低蛋白多元化饲粮添加玉米蛋白粉对白羽肉鸡生长性能和消化特性的影响

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.04.028

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究育雏期低蛋白水平下的饲粮结构对白羽肉鸡生长性能和消化特性的影响，为低蛋白多元化饲粮在肉鸡生产中的合理应用提供数据参考。试验采用3×2两因素完全随机设计，其中饲粮类型因素包括玉米-豆粕型(SBM)、玉米-豆粕-棉粕型(CSM)和玉米-豆粕-菜粕型(RSM)3种，玉米蛋白粉因素分为不添加(0%)和添加(5%)2种。将390只健康、体重接近的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡，随机分为6个处理组，每个处理5个重复，每个重复13只鸡。试验分为两个阶段，在肉鸡育雏期(1~14日龄)各处理组分别饲喂上述6种饲粮，形成6种饲粮饲喂下的肉鸡(SBM0、CSM0、RSM0、SBM5、CSM5、RSM5)，在生长期(15~28日龄)这6种肉鸡饲喂同一饲粮。测定各处理组肉鸡的生长性能以及在生长期对同一饲粮的养分代谢率、粪便评分、粪便体外养分消化率等指标。结果表明：1)饲粮类型与玉米蛋白粉对育雏期和生长期肉鸡生长性能的影响均无显著交互作用；育雏期玉米蛋白粉显著提高了生长期肉鸡的F/G(P < 0.05)，但对肉鸡的其他生长性能无显著影响；饲喂SBM饲粮的肉鸡在育雏期和生长期的末重及ADG均显著高于RSM饲粮(P < 0.05)，但对F/G均无显著影响；2)饲粮类型与玉米蛋白粉对肉鸡总能(GE)代谢率的影响有显著交互作用(P < 0.05)，SBM0组肉鸡在生长期对饲粮GE的代谢率显著高于RSMO、SBM5、CSM5和RSM5组(P < 0.05)；饲粮类型对肉鸡干物质(DM)和粗蛋白(CP)的代谢率均无显著影响，但添加玉米蛋白粉会显著降低肉鸡对DM和CP的代谢率(P < 0.05)；3)饲粮中添加玉米蛋白粉会显著提高肉鸡的粪便粒径，但对粪便评分无显著影响；相比SBM肉鸡，CSM和RSM肉鸡的粪便颜色、成型度和腹泻评分均得到显著改善(P < 0.05)；4)饲粮类型与玉米蛋白粉对肉鸡粪便体外养分消化率的影响有显著交互作用(P < 0.05)，SBM5组肉鸡粪便中DM和GE的消化率均显著高于不添加玉米蛋白粉的饲粮组(P < 0.05)；肉鸡粪便中的有效能值与其粗脂肪含量呈显著正相关(P < 0.05)、与粗纤维含量呈显著负相关(P < 0.05)。综上可见，饲粮类型和玉米蛋白粉对肉鸡生长和消化功能的影响均较大，特别是生长早期的玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加杂粕或玉米蛋白粉会显著降低后期肉鸡的养分代谢率，进而降低肉鸡的生长速度。

关键词: 肉鸡, 饲粮类型, 玉米蛋白粉, 生长性能, 消化功能

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of low-protein diet structure on the growth performance and digestive charateristics in white-feathered broilers during the early growing period, and to provide references for the rational application of low-protein diversified diets in broiler production. Experiments were arranged as a 3×2 two-factor completely randomized design, in which the diet type factors included corn-soybean meal type (SBM), corn-soybean meal-cottonseed meal type (CSM) and corn-soybean meal-rapeseed meal type (RSM), and the corn gluten meal factor was divided into 2 types of no addition (0%) and addition (5%). A total of 390 male 1-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly divided into 6 treatments, with 5 replicates per treatment and 13 broilers per replicate. The experiment included 2 phases, in the broiler brooding phase (1-14 days of age), each treatment was fed with the above 6 diets, respectively, resulted in 6 kinds of broilers (SBM0, CSM0, RSM0, SBM5, CSM5, RSM5), and in the growing phase (15-28 days of age), all the broilers were fed with the same diet. The growth performance of broilers in each phase was determined, as well as the nutrient digestibility, fecal scores, and in vitro nutrient digestibility of feces when broilers fed the same diet during the growing phase. The results showed as follows: 1) There was no significant interaction between diet type and corn gluten meal on the growth performance of broilers in each phase, the addition of corn gluten meal during the brooding phase significantly increased (P < 0.05) the F/G of broilers but did not significantly affect the other growth performance indicators. The final body weight and average daily gain of broilers fed SBM diet during the brooding and growing phase were greater than those fed the RSM diet (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference on F/G among treatments. 2) A diet type×corn gluten meal interaction (P < 0.05) was observed for the digestibility of gross energy (GE), which was driven by broilers in the SBM0 group had higher (P < 0.05) digestibility of GE than those of RSMO、SBM5、CSM5 and RSM5 groups. Diet type had no significant effect on the digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) of broilers, but the addition of corn gluten meal reduced (P < 0.05) the digestibility of DM and CP. 3) The addition of corn gluten meal increased (P < 0.05) fecal particle size, but had no effect on fecal scores. Broilers in CSM and RSM group had better (P < 0.05) fecal color, molding, and diarrhea scores compared with SBM broilers. 4) A diet type×corn gluten meal interaction (P < 0.05) effect was observed for the in vitro nutrient digestibility of broiler feces, the digestibility of DM and GE in feces in the SBM5 group was higher (P < 0.05) than that without the addition of corn gluten meal group. Additionally, effective energy value in broiler faeces was positively correlated (P < 0.05) with its ether extract content and negatively correlated (P < 0.05) with crude fibre content. In conclusion, the diet type and corn gluten meal had greater effect on the growth and digestive function development of broiler chickens. Especially in the early growing period, the addition of unconventional plant protein meal or corn gluten meal in corn-soybean meal diet will reduce the nutrient digestibility, thereby reducing the growth rate of boilers.

