基于斜率比法评价断奶仔猪对高温烧结法磷酸三钙的相对生物学利用率

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.01.025

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究以磷酸氢钙(DCP)为参照物，以断奶仔猪生长性能、日粮消化率、血清和骨骼指标等为对象，评价高温烧结法饲用磷酸三钙(TCP)的相对生物学利用率。试验采用2×3因子完全随机试验设计，DCP和TCP各设3个磷添加水平，分别为0.08%、0.16%和0.24%，两种磷源共用一个基础日粮对照组。选择7~8周龄，体重、日龄相近的杜×长×大杂交断奶仔猪140头，按体重、性别、年龄一致的原则分为7个处理，每处理设4个重复，每重复5头猪。试验期共38 d，预试期3 d，正试期35 d。结果表明：磷源、磷添加水平及其交互作用对断奶仔猪生长性能无显著影响(P＞0.05)；磷添加水平显著影响仔猪对日粮钙、磷的表观消化率，胫骨和掌骨磷含量，股骨和掌骨断裂强度等指标，且呈现剂量效应(P < 0.05)；与DCP相比，TCP显著提高了仔猪表观可消化磷采食量、股骨断裂强度、掌骨磷含量等指标(P < 0.05)。综合日粮钙、磷表观消化率，表观可消化磷，以及股骨和掌骨强度、掌骨钙和磷等敏感指标，以DCP生物学利用率为参考(100%)，高温烧结法TCP的相对生物学利用率为109%。综上所述，断奶仔猪对高温烧结法TCP中磷的利用率优于DCP，有利于促进骨骼钙、磷沉积和增强骨骼强度。

关键词: 断奶仔猪, 磷酸三钙, 磷酸氢钙, 相对生物学利用率, 斜率比

Abstract:

This study was conducted to determine the relative bioavailability of tricalcium phosphate (TCP), which is produced by high-temperature sintering method, by using dicalcium phosphate (DCP) as the reference, and talking the growth performance, dietary digestibility, serum and bone indexes of weaned piglets as indicators. The experiment conducted a 2×3 factorial arrangement experimental design, DCP and TCP were added into basal diet at 3 phosphorus supplemental levels, which were 0.08%, 0.16% and 0.24%, respectively, and two kinds of phosphates shared one control treatment which fed the basal diet. One hundred and forty Duroc×Large White×Yorkshire weaned piglets with similar body weight were randomly allocated into 7 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 5 piglets in each replicate. The experimental period lasted for 38 days including a 3-day adaptation period and a 35-day normal test period. The results showed that the phosphorus source and supplemental level and their interaction had no significant effects on growth performance of weaned piglets (P>0.05). The level of phosphorus supplementation significantly affected the apparent digestibility of dietary calcium and phosphorus, phosphorus content in tibia and metacarpal bones, and fracture strength of femur and metacarpal bones in piglets and presented a dose effect with the increase of phosphorus (P < 0.05). Compared with DCP, TCP significantly increased the apparent digestible phosphorus intake, femoral fracture strength, and metacarpal phosphorus content of piglets (P < 0.05). Considering the sensitive indicators such as dietary apparent digestibility of calcium and phosphorus, apparent digestible phosphorus, femoral and metacarpal strength, as well as metacarpal calcium and phosphorus contents, the average relative bioavailability of TCP is 109% with a reference to the bioavailability of DCP (100%). In conclusion, the bioavailability of phosphorus in TCP is better than that in DCP, which is beneficial for promoting bone calcium and phosphorus deposition and enhancing the bone strength.

Key words: weaned piglet, tricalcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, relative bioavailability, slope ratio

中图分类号:

S816.32

范定坤, 张涛, 焦帅, 陆伟, 付域泽, 杨宏, 屠焰, 石玲元, 张乃锋. 基于斜率比法评价断奶仔猪对高温烧结法磷酸三钙的相对生物学利用率[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(1): 269-280.

FAN Dingkun, ZHANG Tao, JIAO Shuai, LU Wei, FU Yuze, YANG Hong, TU Yan, SHI Lingyuan, ZHANG Naifeng. Evaluation of Relative Bioavailability of Tricalcium Phosphate Produced by High-temperature Sintering Method in Weaned Piglets Based on Slope Ratio Method[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(1): 269-280.

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原料Ingredient	含量Content	营养水平Nutrient level³⁾	含量Content
玉米Corn	60	干物质DM	88.98
豆粕Soybean meal	33.5	代谢能/(MJ·kg^-1) ME	12.46
预混料Premix¹⁾	4	粗蛋白质CP	19.97
矿物质预混剂Mineral premix²⁾	2.5	粗脂肪EE	0.63
合计Total	100	中性洗涤纤维NDF	15.60
		酸性洗涤纤维ADF	8.78
		钙Ca	0.11
		总磷TP	0.35

项目 Item	对照组CON	磷酸氢钙DCP			磷酸三钙TCP
项目 Item	0	0.08%	0.16%	0.24%	0.08%	0.16%	0.24%
原料Ingredient
磷酸三钙TCP	/	/	/	/	17.6	35.2	52.8
磷酸氢钙DCP	/	18	36	54	/	/	/
石粉Limestone	35.6	34	33.2	32.8	29.2	24	19.2
沸石粉Zeolite	64.4	48	30.8	13.2	53.2	40.8	28
合计Total	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
营养成分Nutrient
日粮钙Dietary Ca	0.60	0.64	0.69	0.74	0.64	0.69	0.74
日粮磷Dietary P	0.35	0.43	0.51	0.59	0.43	0.51	0.59

