布鲁氏菌耐药性现状及其机制研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.11.005

畜牧兽医学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (11): 5389-5401.doi: 10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.11.005

布鲁氏菌耐药性现状及其机制研究进展

葛圣鑫¹(), 李树文¹^,², 宁文晴¹^,³, 丁家波¹^,*(), 杨晓雯¹^,*()

1. 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所, 农业农村部动物生物安全风险预警及防控重点实验室(北方), 北京 100193
2. 扬州大学兽医学院, 扬州 225009
3. 山东农业大学动物医学院, 泰安 271001

收稿日期:2025-02-13 出版日期:2025-11-23 发布日期:2025-11-27
通讯作者: 丁家波,杨晓雯 E-mail:2604561725@qq.com;dingjiabo@126.com;yangxiaowen01@caas.cn
作者简介:葛圣鑫(2001-)，男，河南驻马店人，硕士生，主要从事人兽共患病防控、耐药及致病机制研究，E-mail: 2604561725@qq.com
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(Y2025YC47)；国家重点研发计划(2024YFD1800300)；中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ZDRW202410；CAAS-CSLPDCP-202403；ASTIP-IAS-15)

Current Situation and Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance of Brucella

GE Shengxin¹(), LI Shuwen¹^,², NING Wenqing¹^,³, DING Jiabo¹^,*(), YANG Xiaowen¹^,*()

1. Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafe Risk Prevention and Control (North) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
2. College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
3. College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271001, China

Received:2025-02-13 Online:2025-11-23 Published:2025-11-27
Contact: DING Jiabo, YANG Xiaowen E-mail:2604561725@qq.com;dingjiabo@126.com;yangxiaowen01@caas.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

布鲁氏菌是引起人畜共患的布鲁氏菌病的病原菌，布鲁氏菌病是威胁我国公共卫生安全的重要疾病之一，我国每年因布鲁氏菌病造成的直接和间接经济损失高达数十亿美元。根据世界动物卫生组织和世界动物卫生信息系统统计的数据显示，除西欧、北美部分地区、澳大利亚之外，其他地区布鲁氏菌病流行情况仍然较为严峻。布鲁氏菌病的临床治疗一直以抗生素疗法为主，近年来的研究表明布鲁氏菌对临床常用的抗生素有明显的耐药趋势，给临床治疗带来了挑战。本文主要通过对2004—2024年进行的布鲁氏菌耐药性研究进行综述，分析布鲁氏菌的耐药现状和机制，为布鲁氏菌病的防控提供参考，减少因耐药导致慢性布病造成的直接和间接损失。

关键词: 布鲁氏菌, 耐药现状, 耐药机制

Abstract:

Brucella spp. is the pathogen that causes zoonotic brucellosis. Brucellosis is one of the important diseases that threaten public health safety in China. The direct and indirect economic losses caused by brucellosis in our country reach billions of dollars every year. According to the statistics of World Organization for Animal Health and World Animal Health Information System, the epidemic situation of brucellosis in most regions is still severe except Western Europe, parts of North America and Australia. The clinical treatment of brucellosis has always been based on antibiotic therapy. In recent years, researches have shown that Brucella spp. has an obvious trend of resistance to commonly used antibiotics, which has brought challenges to clinical treatment. This article mainly summarizes the researches on antibiotic resistance of Brucella spp. from 2004 to 2024, analyzes the current situation and mechanism of antibiotic resistance of Brucella spp., provides reference for the prevention and control of brucellosis, and reduces the direct and indirect losses caused by chronic brucellosis due to antibiotic resistance.

Key words: Brucella, present situation of antibiotic resistance, mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

中图分类号:

R378.5

葛圣鑫, 李树文, 宁文晴, 丁家波, 杨晓雯. 布鲁氏菌耐药性现状及其机制研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(11): 5389-5401.

GE Shengxin, LI Shuwen, NING Wenqing, DING Jiabo, YANG Xiaowen. Current Situation and Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance of Brucella[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(11): 5389-5401.

