植酸酶对日粮铜减量下肉鸡生产性能和Cu、Zn排泄量的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2023.04.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植酸是广泛存在于植物饲料原料中的抗营养物质，常与Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Fe²⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺等离子螯合降低畜禽对矿物元素的生物利用率。植酸酶可以有效降解植酸，进而释放被螯合的金属元素，改善Cu、Zn等的利用率，同时降低排泄量。本试验旨在确定添加植酸酶对日粮Cu水平减量下肉鸡生产性能和Cu、Zn等元素排放效应的影响。试验选取1日龄体重均匀、健康的雄性肉仔鸡480只，随机分为3个处理组，每个处理8个重复。对照组（CON）饲喂标准试验日粮（Cu，8 mg·kg^-1），两个试验组日粮Cu添加水平分别为4 mg·kg^-1（50% Cu）和0 mg·kg^-1（0% Cu），同时添加1 200 U·kg^-1植酸酶。测定肉鸡生产性能及血液、骨骼中Cu、Zn等元素含量，于4周和7周时进行代谢试验测定Cu、Zn表观利用率和粪便排泄量。结果表明，降低日粮铜水平下添加植酸酶对各阶段肉鸡的生产性能均无显著影响（P>0.05），各处理组间肝和胫骨中Cu、Zn沉积量均无明显差异（P>0.05），但对21 d肉鸡胫骨指数有促进作用（P=0.07），21 d时0% Cu组较CON组胫骨Mn含量显著升高（P<0.05）；第4周两个Cu减量组肉鸡Ca、P和Cu、Zn、Mn的表观生物学利用率均显著提高（P<0.05），且Cu和Ca、P表观利用率提高呈现剂量效应，第7周50% Cu组Cu、Zn表观利用率显著高于CON组（P<0.05）；与CON组相比，0% Cu和50% Cu组肉鸡4周龄Cu、Zn、Mn的排泄量均显著降低（P<0.05），7周龄时Cu排泄量显著减少（P<0.05）。综上所述，日粮中添加1 200 U·kg^-1植酸酶在Cu水平降低至标准添加量的50%或0%时对肉鸡的生产性能没有明显影响，但可以提高日粮Cu、Zn的表观利用率，减少粪便Cu、Zn的排泄。

关键词: 肉鸡, 植酸酶, 铜, 锌, 生产性能, 排泄量

Abstract: As an anti-nutrient, phytic acid was widely presented in plant feed materials, and it was often complexed with Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, Fe²⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and other ions to reduce the bioavailability of mineral elements in livestock and poultry. Phytase could effectively degrade phytic acid, thereby releasing the complexed metal elements, thus improving the utilization of Cu, Zn, etc., and reducing the excretion. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of phytase supplementation on the production performance of broilers and the emission of Cu, Zn and other elements in broiler chickens under reduced dietary Cu levels. A total of 480 healthy one-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups with 8 replicates in each group. The control group was fed a standard diet (8 mg·kg^-1 Cu without phytase), and the dietary Cu levels of the two experimental groups were 4 mg·kg^-1(50% Cu) and 0 mg·kg^-1 (0% Cu), and 1 200 U·kg^-1 phytase was supplemented to the diets, respectively. The production performance of broilers and the content of Cu, Zn and other elements in blood and bones were determined. Metabolic tests were carried out at 4 and 7 weeks to determine the apparent utilization of Cu and Zn and their excretion in feces. The results showed that phytase supplementation had no significant effect on the production performance of broilers at all stages when the dietary copper level was reduced (P>0.05), but had a promoting effect on the 21 d broiler tibia index (P=0.07), and the Mn content of the tibia in 0% Cu group was significantly higher than that in the CON group (P<0.05) at 21 d. In the 4th week, the apparent bioavailability of Ca, P, Cu, Zn, and Mn in the two Cu decreasing groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the apparent metabolic rates of Cu, Ca, and P increased in a dose-dependent manner. At the 7th week, the apparent metabolic rates of Cu and Zn in the 50% Cu group were significantly higher than those in the CON group (P<0.05). Compared with the CON group, the excretion of Cu, Zn and Mn in 0% Cu and 50% Cu groups were significantly decreased at the 4th week (P<0.05), and the excretion of Cu at the 7th week was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the supplementation of 1 200 U·kg^-1 phytase in the diet had no obvious effect on the production performance of broilers when the diet Cu level was reduced to 50% or 0% of the standard, but it could increase the apparent utilization rate of dietary Cu, Zn and reduce the excretion of fecal Cu and Zn.

Key words: broiler, phytase, copper, zinc, production performance, excretion

中图分类号:

S831.5

闫威东, 王萍, 姜明君, 赵景鹏, 王晓鹃, 林海, 焦洪超. 植酸酶对日粮铜减量下肉鸡生产性能和Cu、Zn排泄量的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2023, 54(4): 1535-1544.

YAN Weidong, WANG Ping, JIANG Mingjun, ZHAO Jingpeng, WANG Xiaojuan, LIN Hai, JIAO Hongchao. Effects of Supplementing Phytase to Cu Decrement Diet on Production Performance and Cu, Zn Excretion of Broilers[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2023, 54(4): 1535-1544.

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