前噬菌体对猪链球菌毒力、环境适应性、耐药性及代谢活动的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2022.01.029

Abstract

Abstract: To understand and master the relationship between prophage and virulence, environmental adaptability, drug resistance and metabolic activity of Streptococcus suis (SS), in this study, the pathogenicity test, LD₅₀ test, the number of bacteria loaded in tissue, histopathological observation, biofilm formation(BF) ability test, drug sensitivity test and transcriptome sequencing were carried out for the prophage positive strains (positive bacteria for short) and prophage negative strain(negative bacteria for short). The results showed that among 39 strains of positive bacteria and 7 strains of negative bacteria, 11 strains and 2 strains of bacteria had a lethal rate of more than 80.0%, The LD₅₀ of 11 positive bacteria ranged from 8.4×10⁸ to 2.36×10⁹CFU·piece^-1, and that of 2 negative bacteria were 1.88×10⁹ and 2.72×10⁹ CFU·piece^-1, respectively. There was no significant difference in LD₅₀ between positive and negative bacteria (P>0.05). After being challenged with positive bacteria with LD₅₀ of 8.4×10⁸CFU·piece^-1, the number of bacteria in the organs (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, heart and brain) of mice was the most, and the pathological changes were the most obvious, after being challenged with the negative bacteria with LD₅₀ of 2.72×10⁹CFU·piece^-1, the number of bacteria in each organ tissue of mice was the least, and the pathological changes were the least; The positive rate of BF formation was 97.4% for positive bacteria and 100.0% for negative bacteria; Both positive and negative bacteria showed multiple drug resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, azithromycin, ceftriaxone and doxycycline, and there was no significant difference in drug resistance between them (P>0.05); Compared with positive bacteria, virulence related genes, BF formation related genes, drug resistance genes, fatty acid biosynthesis pathway and arginine and proline metabolism pathway related genes were up-regulated in negative bacteria. the results showed that there was no significant correlation between the presence or absence of prophage and the increase or decrease of SS virulence, high or low drug resistance and BF formation ability; However, the presence of prophage will lead to the down-regulation of genes associated with SS fatty acid biosynthesis and arginine and proline metabolism, resulting in the reduction of fatty acid and amino acid metabolism.

Key words: Streptococcus suis, prophage, virulence, drug resistance, environmental adaptability

CLC Number:

Q939.48

HAN Xuejiao, LI Liang, ZHAN Songhe, DUAN Qianqian, CUI Lirong, LIU Xuelan, SUN Pei, WEI Jianzhong, LI Yu. Effects of Prophage on Virulence, Environmental Adaptability, Drug Resistance and Metabolic Activity of Streptococcus suis[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(1): 290-303.

