岔路黑猪断奶前后粪便菌群和病毒组变化及其相关性研究

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.04.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在通过16S rDNA测序和宏病毒组测序探究岔路黑猪断奶前后肠道菌群和病毒组变化及其相关性。采集岔路黑猪断奶前7 d和断奶后7 d直肠粪便，利用16S rDNA测序和宏病毒组测序结合的方法对仔猪断奶过渡期间肠道微生物的变化进行分析。结果表明，与断奶前相比，断奶后粪便菌群α多样性显著提高(P＜0.05)，β多样性分析表明菌群群落结构发生显著变化(P＜0.05)，厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度显著增加(P＜0.05)，拟杆菌门相对丰度显著降低(P＜0.05)，乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和黏液乳杆菌属(Limosilactobacillus)的相对丰度极显著增加(P＜0.01)；宏病毒组测序表明，断奶前后粪便病毒组的α多样性无显著变化，但病毒组结构具有显著差异(P＜0.05)，断奶后有尾噬菌体纲(Caudoviricetes)和微小噬菌体科(Microviridae)的相对丰度显著增加(P＜0.05)；而且，噬菌体分别与特定的细菌群落显著相关，嗜黏蛋白阿克曼氏菌科(Akkermansiaceae)与有尾噬菌体目(Caudovirales)家族噬菌体存在显著正相关的关系(P＜0.05)。综上表明，断奶应激改变了岔路黑猪仔猪粪便菌群和病毒组的组成和结构，并揭示了粪便菌群和病毒组的相关性，有利于促进中国地方猪种资源的保护和利用。

关键词: 岔路黑猪, 断奶应激, 病毒组, 微生物组

Abstract:

The study aims to explore the change of rectum bacteria and virome before and after weaning and their interactions of Chalu black piglets through 16S rDNA and meta-virome sequencing. Feces were collected from the rectal of Chalu black pigs on day 7 before weaning and day 7 after weaning respectively. 16S rDNA and meta-virome sequencing were used to analyze the rectum microbes change of weaned piglets during the weaning transition. The results showed that, the α diversity of rectum microbiota was increased post-weaning and the β diversity analysis indicated a significant change in community structure (P < 0.05). What's more, the relative abundance of Firmicutes (P < 0.05), Lactobacillus (P < 0.01) and Limosilactobacillus (P < 0.01) were increased significantly, while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05) decreased significatly compared with that of pre-weaning; Meta-virome sequencing illustrated that there was no significant change in α diversity of the virus before and after weaning, but the virome structure changed significantly (P < 0.05). Especially, the relative abundance of Caudoviricetes and Microviridae are having a significant increase after weaning (P < 0.05); Moreover, the intestinal phages interacted with specific bacterial communities, and there was a significant positive correlation between the Akkermansiaceae and Caudovirales family phages (P < 0.05). In summary, the study demonstrated that the effects of weaning stress on the rectum microbiota and virome of piglets and provide new insights into the interactions between rectum microbiota and virome in local pig species, which is benificial in promoting the protection and utilization of local pig breeds in China.

Key words: Chalu black pig, weaning stress, virome, microbiome

中图分类号:

S828.5

李苏陈, 陆婷婷, 陈军光, 缪晖, 毛海光, 韩新燕. 岔路黑猪断奶前后粪便菌群和病毒组变化及其相关性研究[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(4): 1791-1801.

LI Suchen, LU Tingting, CHEN Junguang, MIAO Hui, MAO Haiguang, HAN Xinyan. Changes of Rectum Microbiota and Virome before and after Weaning and Their Interactions of Chalu Black Pigs[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(4): 1791-1801.

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饲粮组成 Diet composition	教槽料 Creep feed	保育料 Nursery feed	营养水平²⁾ Nutrient level²⁾	教槽料 Creep feed	保育料Nursery feed
玉米Corn	16.5	35.4	消化能/(MJ·kg^-1) DE	14.18	14.23
膨化玉米Extruded corn	-	12.0	粗蛋白CP	19.20	18.30
豆粕Soybean meal	-	8.0	粗灰分Ash	4.60	4.90
膨化大豆Expanded soybean	8.0	11.5	钙Ca	0.70	0.71
大豆浓缩蛋白Soy protein concentrate	6.5	-	总磷P	0.62	0.61
发酵豆粕Fermented soybean meal	7.0	2.0	赖氨酸Lys	1.75	1.75
碎米Broken rice	6.0	5.0	蛋氨酸Met	1.35	1.35
米皮糠Rice husk	5.0	6.0
面粉Flour	17.0	0.0
乳清粉Dried whey	14.0	7.0
糖Sugar	4.0	0.0
鱼粉Fish meal	3.0	3.0
大豆油Soybean oil	4.0	1.0
麸皮Bran	4.0	4.0
石粉Limestone	0.5	0.6
磷酸氢钙CaHPO₃	0.5	0.5
赖氨酸Lys	1.6	1.6
蛋氨酸Met	1.2	1.2
复合预混料¹⁾Compound premix¹⁾	7.00	4.00
复合酶制剂Complex enzyme preparation	0.2	0.2
总量Total	100.0	100.0

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