、保育期(60 d)和育肥期(120 d)3个不同生长阶段的粪便及血清样本,通过16S rRNA高通量测序方法及血清检测技术,对皖南黑猪生长发育过程中肠道微生物与免疫指标的演替规律及关联性进行了分析。结果表明,肠道微生物物种丰度分析显示,在门水平上共检测到22个核心菌门,其中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是皖南黑猪的主要优势菌门;在属水平上检测到51个核心菌属,其中哺乳期的优势菌属为乳酸菌属(Lactobacillus)、志贺菌属(Shigella)和粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)。保育期和育肥期均以乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、颤螺菌属(Oscillospira)和密螺旋体属(Treponema)为优势菌属;Alpha多样性分析显示,皖南黑猪肠道菌群的多样性随日龄增长呈逐渐增高的趋势,在保育期达到峰值,育肥期逐渐趋向稳定。Beta多样性分析显示,皖南黑猪保育期及育肥期肠道菌群组成相似聚在一起,而与哺乳期肠道菌群没有交叠,说明保育期与育肥期组间差异较小,哺乳期与保育期及育肥期肠道菌群组间差距较大。通过分析不同阶段特异性细菌类群的富集情况,共发现100个组间差异菌群,其中45个在哺乳期富集,34个在保育期富集,21个在育肥期富集;对丰度前30的肠道菌属与血清指标进行相关性分析发现,血清中的LPS、IL-6、IgA、IgG、IgM浓度均与猪肠道菌群存在相关性。本研究可为理解猪在不同生长发育阶段肠道微生物的动态变化规律及改善猪生长性能和健康水平的微生物技术手段提供理论参考。

关键词: 猪肠道微生物, 动态变化, 16S rRNA, 生长阶段和性能, 血清免疫指标

Abstract: The aim of study was to investigate the longitudinal changes and correlations of intestinal microbiota and serum immune indices of Wannan Black pigs at different growth stages. Fecal and serum samples were collected from 27 Wannan Black pigs at three different growth stages:lactation (day(d) 20), nursery (d 60) and fattening period (d 120). The evolution patterns and correlations between fecal microbiota and immune indices during the growth and development of Wannan Black pigs were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and serum detection techniques. The results showed that analysis of the species abundance of intestinal microbiota revealed a total of 22 core phyla at the phylum level, of which Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in Wannan Black pigs. Moreover, 51 core genera were detected at the level of genus, among which the dominant genera in the lactation period were Lactobacillus, Shigella and Faecalibacterium. Lactobacillus, Oscillospira and Treponema were the dominant genera in both nursery and fattening periods. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity of intestinal microbiota increased gradually with age, reaching its peak in the nursery period and gradually stabilizing in the fattening period. Beta diversity analysis showed that the intestinal microbiota of Wannan Black pigs in the nursery and fattening periods were similar and clustered together, while there was no overlap with that of the lactation period, indicating that the differences between nursery and fattening periods were relatively small, whereas the gap between lactation and the other two periods was larger. By analyzing the enrichment of specific bacterial groups in different stages, a total of 100 inter-group differential microbial groups were identified, including 45 enriched in the lactation period, 34 in the nursery period, and 21 in the fattening period. Correlation analysis between the top 30 intestinal microbiota abundant and serum indices revealed that the concentrations of LPS, IL-6, IgA, IgG and IgM in serum were significantly correlated with the gut microbiota (P<0.05). Findings here provide a theoretical reference for understanding the dynamic changes of intestinal microbiota in pigs at different growth and development stages and improving the growth performance and health level of pigs through microbial technology means.

Key words: pig intestinal microbiota, dynamics, 16S rRNA, growth stage and performance, serum immune indices

中图分类号:

S828

郑先瑞, 卓明雪, 纪金丽, 蒋维虎, 邓在双, 张吉成, 田雅莉, 丁月云, 张晓东, 殷宗俊. 皖南黑猪不同生长阶段血清免疫指标及肠道菌群的特征分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(9): 3770-3783.

ZHENG Xianrui, ZHUO Mingxue, JI Jinli, JIANG Weihu, DENG Zaishuang, ZHANG Jicheng, TIAN Yali, DING Yueyun, ZHANG Xiaodong, YIN Zongjun. Characteristics of Serum Immune Indices and Intestinal Microbiota of Wannan Black Pigs at Different Growth Stages[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(9): 3770-3783.

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