中药健脾四胃方剂对断奶湖羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵及菌群组成的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.01.042

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在研究中药健脾四胃复方制剂对断奶湖羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵及菌群组成的影响。选取100只健康，体况良好，平均体重(14.55±0.21) kg的2月龄湖羊，采用单因素试验设计，随机分为5组，每组4个重复，每重复5只羊。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，复方A1和A2组分别在基础日粮中添加0.3%、0.5%的健脾四胃方剂A，复方B1和B2组分别在基础日粮中添加0.3%、0.5%的健脾四胃方剂B。结果表明：与对照组相比，复方A2组平均日增重显著提高(P＜0.05)，料重比显著降低(P＜0.05)；复方A1、B2组的氨态氮(NH₃-N)含量显著提高(P＜0.05)，微生物蛋白(MCP)含量显著降低(P＜0.05)，复方A2组的的pH极显著降低(P＜0.01)，丙酸含量极显著提高(P＜0.01)、乙酸与丙酸的比值极显著降低(P＜0.01)，总挥发性脂肪酸极显著提高(P＜0.01)；复方A1、A2组的瘤胃微生物的物种数与Chao 1指数显著提高(P＜0.05)，Shannon指数极显著提高(P＜0.01)，螺旋体门(Spirochaetota)的相对丰度极显著降低(P＜0.01)，且复方A2组的广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)的相对丰度极显著提高(P＜0.01)；复方A1、A2组的理研菌科RC9菌属(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)、真/优杆菌属(Eubacterium_ventriosum_group)相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05)，未知属拟杆菌目RF16菌(Bacteroidales_RF16_group)相对丰度显提高(P＜0.05)；复方A2组的月形单胞菌属(Selenomonas)相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05)，奎因氏菌属(Quinella)相对丰度显著提高(P＜0.05)。以上结果表明，在饲粮中添加中药健脾四胃复方制剂可以促进断奶湖羊的生长性能，改善瘤胃发酵，提高瘤胃菌群的多样性和丰富度。

关键词: 中药复方, 断奶湖羊, 生产性能, 瘤胃发酵, 瘤胃菌群

Abstract:

The aim of this experiment was to study the effects of Chinese medicine Jianpisiwei formulas on the growth performance, rumen fermentation and microbiota composition of weaned Hu sheep. A total of 100 healthy 2-month-old Hu sheep with average body weight of (14.55±0.21) kg were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 5 sheep per replicate. The control group was fed with basal diet, A1 and A2 groups were fed basal diet supplemented with 0.3% and 0.5% Jianpisiwei formula A, the B1 and B2 groups were fed basal diet supplemented with 0.3% and 0.5% Jianpisiwei formula B. The results showed that compared with the control group, the average daily weight gain of the A2 group was significantly increased (P < 0.05), the feed-to-gain ratio was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the content of ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) in the A1 and B2 groups was significantly increased (P < 0.05), the content of microbial protein (MCP) was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the pH value of the the A2 group was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the content of propionic acid was significantly increased (P < 0.01). The ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), the total volatile fatty acids were significantly increased (P < 0.01), the number of species and Chao 1 index in the the A1 and A2 groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05), the Shannon index was significantly increased (P < 0.01), the relative abundance of Spirochaetota was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the relative abundance of Euryarchaeota in the A2 group was significantly increased (P < 0.01);The relative abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and Eubacterium_ventriosum_group in the A1 and A2 groups decreased significantly (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Bacteroidales_RF16_group increased significantly (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Selenomonas in the A2 group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while the relative abundance of Quinella increased significantly (P < 0.05). The above results indicated that the addition of Chinese medicine Jianpisiwei formulas to the diet could promote the growth performance, improve rumen fermentation, and increase the diversity and richness of rumen flora in weaned Hu sheep.

Key words: Chinese medicine formula, Hu sheep, production performance, rumen fermentation, rumen flora

中图分类号:

李玮, 吴禧龙, 赵兴瑞, 许兰娇, 杨小斌, 宋小珍. 中药健脾四胃方剂对断奶湖羊生长性能、瘤胃发酵及菌群组成的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(1): 466-478.

LI Wei, WU Xilong, ZHAO Xingrui, XU Lanjiao, YANG Xiaobin, SONG Xiaozhen. Effects of Chinese Medicine Jianpisiwei Formulas on Growth Performance, Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota Composition of Weaned Hu Sheep[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(1): 466-478.