Key words: broiler, diet type, corn gluten meal, growth performance, digestive function

中图分类号:

S831.5

朱云, 王钰明, 孙晓晓, 陈辉, 赵峰, 解竞静, 陈一凡, 萨仁娜. 低蛋白多元化饲粮添加玉米蛋白粉对白羽肉鸡生长性能和消化特性的影响[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(4): 1802-1812.

ZHU Yun, WANG Yuming, SUN Xiaoxiao, CHEN Hui, ZHAO Feng, XIE Jingjing, CHEN Yifan, SA Renna. Effect of the Addition of Corn Gluten Meal to Low-protein Diversified Diet on Growth Performance and Digestive Characteristics of White-feathered Broilers[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(4): 1802-1812.

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项目 Item	育雏期(1~14日龄) Brooding phase (1-14 d of age)						生长期(15~28日龄) Growing phase (15-28 d of age)
	玉米蛋白粉(0%) Corn gluten meal(0%)			玉米蛋白粉(5%) Corn gluten meal(5%)			基础饲粮 Basal diet
	SBM	CSM	RSM	SBM	CSM	RSM	基础饲粮 Basal diet
原料 Ingredient
玉米 Corn	55.76	55.49	54.10	61.44	61.19	59.79	61.61
豆粕(43%) Soybean meal	36.70	32.50	33.80	27.80	23.60	24.90	27.30
棉粕(46%) Cottonseed meal	-	4.00	-	-	4.00	-	-
双低菜粕 Double low rapeseed meal	-	-	4.00	-	-	4.00	-
玉米蛋白粉(60%) Corn gluten meal	-	-	-	5.00	5.00	5.00	4.00
豆油 Soybean oil	3.50	3.90	4.10	1.40	1.80	2.00	3.20
氯化钠 NaCl	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.30	0.25
石粉 Limestone	1.19	1.22	1.15	1.24	1.28	1.21	1.32
磷酸氢钙 CaHPO₄	1.89	1.86	1.88	1.92	1.88	1.90	1.60
L-赖氨酸盐酸盐 L-Lys·HCl	-	0.05	0.02	0.23	0.27	0.25	0.15
DL-蛋氨酸 DL-Met	0.16	0.16	0.15	0.13	0.13	0.12	0.07
L-苏氨酸 L-Thr	-	0.02	-	0.04	0.05	0.03	-
预混料 Premix¹⁾	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50	0.50
合计 Total	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
营养水平 Nutrient levels²⁾
干物质 DM	92.36	91.92	92.02	92.02	91.62	91.96	92.10
总能/(MJ·kg^－1) GE	17.80	17.86	17.95	17.41	17.40	17.60	17.78
代谢能/(MJ·kg^－1) ME	12.55	12.55	12.55	12.55	12.55	12.55	12.97
粗蛋白质 CP	21.89	21.16	21.16	21.94	21.84	21.62	20.74
粗脂肪 EE	6.46	6.78	7.30	4.07	4.48	5.09	5.78

项目 Item	评分依据 Scoring criteria
项目 Item	1	2	3	4	5
颜色 Color	黄色	黄色多褐色少	褐色多黄色少	棕褐色	黑灰色
成形 Molding	松散不成形	松软可见颗粒	光滑紧实	—	—
腹泻 Diarrhea	无腹泻	腹泻＜3处	腹泻>3处	—	—
血便 Bloody stools	无血便	血便＜3处	血便>3处	—	—