References 21

[1]	陆承平, 吴宗福. 猪链球菌病[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社, 2015.LU C P, WU Z F. Swine streptococcosis[M]. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2015. (in Chinese)
[2]	汪洋. 猪链球菌生物被膜形成及致病机理研究[D]. 南京:南京农业大学, 2011.WANG Y. Study on the mechanism of biofilm formation and molecular pathogenesis of Streptococcus suis[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University, 2011. (in Chinese)
[3]	RONCOLATO E C, CAMPOS L B, PESSENDA G, et al. Phage display as a novel promising antivenom therapy:a review[J]. Toxicon, 2015, 93:79-84.
[4]	FORTIER L C, SEKULOVIC O. Importance of prophages to evolution and virulence of bacterial pathogens[J]. Virulence, 2013, 4(5):354-365.
[5]	PALMIERI C, PRINCIVALLI M S, BRENCIANI A, et al. Different genetic elements carrying the tet(W) gene in two human clinical isolates of Streptococcus suis[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2011, 55(2):631-636.
[6]	SHEN M Y, YANG Y H, SHEN W, et al. A linear plasmid-like prophage of Actinomyces odontolyticus promotes biofilm assembly[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2018, 84(17):e01263-18.
[7]	STEVENS R H, ZHANG H M, SEDGLEY C, et al. The prevalence and impact of lysogeny among oral isolates of Enterococcus faecalis[J]. J Oral Microbiol, 2019, 11(1):1643207.
[8]	吴迪. 猪链球菌2型分离鉴定及其对免疫抑制小鼠的致病力比较[D]. 杭州:浙江大学, 2009.WU D. Identification of Streptococcus suis type 2 and their pathogenicity in immuno-compromised mice[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2009. (in Chinese)
[9]	吴全忠. 猪链球菌2型在模型动物豚鼠体内的动态分布及基因免疫[D]. 南京:南京农业大学, 2001.WU Q Z. The dynamic distribution and gene immunization of Streptococcus suis type 2 in guinea pig model[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University, 2001. (in Chinese)
[10]	孙智远, 丁文傒, 陈军, 等. 猪链球菌9型ICR小鼠感染模型的建立及评分[J]. 中国兽医科学, 2018, 48(8):1024-1030.SUN Z Y, DING W X, CHEN J, et al. Establishment of animal models of ICR mice infected with Streptococcus suis type 9 using scoring method[J]. Chinese Veterinary Science, 2018, 48(8):1024-1030. (in Chinese)
[11]	JIN H, ZHOU R, KANG M S, et al. Biofilm formation by field isolates and reference strains of Haemophilus parasuis[J]. Vet Microbiol, 2006, 118(1-2):117-123.
[12]	STEPANOVIĆ S, VUKOVIĆ D, HOLA V, et al. Quantification of biofilm in microtiter plates:overview of testing conditions and practical recommendations for assessment of biofilm production by staphylococci[J]. APMIS, 2007, 115(8):891-899.
[13]	PHAM T D, NGUYEN T H, IWASHITA H, et al. Comparative analyses of CTX prophage region of Vibrio cholerae seventh pandemic wave 1 strains isolated in Asia[J]. Microbiol Immunol, 2018, 62(10):635-650.
[14]	WANG X X, KIM Y, MA Q, et al. Cryptic prophages help bacteria cope with adverse environments[J]. Nat Commun, 2010, 1:147.
[15]	杜宝中, 曾蔚, 陶传敏, 等. 溶原性噬菌体对铜绿假单胞菌生物被膜形成的影响[J]. 四川大学学报:医学版, 2008, 39(6):886-889.DU B Z, ZENG W, TAO C M, et al. The influence of lysogenic phage on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa[J]. Journal of Sichuan University:Medical Science Edition, 2008, 39(6):886-889. (in Chinese)
[16]	MATOS R C, LAPAQUE N, RIGOTTIER-GOIS L, et al. Enterococcus faecalis prophage dynamics and contributions to pathogenic traits[J]. PLoS Genet, 2013, 9(6):e1003539.
[17]	彭子欣, 张思雨, 闫韶飞, 等. 食源性希拉肠球菌R17基因组中前噬菌体的结构特征及其与宿主菌的相互影响[J]. 中国食品卫生杂志, 2017, 29(4):393-399.PENG Z X, ZHANG S Y, YAN S F, et al. The structure characteristics of prophages of foodborne Enterococcus hirae R17 and their interaction relationships with host bacterium[J]. Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2017, 29(4):393-399. (in Chinese)
[18]	VESES-GARCIA M, LIU X, RIGDEN D J, et al. Transcriptomic analysis of Shiga-toxigenic bacteriophage carriage reveals a profound regulatory effect on acid resistance in Escherichia coli[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2015, 81(23):8118-8125.
[19]	HAREL J, MARTINEZ G, NASSAR A, et al. Identification of an inducible bacteriophage in a virulent strain of Streptococcus suis serotype 2[J]. Infect Immunity, 2003, 71(10):6104-6108.
[20]	杜德超. 猪链球菌2型不同毒力菌株的鉴别及Pan-genome分析[D]. 南京:南京农业大学, 2015.DU D C. Virulence evaluation of different strains and pan-genome analysis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2[D]. Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University, 2015. (in Chinese)
[21]	虞莉, 陈绵绵, 辛思培, 等. 猪链球菌2型前噬菌体基因的检测及其与毒力基因分布的关系[J]. 畜牧与兽医, 2016, 48(5):26-31.YU L, CHEN M M, XIN S P, et al. Detection of the prophage genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 2 and its relationship with the distribution of virulent genes[J]. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2016, 48(5):26-31. (in Chinese)

Effects of Prophage on Virulence, Environmental Adaptability, Drug Resistance and Metabolic Activity of Streptococcus suis

