粪菌移植改善仔猪断奶早期肠道屏障功能的作用机制研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.11.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肠道菌群是宿主防御机制的重要组成部分，在动物健康及其宿主防御病原微生物感染中起着至关重要的作用，肠道菌群失衡会导致多种肠道疾病的发生。粪菌移植(fecal microbiota transplantation，FMT)是调节肠道微生物群、治疗肠道疾病最有效的方法之一。肠道菌群失衡引起的肠道功能障碍可以通过FMT得到改善。本文从仔猪肠道微生物屏障、化学屏障、物理屏障和免疫屏障的角度对FMT改善早期断奶仔猪肠道屏障功能的潜在机制及FMT的发展前景进行综述，以期为促进养猪生产上的FMT规范应用提供参考。

关键词: 粪菌移植, 断奶仔猪, 肠道菌群, 肠道屏障

Abstract:

Intestinal flora is an important part of the host defense mechanism, and plays a crucial role in animal health and its host defense against pathogenic microbial infections, and an imbalance of intestinal flora can lead to a variety of intestinal diseases. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is one of the most effective methods to regulate intestinal microbiota and treat intestinal diseases. Intestinal dysfunction caused by intestinal microbiota imbalance can be improved by FMT. In this paper, the potential mechanism of FMT in improving intestinal barrier function and the development prospect of FMT from the perspective of intestinal microbial barrier, chemical barrier, physical barrier and immune barrier of piglets were reviewed, in order to provide reference for promoting the application of FMT specification in pig production.

Key words: fecal microbiota transplantation, weaned pigs, intestinal microbiota, intestinal barrier

中图分类号:

S828.5

白慧涛, 孙健, 解伟纯, 王雪莹, 王晓娜, 唐丽杰. 粪菌移植改善仔猪断奶早期肠道屏障功能的作用机制研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(11): 5379-5388.

BAI Huitao, SUN Jian, XIE Weichun, WANG Xueying, WANG Xiaona, TANG Lijie. Research Progress on the Mechanism of Fecal Bacteria Transplantation to Improve Intestinal Barrier Function in Early Weaning Piglets[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(11): 5379-5388.

图/表 2

表 1

图 1

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供体菌 Donor bacteria	仔猪品种(日龄) Piglet specices (days of age)	处理方式 Processing mode	结果 Result	参考文献 Reference
粪肠球菌 Enterococcus faecalis	杜×长×大(28日龄)	每日一次(2.5×10⁹ CFU·kg^-1)，连续饲喂28 d	提高仔猪生长性能和肠道微生物菌群多样性，并增加乳酸菌丰度	Hu等^[10]
植物乳植杆菌 Lactiplantibacillus plantarum	杜×长×大(4日龄)	每日一次(5.0×10¹⁰ CFU·kg^-1)，连续饲喂15 d	改善肠道形态；促进肠道紧密连接蛋白TJs表达	Yang等^[11]
德氏乳杆菌 Lactobacillus delbrueckii	杜×长×大(21日龄)	1、3、7和14日龄分别口服1、2、3和4 mL(5×10⁹ CFU·mL^-1)	促进肠道ZO-1和闭锁蛋白的表达，并改善肠绒毛形态	Li等^[12]
丁酸梭菌 Clostridium butyricum	杜×长×约(28日龄)	每日一次(1.0×10⁹ CFU·kg^-1)，连续饲喂14 d	促进肠道TJs蛋白和黏蛋白的表达，并增加乳酸菌丰度	Fu等^[13]
罗伊氏黏液乳杆菌 Limosilactobacillus reuteri	杜×长×大(21日龄)	每日一次(5.0×10¹⁰ CFU·kg^-1)，连续饲喂15 d	提高仔猪生长性能；改善肠道形态和屏障功能	Yi等^[14]

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