ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA ›› 2016, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (12): 2342-2353.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2016.12.003

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The Frequencies of Chicken mtDNA D-loop Haplotype Clades and Multiple Maternal Origins of Chinese Domestic Chicken

LIANG Yong1, 2, 3 , KANG Le2, 4, CUI Jian-xun2, 4, LÜ Xue-mei5, YANG Ning3, ZHANG Xi-quan2*   

  1. (1. Poultry Science Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510520, China;2. College of Animal Science of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;3. College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 4. Institute of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;5. Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)
  • Received:2015-12-14 Online:2016-12-23 Published:2016-12-23

Abstract:

The present study aimed to explain the domestication regions of Chinese chicken and its genetic propagation by analyzing the distribution and frequencies of D-loop haplotype clades of domestic chicken and wild red jungle fowls. The results showed that 198 haplotypes gained by sequencing 1 347 mtDNA D-loop fragments were clustered into 12 clades. Cluster analysis indicated that the island-type red jungle fowls (G. g. bankiva) were significantly different from domestic chicken and continental red jungle fowls (G. g. gallouse) of Southeast Asian, and that continental red jungle fowls (G. g. spdiceus) in Sumatra Island were independently branched from those of Southeast Asian. The distribution and frequencies analysis of haplotype clades indicated that the early domestic chicken with maternal blood presented by Clade C could origin from Southeast Asian and its surroundings(including Yunnan), but was not directly introduced into China via Yunnan. The maternal blood presented by Clade D could be domesticated in Shandong, Henan and its surroundings at early age, and then was introduced into Sichuan. From then on, the maternal blood began to reproduce on a large scale, propagated to surroundings, and became an important genetic source of Chinese domestic chicken. The present study can be an additional evidence to support the inference that Chinese domestic chicken have multiple maternal origins, and also indicate that Southeast Asian is an important original region of chickens in South China. In addition, Henan, Shandong and its surroundings are also important domestication regions of Chinese chicken.

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