饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌对大肠杆菌攻毒仔猪生长性能、血清免疫及抗氧化功能、肠道形态和微生物的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 旨在探究饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌(BS)对产肠毒素大肠杆菌(ETEC)攻毒仔猪生长性能、抗氧化与免疫功能、肠道形态和微生物的影响。试验选取24头35日龄体重(BW)为8.30±0.15 kg的“杜×长×大”仔猪，随机分为4组，每组6个重复，每个重复1头猪。NC组饲喂基础饲粮并灌喂10 mL·kg^-1 BW的无菌培养液，PC组饲喂基础饲粮并灌喂10 mL·kg^-1 BW的ETCT(1×10⁹CFU·mL^-1)菌液，LBS组和HBS组饲喂分别添加500和800 mg·kg^-1 枯草芽孢杆菌的基础饲粮并灌服10 mL·kg^-1 BW的ETCT(1×10⁹ CFU·mL^-1)菌液。预试期7 d，正试期14 d。结果表明：1)正试期1～7 d和1～14 d，与NC组相比，PC组腹泻率显著增加(DR)(P<0.05)，与PC组相比，LBS组和HBS组DR有所降低；8~14 d，PC组平均日采食量显著低于NC组(P<0.05)，LBS组平均日增重显著高于PC组和HBS组(P<0.05)，LBS组平均日采食量显著高于HBS组(P<0.05)。2)PC组仔猪血清SOD和CAT的活性显著低于NC组(P<0.05)，PCO含量显著高于NC组，LBS组SOD活性显著高于PC组和HBS组(P<0.05)。3)PC组仔猪血清IgA含量显著低于NC组(P<0.05)，LBS组血清IgG含量显著高于PC组和HBS组(P<0.05)。4)LBS组仔猪空肠的绒毛高度和隐窝深度显著高于PC组和HBS组(P<0.05)。与PC组相比，HBS组显著降低了仔猪结肠的隐窝深度(P<0.05)。5)Lefse分析表明，与PC组相比，LBS组结肠中链球菌属(Streptococcus)和直肠中乳酸杆菌目(Lactobacilales)、消化链球菌属(Peptostreptococcus)和拟普雷沃氏菌属(Alkoprevotella)的丰度显著增加(P<0.05)。综上所述，饲粮添加500 mg·kg^-1枯草芽孢杆菌可以影响仔猪肠道形态和菌群结构，提高其抗氧化和免疫能力，进而改善ETEC攻毒仔猪的生长性能和腹泻。

关键词: 枯草芽孢杆菌, 产肠毒素大肠杆菌, 仔猪, 抗氧化与免疫, 肠道菌群

Abstract: The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis (BS) on growth performance, antioxidant and immune function, intestinal morphology and intestinal flora of piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). A total of 24 Duroc × Landrace × Landrace piglets with a body weight of 8.30±0.15 kg at the age of 35 days were randomly divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates per group and 1 pig per replicate. Piglets in the NC group were fed a basal diet and 10 mL·kg^-1 BW sterile culture medium, while piglets in the PC group were fed a basal diet and 10 mL·kg^-1 BW ETCT (1×10⁹ CFU·mL^-1) bacterial solution. The piglets in the LBS and HBS groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 500 and 800 mg·kg^-1 Bacillus subtilis, respectively, and both fed 10 mL·kg^-1 BW ETCT (1×10⁹ CFU·mL^-1) bacterial solution. The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days, and the experimental period lasted for 14 days. The results were showed as follows: 1) During the trial period from 1 to 7 days and from 1 to 14 days, diarrhea rate was significantly increased in PC group compared with NC group (DR), while DR in LBS group and HBS group were decreased compared with PC group; From 8 to 14 days, the average daily feed intake of PC group was significantly lower than that of NC group (P<0.05), and the average daily gain of LBS group was significantly higher than those of PC group and HBS group (P<0.05), the average daily feed intake of LBS group was significantly higher than that of HBS group (P<0.05). 2) The activities of SOD and CAT in serum of piglets in PC group were significantly lower than those in NC group (P<0.05), the content of PCO was significantly higher than that in the NC group, and the SOD in LBS group was significantly higher than that in PC group and HBS group (P<0.05). 3) The serum IgA content of piglets in PC group was significantly lower than that in NC group (P<0.05), and the serum IgG content in LBS group was significantly higher than that in PC group and HBS group (P<0.05). 4) The villus height and crypt depth of jejunum in LBS group were significantly higher than those in PC and HBS groups (P<0.05). Compared with PC group, crypt depth of colon of piglets in HBS group was significantly decreased (P<0.05).5) Lefse analysis showed that compared with the PC group, the abundance of Streptococcus in colon and Lactobacilales, Peptostreptococcus and Alkoprevotella in rectum were significantly increased in LBS group (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 500 mg·kg^-1 Bacillus subtilis can affect intestinal morphology and microflora structure of piglets, improve their antioxidant and immune capabilities, and then improve the growth performance and diarrhea of ETEC challenged piglets.

Key words: Bacillus subtilis, ETEC, piglets, antioxidant and immune, intestinal microflora

中图分类号:

S828.5

茹敏, 蒋小丰, 罗国升, 武永厚. 饲粮添加枯草芽孢杆菌对大肠杆菌攻毒仔猪生长性能、血清免疫及抗氧化功能、肠道形态和微生物的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4461-4471.

RU Min, JIANG Xiaofeng, LUO Guosheng, WU Yonghou. Effects of Dietary Bacillus subtilis Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Immunity and Antioxidant Function, Intestinal Morphology and Microorganisms of Piglets Challenged with Escherichia coli[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4461-4471.

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