图/表 2

表 1

世界各地布鲁氏菌耐药性"

地区 Region	发表年份 Publication year	菌株年份 Strain year	方法 Method	菌株种类 Strain type	抗生素耐药率 Antibiotic resistance rate
伊朗哈马丹^[9]	2017	2015-2016	E-test	羊种布鲁氏菌	利福平(35.10%)、复方新诺明(3.500%)
土耳其^[13]	2013	2006-2011	琼脂稀释法	羊种布鲁氏菌	链霉素(7.300%)、环丙沙星(7.300%)、庆大霉素(7.300%)、利福平(9.700%)、复方新诺明(46.30%)
沙特阿拉伯^[12]	2022	2021	纸片扩散法	羊种布鲁氏菌	复方新诺明(36.36%)、利福平(31.28%)、氨苄西林—舒巴坦(27.27%)、氨苄青霉素(22.70%)
沙特阿拉伯^[12]	2022	2021	纸片扩散法	牛种布鲁氏菌	复方新诺明(32.14%)、利福平(35.71%)、氨苄西林—舒巴坦(28.57%)、氨苄青霉素(32.14%)
卡塔尔^[33]	2015	2014-2015	E-test	羊种布鲁氏菌	利福平(48.00%)
埃及^[7]	2019	—	E-test	羊种布鲁氏菌	环丙沙星(76.19%)、红霉素(19.04%)、亚胺培南(76.19%)、利福平(66.66%)、链霉素(4.760%)
埃及^[7]	2019	—	E-test	牛种布鲁氏菌	环丙沙星(25.00%)、红霉素(87.50%)、亚胺培南(25.00%)、利福平(37.50%)
哈萨克斯坦^[11]	2017	2008-2014	E-test	羊种布鲁氏菌	庆大霉素(2.700%)、利福平(26.40%)
印度^[5]	2024	2006-2023	E-test	羊种布鲁氏菌	多西环素(20.80%)；环丙沙星(16.67%)；复方新诺明(4.170%)；利福平(16.67%)
挪威^[6]	2018	1999-2016	微量稀释法、E-test	羊种布鲁氏菌	只检测到利福平耐药菌株
波黑^[34]	2022	2018	琼脂稀释法	羊种布鲁氏菌	84.30%的菌株对复方新诺明在BB中耐药，在CAMHB中不耐药；90.00%以上的菌株对阿奇霉素在BB和CAMHB中都具有耐药性
中国内蒙古^[20]	2024	2022-2023	E-test	羊种布鲁氏菌	阿奇霉素(100.0%)、头孢曲松(20.68%)、利福平(6.890%)
中国东北地区^[21]	2023	2020	E-test	羊种布鲁氏菌	利福平(24.60%)、阿奇霉素(86.90%)、头孢吡肟(65.60%)、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦(27.90%)、头孢噻肟(3.300%)、美吡利啶/磺胺甲恶唑(1.600%)
中国新疆^[25]	2024	—	实时PCR，Tis双探针检测法、微量稀释法	羊种布鲁氏菌	检测到6株利福平中等耐药布鲁氏菌，无阿米卡星耐药菌株
中国河南^[29]	2024	2013-2022	肉汤稀释法	羊种布鲁氏菌	环丙沙星耐药率2.800%，复方新诺明耐药率30.60%，氨苄西林耐药率94.40%
中国青海^[28]	2024	2015-2020	微量稀释法	羊种布鲁氏菌	检测到1株阿奇霉素耐药菌株
中国云南省玉溪市^[32]	2017	2014-2016	纸片扩散法	—	头孢噻肟、头孢吡肟、亚胺培南、多西环素、头孢哌酮、米诺环素、妥布霉素、利福平、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、氯霉素耐药率≤10.00%，氨曲南87.80%，氨苄西林41.46%

表 1

图 1

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布鲁氏菌耐药性现状及其机制研究进展

Current Situation and Mechanism of Antibiotic Resistance of Brucella

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