磷脂酰乙醇胺对出生后生长迟缓仔猪结肠黏膜屏障功能和肠道菌群的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.07.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在探究磷脂酰乙醇胺(PE)是否改善出生后生长迟缓(PGR)仔猪的结肠黏膜屏障功能和缓解肠道菌群紊乱。试验选取16头7日龄PGR仔猪(平均体重1.88±0.40 kg)和16头体重正常(NBW)仔猪(平均体重2.79±0.50 kg)按体重随机分为4组：CON-NBW(CN)组、PE-NBW(PN)组、CON-PGR(CP)组和PE-PGR(PP)组，每组8个重复，每个重复1头仔猪。PN组和PP组仔猪在哺乳期每日灌喂0.78 g PE，断奶后每日灌喂2.11 g PE，CN组和CP组仔猪灌喂等体积生理盐水，所有仔猪于28日龄断奶，试验期42 d。49日龄时屠宰仔猪，采集仔猪结肠组织和内容物样品，进行结肠黏膜屏障功能相关指标的测定和结肠内容物16S rDNA测序。结果表明：与NBW仔猪相比，PGR仔猪结肠形态受损，杯状细胞数量、ZO-1、spdef和MUC2的mRNA表达量显著降低(P < 0.05)，同时，仔猪状态(NBW或PGR)和PE处理对仔猪结肠微生物群的β多样性有显著影响(P < 0.05)，PGR仔猪结肠微生物群中厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门的比值、放线菌门、巨球型菌属和芽孢杆菌属的相对丰度显著低于NBW仔猪，而变形菌门的相对丰度显著高于NBW仔猪(P < 0.05)，补充PE可以缓解PGR仔猪的结肠形态损伤，促进结肠杯状细胞的分化和MUC2的分泌，并增加结肠中丁酸产生菌的相对丰度(P < 0.05)。综上，在本试验条件下，给仔猪灌服PE可改善PGR仔猪的黏液合成分泌功能和缓解肠道菌群紊乱。

关键词: 磷脂酰乙醇胺, 出生后生长迟缓, 结肠, 肠道微生物群, 仔猪

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore whether phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) could improve the colonic mucosal barrier function and alleviate gut microbiota disorder of postnatal growth retardation (PGR) piglets. At the age of 7 days, 16 PGR piglets (average body weight 1.88±0.40 kg) and 16 normal body weight(NBW) piglets (average body weight 2.79±0.50 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups: CON-NBW (CN) group, PE-NBW (PN) group, CON-PGR (CP) group and PE-PGR (PP) group, with 8 replicates in each group and 1 piglet in each replicate. The piglets in PN and PP groups were fed with 0.78 g PE per day during lactation and 2.11 g PE per day after weaning. The piglets in CN and CP groups were fed with equal volume of 0.9% saline. All piglets were weaned at 28 days of age and the experiment lasted for 42 days. The piglets were slaughtered at 49 days of age, and the colonic tissues and contents of piglets were collected for the determination of colonic mucosal barrier function related indicators and 16S rDNA sequencing of colonic contents. The results showed that compared with NBW piglets, the colon morphology of PGR piglets was damaged, and the number of goblet cells, the mRNA expression of ZO-1, spdef and MUC2 were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). At the same time, the piglet status (NBW or PGR) and PE treatment had a significant impact on the β diversity of colonic microbiota in piglets (P < 0.05). The ratio of Firmicutes and Bacteroides, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Macrosphaera and Gemmiger in the colon of PGR piglets were significantly lower than that of NBW piglets, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly higher than that of NBW piglets (P < 0.05). PE supplementation alleviated the colonic morphological damage of PGR piglets, promoted the differentiation of colonic goblet cells and the secretion of MUC2, and increased the relative abundance of butyric acid producing bacteria in the colon (P < 0.05). Therefore, PE improved the mucus synthesis and secretion function and alleviated gut microbiota disorder of PGR piglets.

Key words: phosphatidylethanolamine, postnatal growth retardation, colon, gut microbiota, piglets

中图分类号:

S857.3

王楠, 王城名, 王婧, 林星彤, 何凌云. 磷脂酰乙醇胺对出生后生长迟缓仔猪结肠黏膜屏障功能和肠道菌群的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(7): 3305-3315.

WANG Nan, WANG Chengming, WANG Jing, LIN Xingtong, HE Lingyun. Effects of Phosphatidylethanolamine on Colonic Mucosal Barrier Function and Gut Microbiota in Postnatal Growth Retardation Piglets[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(7): 3305-3315.

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基因 Gene	基因号 GenBank No.	序列(5′→3′) Sequence (5′→3′)
β-actin	XM_0031242803	F: CTGCGGCATCCACGAAACT R: AGGGCCGTGATCTCCTTCTG
ZO-1	XM_021098896.1	F: CCTGAGTTTGATAGTGGCGTTGA R: AAATAGATTTCCTGCTCAATTCC
MUC2	XM_021082584.1	F: CTGTGTGGGGCCTGACAA R: AGTGCTTGCAGTCGAACTCA
spdef	XM_005665895.3	F: GGCAGGGTTATGTGGGGAGTA R: GCTGTGTGAGGGGTGAGATAAT

项目 Item	处理 Treatments		仔猪状态 Piglet status		标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	CON	PE	NBW	PGR	标准误 SEM	处理 Treatments	状态 Status	处理×状态 Treatment×Status
Firmicutes	62.11	64.50	65.59	61.02	1.22	0.336	0.073	0.034
Bacteroidetes	29.75	28.01	27.09	30.67	0.99	0.390	0.084	0.761
F/B	2.20	2.44	2.62	2.01	0.13	0.345	0.024	0.766
Actinobacteria	3.06	4.21	4.63	2.64	0.43	0.199	0.031	0.662
Protebacteria	3.15	0.95	0.97	3.13	0.47	0.029	0.032	0.031
Spirochaetes	0.25	0.25	0.33	0.17	0.05	0.987	0.114	0.073
Chlamydise	0.11	0.22	0.16	0.18	0.09	0.143	0.796	0.499
Fusobacteria	0.12	0.01	0.02	0.12	0.04	0.190	0.235	0.263
Verrucomicrobia	0.08	0.05	0.04	0.08	0.01	0.140	0.084	0.289

项目 Item	处理 Treatments		仔猪状态 Piglet status		标准误 SEM	P值 P-value
项目 Item	CON	PE	NBW	PGR	标准误 SEM	处理 Treatments	状态 Status	处理×状态 Treatment×Status
Megasphaera	0.27	0.89	0.91	0.25	0.16	0.056	0.043	0.084
Gemmiger	0.90	1.26	1.39	0.77	0.14	0.213	0.039	0.341
Coprococcus	0.07	0.19	0.15	0.11	0.02	0.006	0.259	0.458

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