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References 21

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Comments

[1]	LIU Xinhuan, YUN Jialei, MAO Li, LI Jizong, HAO Fei, HE Miaofeng, YANG Leilei, ZHANG Wenwen, CHENG Zilong, SUN Min, LIU Maojun, WANG Shaohui, BAI Juan, LI Wenliang. Isolation, Identification, Virulence Genes and Drug Resistance Analysis of Escherichia coli Isolated from Diarrheal Goat and Sheep [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(8): 3445-3454.
[2]	ZHAO Feifei, LI Jie, HAN Ning, XIE Shiting, ZENG Zhenling. Antibacterial Drug Resistance Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Slaughterhouse [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(7): 3044-3053.
[3]	JIANG Meihan, WEI Jintao, GUO Yuming, GUO Shuangshuang, DU Encun. Effects of Essential Oils on Gut Lesions, Carbohydrate Active Enzymes Spectrum and eggNOG Pathways of Intestinal Flora in Broilers Challenged with Clostridium perfringens [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(6): 2448-2457.
[4]	JIANG Zenghai, TENG Lin, HE Anwen, LIU Yanyan, YUE Min, HE Qigai. Genomic Analysis of Salmonella Typhimurium Isolates and Salmonella Serotype 4, [5], 12: i:- Isolates from Pig-borne Food Chain [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 1199-1209.
[5]	LU Bikai, YUAN Xiufang, XU Lihua, YU Bin, SU Fei, YE Shiyi, CHEN Yijie, JIANG Liming, ZHANG Hui, LI Junxing. Molecular Serotyping and Apx Gene Profile Analysis of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Isolates [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(3): 1341-1346.
[6]	YANG Yanbei, XU Jing, LIU Wanping, TAO Aini, FENG Yulin, SUN Yong, WANG Chuang, LIU Jian. Effects of Low-concentration Azitromycin on Protein Expression, Capsular Polysaccharides and Drug Susceptibility of Streptococcus suis Type 2 [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(2): 757-765.
[7]	Lü Ruoyi, SI Xiaohui, SUN Zhigang, SHI Xiaomin, LIU Xiaoye. Drug Resistance Situation of Streptococcus suis and Prevention Measures of Infections [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(12): 4920-4933.
[8]	ZHI Yan, MEI Chen, LIU Zhenyi, WUYUN Gerile, WANG Hongjun, HU Ge. Research Progress on the Virulence Factors of Avibacterium paragallinarum [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(12): 4934-4942.
[9]	WANG Jianing, ZHANG Ziqiang, KONG Dejing, FENG Caicai, ZHANG Feike, LIU Yumei. Isolation and Identification of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Rabbits [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(12): 5198-5206.
[10]	XIAO Jinlong, WANG Hao, WAN Quan, SHEN Jue, ZHANG Bo, ZHAO Weiwei, DENG Jing, WANG Xi, ZHAO Ru, XIAO Peng, GAO Hong. Induction of IPEC-J2 Pyroptosis by E.coli HPI from Saba Pig via NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 Pathway [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(12): 5218-5227.
[11]	YANG Menglin, ZHENG Shiqi, PENG Kai, WANG Wei, HUANG Yanhua, PENG Jie. Isolation and Identification of Pigeon-derived Salmonella Typhimurium and Pathogenic Analysis [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(11): 4880-4888.
[12]	ZHANG Kaichuan, WANG Jinyu, LI Shoujun, JIA Kun. Isolation, Identification and Biological Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Sheep in Guangdong Province [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(1): 328-337.
[13]	JIANG Nansong, JI Xing, WANG Yaxin, SUN Chengtao, WANG Yang, CHEN Hongmei, CHENG Longfei, HUANG Yu, WU Congming. Prevalence and Transduction of Prophages in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST9 of Swine Origin [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(1): 338-350.
[14]	TONG Panpan, HUANG Shunmin, WANG Yudan, SHI Xuhui, CHEN Wenxia, SONG Xinlong, ZHANG Yi, SU Zhanqiang, XIE Jinxin. Phylogenetic Clustering, Serotype and Drug Resistance Analysis of Escherichia coli from Diarrhea with Piglets in Xinjiang [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(1): 414-420.
[15]	ZHANG Zhengkai, LI Yefang, YE Shaohui, JIANG Lin, MA Yuehui. Research Progress of Environmental Adaptability in Goats [J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2022, 53(7): 2035-2046.