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原料 Ingredient	含量 Content	营养水平 Nutrient level²⁾	含量 Content
花生秧 Peanut vine	60.00	干物质 DM	86.53
玉米 Corn	23.4	综合净能/(MJ·kg^-1) Nemf	6.33
麸皮 Wheat bran	3.20	粗蛋白 CP	12.74
豆粕 Soybean meal	6.80	中性洗涤纤维 NDF	35.70
玉米胚芽粕 Corn germ meal	4.00	酸性洗涤纤维 ADF	23.77
碳酸氢钠 NaHCO₃	0.40	粗灰分 Ash	8.79
石粉 Limestone	0.60	钙 Ca	0.99
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	0.60	磷 P	0.40
食盐 NaCl	0.20
预混料 Premix¹⁾	0.80
合计 Total	100

项目 Item	组别 Group					SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	对照组 Control	复方A1 Formula A1	复方A2 Formula A2	复方B1 Formula B1	复方B2 Formula B2	SEM	P值 P-value
初重/kg Initial weight	14.50	14.51	14.51	14.51	14.74	0.07	0.761
末重/kg Final weight	22.27	22.93	23.08	22.58	22.46	0.18	0.656
平均日增重/(g·d^-1) ADG	129.58^bc	137.60^ab	141.28^a	134.60^abc	128.65^c	1.51	0.018
平均日采食量/(g·d^-1) ADF	908.95	918.20	919.16	901.49	901.17	3.23	0.215
料重比 F/G	7.03^a	6.70^ab	6.52^b	6.73^ab	7.02^a	0.07	0.044

项目 Item	组别 Group					SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	对照组 Control	复方A1 Formula A1	复方A2 Formula A2	复方B1 Formula B1	复方B2 Formula B2	SEM	P值 P-value
pH	7.24^a	7.16^a	6.90^b	7.25^a	7.25^a	0.04	0.002
氨态氮/(mg·dL^-1) NH₃-N	6.30^b	8.20^a	7.15^ab	7.32^ab	8.35^a	0.25	0.043
微生物蛋白/(mg·dL^-1) MCP	89.82^a	62.26^c	81.66^ab	77.47^abc	66.39^bc	3.15	0.016
乙酸/(mmol·L^-1) Acetic acid	25.22^ab	24.62^ab	30.86^a	20.29^b	23.01^b	1.13	0.025
丙酸/(mmol·L^-1) Propionic acid	5.26^b	5.26^b	9.78^a	4.47^b	5.41^b	0.54	0.002
丁酸/(mmol·L^-1) Butyric acid	4.50	5.18	4.85	4.23	4.04	0.20	0.413
乙酸/丙酸 Acetic acid/Propionic acid	4.83^a	4.70^a	3.25^b	4.57^a	4.28^a	0.16	0.001
总挥发性脂肪/(mmol·L^-1) TVFA	36.49^b	36.99^b	47.84^a	30.68^b	34.20^b	1.76	0.010

项目 Item	组别 Group			SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	对照组 Control	复方A1 Formula A1	复方A2 Formula A2	SEM	P值 P-value
物种数 Observed species	1 285.25^b	1 665.25^a	1 869.25^a	93.24	0.014
Shannon指数 Shannon index	7.52^b	8.54^a	8.83^a	0.21	0.008
Simpson指数 Simpson index	9.66	9.90	9.91	0.05	0.058
Chao 1指数 Chao 1 index	1 306.62^b	1 684.75^a	1 891.27^a	94.47	0.017
覆盖率 Coverage index	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.00	0.579

项目 Item	组别 Group			SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	对照组 Control	复方A1组 Formula A1	复方A2组 Formula A2	SEM	P值 P-value
厚壁菌门 Firmicutes	51.39	56.46	51.35	3.23	0.794
拟杆菌门 Bacteroidota	40.89	34.04	39.73	3.42	0.722
广古菌门 Euryarchaeota	1.22^b	2.44^ab	3.73^a	0.39	0.009
变形菌门 Proteobacteria	3.09	4.66	3.21	0.41	0.241
螺旋体门 Spirochaetota	1.52^a	0.61^b	0.26^b	0.17	0.000
互养菌门 Synergistota	0.15	0.35	0.38	0.09	0.586
放线菌门 Actinobacteriota	0.59	0.39	0.48	0.08	0.634
Patescibacteria	0.40	0.28	0.20	0.07	0.591
疣微菌门 Verrucomicrobiota	0.23	0.15	0.18	0.05	0.841
脱硫杆菌门 Desulfobacterota	0.15	0.29	0.18	0.03	0.168
其他 Others	0.37	0.33	0.30	0.06	0.915