玉米蛋白粉/% CGM	饲粮类型 Diet type	育雏期(1~14日龄) Brooding period (1-14 d of age)				生长期(15-28日龄) Growing period (15-28 d of age)
玉米蛋白粉/% CGM	饲粮类型 Diet type	14日龄体重/g BW at 14 days of age	平均日增重/g ADG	平均日采食量/g ADFI	料重比 F/G	28日龄体重/g BW at 28 days of age	平均日增重/g ADG	平均日采食量/g ADFI	料重比 F/G	代谢能平均日摄入量/(MJ·d^-1) ADAME_i	代谢CP平均日摄入量/(g·d^-1) ADMCP_i
0	SBM	403.2	25.88	32.61	1.26	1 274	62.21	89.01	1.43	1.35	12.36
	CSM	394.8	25.27	31.68	1.25	1 234	59.92	86.90	1.45	1.31	12.07
	RSM	373.4	23.74	30.59	1.29	1 147	55.22	81.19	1.47	1.22	11.13
5	SBM	400.0	25.65	32.67	1.28	1 226	59.02	87.77	1.49	1.31	11.79
	CSM	394.8	25.28	31.95	1.27	1 163	54.89	82.62	1.50	1.24	11.32
	RSM	386.5	24.68	31.59	1.28	1 182	56.83	85.08	1.50	1.27	11.58
SEM	5.5	0.39	0.56	0.01	24	1.70	2.28	0.02	0.03	0.31
主效应 Main effect
玉米蛋白粉/% CGM	0	390.5	24.96	31.63	1.27	1 218	59.12	85.70	1.45	1.30	11.85
玉米蛋白粉/% CGM	5	393.8	25.20	32.07	1.28	1 190	56.91	85.16	1.50	1.27	11.56
饲粮类型 Diet type	SBM	401.6^a	25.77^a	32.64^a	1.27	1 250^a	60.62^a	88.39	1.46	1.33	12.08
	CSM	394.8^a	25.28^a	31.82^ab	1.26	1 199^b	57.41^ab	84.76	1.48	1.28	11.70
	RSM	380.0^b	24.21^b	31.09^b	1.29	1 165^b	56.03^b	83.14	1.49	1.25	11.36
P值 P-value
玉米蛋白粉 CGM		0.46	0.46	0.32	0.48	0.16	0.11	0.76	0.01	0.38	0.24
饲粮类型 Diet type		＜0.01	＜0.01	0.03	0.23	＜0.01	0.03	0.06	0.49	0.05	0.07
玉米蛋白粉×饲粮类型 CGM×Diet type		0.30	0.31	0.66	0.68	0.08	0.13	0.18	0.81	0.15	0.11

玉米蛋白粉/% CGM	饲粮类型 Diet type	代谢率 metabolizability
玉米蛋白粉/% CGM	饲粮类型 Diet type	总能 GE	干物质 DM	粗蛋白质 CP
0	SBM	78.62^a	73.38	61.71
	CSM	78.42^ab	73.37	61.71
	RSM	78.09^b	72.91	60.89
5	SBM	77.14^d	72.43	59.66
	CSM	77.97^bc	72.79	60.83
	RSM	77.54^cd	72.60	60.47
SEM	0.17	0.18	0.35
主效应 Main effect
玉米蛋白粉/% CGM	0	78.38	73.22	61.44
玉米蛋白粉/% CGM	5	77.55	72.61	60.32
饲粮类型 Diet type	SBM	77.88	72.91	60.69
	CSM	78.20	73.08	61.27
	RSM	77.82	72.76	60.68
P值 P-value
玉米蛋白粉 CGM		＜0.01	＜0.01	＜0.01
饲粮类型 Diet type		0.07	0.23	0.17
玉米蛋白粉×饲粮类型 CGM×Diet type		0.01	0.24	0.07

玉米蛋白粉/% CGM	饲粮类型 Diet type	平均粒径/μm Mean particle size	粪便评分 Fecal score
玉米蛋白粉/% CGM	饲粮类型 Diet type	平均粒径/μm Mean particle size	颜色 Color	成型 Molding	腹泻 Diarrhea	血便 Bloody stools
0	SBM	135.3	2.34	1.96	1.55	1.14^b
	CSM	134.9	3.63	2.65	1.17	1.11^b
	RSM	167.9	3.49	2.19	1.21	1.13^b
5	SBM	167.2	2.41	1.79	1.54	1.29^a
	CSM	163.3	3.69	2.50	1.25	1.10^b
	RSM	167.3	3.49	2.18	1.27	1.12^b
SEM		5.5	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.03
主效应 Main effect
玉米蛋白粉/% CGM	0	146.0	3.15	2.27	1.31	1.13
玉米蛋白粉/% CGM	5	165.9	3.20	2.16	1.35	1.17
饲粮类型 Diet type	SBM	151.3	2.38^b	1.88^c	1.55^a	1.22
	CSM	149.1	3.66^a	2.58^a	1.21^b	1.11
	RSM	167.6	3.49^a	2.19^b	1.24^b	1.13
P值 P-value
玉米蛋白粉 CGM		0.01	0.56	0.23	0.62	0.11
饲粮类型 Diet type		0.06	＜0.01	＜0.01	0.01	0.01
玉米蛋白粉×饲粮类型 CGM×Diet type		0.11	0.92	0.69	0.91	0.03