项目 Item	磷水平/% P levels	初重/kg IBW	末重/kg FBW	日增重/(g·d^-1) ADG	采食量/(g·d^-1) DMI	料重比 F/G
对照组CON	0	16.75	32.97	569.83	1 214.53	2.14
磷酸三钙 TCP	0.08	15.65	34.75	606.15	1 225.64	2.03
	0.16	15.88	33.06	549.93	1 184.09	2.20
	0.24	16.36	35.20	624.60	1 283.01	2.07
磷酸氢钙 DCP	0.08	14.25	33.05	553.47	1 177.69	2.15
	0.16	15.54	33.07	550.53	1 233.64	2.26
	0.24	14.72	33.65	566.57	1 172.30	2.08
	SEM	0.82	1.59	37.56	41.53	0.11
磷源 P sources	磷酸三钙TCP	15.96	34.34^a	593.56	1 230.92	2.10
磷源 P sources	磷酸氢钙DCP	14.84	33.26^b	556.85	1 194.54	2.16
SEM	0.51	0.93	34.54	43.73	0.07
磷水平 P levels	0.08	14.95	33.90	579.81	1 201.67	2.09
	0.16	15.71	33.07	550.23	1 208.86	2.23
	0.24	15.54	34.43	595.59	1 227.66	2.07
	SEM	0.62	1.12	23.68	29.98	0.08
P值 P-value	磷源P source	0.132 6	0.037 6	0.080 9	0.192 9	0.250 6
	磷水平P level	0.669 0	0.628 6	0.438 5	0.759 8	0.403 9
	磷源×磷水平 P source× P level	0.737 3	0.449 1	0.487 3	0.147 0	0.856 7

项目 Item	磷水平/% P level	表观全消化道消化率/% ATTD			表观可消化磷/(g·kg^-1 DMI) ADP
项目 Item	磷水平/% P level	干物质DM	钙Ca	磷P	表观可消化磷/(g·kg^-1 DMI) ADP
对照组CON	0	87.41^a	44.66	39.42	1.61
磷酸三钙 TCP	0.08	87.96^d	47.63	45.32	2.37
磷酸三钙 TCP	0.16	92.55^b	51.39	46.78	2.85
0.24	89.14^c	53.56	50.83	3.96
磷酸氢钙 DCP	0.08	92.18^b	46.60	43.63	2.23
	0.16	92.21^b	50.53	44.65	2.85
	0.24	94.17^a	54.13	50.36	3.59
	SEM	0.30	1.63	1.08	0.09
磷源 P sources	磷酸三钙TCP	89.88	50.86	47.59	3.06^a
	磷酸氢钙DCP	92.85	50.42	46.27	2.88^b
	SEM	0.21	0.93	0.55	0.05
磷水平/% P levels	0.08	90.07	47.11^b	44.52^b	2.29^c
	0.16	92.38	50.96^a	45.69^b	2.85^b
	0.24	91.66	53.84^a	50.58^a	3.77^a
	SEM	0.25	1.12	0.66	0.06
P值 P-value	磷源P source	＜0.000 1	0.969 6	0.075 1	0.015 1
	磷水平P level	＜0.000 1	0.002 5	＜0.000 1	＜0.000 1
	磷源×磷水平 P source× P level	＜0.000 1	0.790 3	0.658 5	0.123 6

项目 Item	磷水平/% P level	碱性磷酸酶/ (U·L^-1) ALP	磷/(mmol·L^-1) P	钙/(mmol·L^-1) Ca	甲状旁腺素/ (pg·mL^-1) PTH	降钙素/ (pmol·L^-1) CT
对照组CON	0	273.73^a	3.33^ab	3.81	23.23	2.17^b
磷酸三钙 TCP	0.08	199.08^c	3.02^ab	4.10	22.06	2.61^a
	0.16	287.31^a	3.32^a	3.33	21.70	2.44^ab
	0.24	197.16^c	2.99^ab	4.35	22.59	2.22^ab
磷酸氢钙 DCP	0.08	271.89^ab	3.38^a	3.06	20.28	1.99^b
	0.16	224.35^bc	2.86^b	2.50	24.02	2.19^ab
	0.24	229.02^bc	3.24^ab	4.37	22.53	2.66^a
	SEM	19.71	0.14	0.75	2.12	0.17
磷源 P source	磷酸三钙TCP	227.85	3.11	3.93	22.12	2.42
	磷酸氢钙DCP	241.75	3.16	3.31	22.28	2.28
	SEM	11.38	0.08	0.43	0.91	0.10
磷水平/% P level	0.08	235.49	3.20	3.58	21.17	2.30
	0.16	255.83	3.09	2.91	22.86	2.31
	0.24	213.09	3.12	4.36	22.56	2.44
	SEM	13.94	0.10	0.53	1.12	0.13
P值 P-value	磷源P source	0.394 6	0.635 1	0.317 9	0.903 1	0.332 5
	磷水平P level	0.112 5	0.695 1	0.170 4	0.531 2	0.673 4
	磷源×磷水平 P source×P level	0.005 4	0.010 9	0.756 2	0.437 4	0.018 7