转录组分析揭示山羊角基皮肤的代谢适应性变化

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在揭示性激素分泌模式适应性变化以及角基皮肤支撑角器官发育的代谢机制。本研究选取成年的有角种公羊和无角种公羊各3只，晨饲前采集血液，采用酶联免疫测定法(ELISA)和放射免疫(RIA)测定法测量血清性激素水平，采集有角种公羊的角基周围皮肤和无角种公羊前额对应位置的皮肤用于转录组测序分析。激素检测结果表明, 有角羊血清中孕酮、促卵泡生成素和促黄体生成素的浓度显著低于无角羊(P < 0.05)，有角羊睾酮/雌二醇(T/E2)显著高于无角羊(P < 0.05)，但睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)浓度没有显著差异。转录组分析发现1 721个差异显著基因，其中1 183个基因上调，538个基因下调。这些差异基因显著富集在代谢通路(metabolic pathways)、脂肪酸延长(fatty acid elongation)、脂肪酸代谢(fatty acid metabolism)、细胞外基质-受体相互作用(ECM-receptor interaction)、不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成(biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids)、脂肪酸降解(fatty acid degradation)、甘油脂代谢(glycerolipid metabolism)等信号通路。总之，研究结果表明角基皮肤需要多的能量和角蛋白的分泌来满足蛋白鞘的生长，同时通过减少细胞胶原蛋白和外基质来保持较高的结构稳定。另外，有角公羊P、FSH和LH水平降低，表明其繁殖策略转向依赖角的形态优势及高T/E2比值驱动的攻击性行为。本研究结果为解析山羊角生长发育的分子调控机制及角性状对生殖适应性的影响提供了理论依据。

关键词: 山羊, 无角性状, 性激素, 转录组

Abstract:

This study aimed to reveal the adaptive changes in sex hormone secretion patterns and the metabolic mechanisms underlying the development of horn-supporting skin structures. Six adult buck, including 3 horned and 3 polled individuals, were selected. Blood samples were collected before morning feeding, and serum sex hormone levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay (RIA). Skin samples were taken from the horn base of horned bucks and the corresponding forehead region of polled bucks for transcriptome sequencing analysis. Hormone analysis showed that the serum concentrations of progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly lower in horned bucks than in polled bucks (P < 0.05). The testosterone-to-estradiol (T/E2) ratio was significantly higher in horned bucks (P < 0.05), but the levels of testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) did not show significant differences. Transcriptome analysis identified 1 721 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 1 183 upregulated and 538 downregulated. These DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways related to metabolism (metabolic pathways), fatty acid elongation, fatty acid metabolism, extracellular matrix (ECM-receptor interaction), biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid degradation, and glycolipid metabolism. In conclusion, the findings suggest that horn-based skin requires more energy and keratin secretion for protein sheath growth, while maintaining higher structural stability by reducing cellular collagen and exoskeleton. In addition, horned bucks have reduced levels of P, FSH and LH, suggesting a shift in reproductive strategy towards horn-dependent morphological dominance and aggressive behaviour driven by high T/E2 ratios. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for resolving the molecular regulatory mechanisms of horn growth and development in goats and the effects of horn traits on reproductive adaptations.

Key words: goat, polled trait, sex hormones, transcriptome

中图分类号:

S827.2

黄岩, 杨宇航, 刘天伟, 朱露, 张思欢, 凌英会. 转录组分析揭示山羊角基皮肤的代谢适应性变化[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(10): 4938-4946.

HUANG Yan, YANG Yuhang, LIU Tianwei, ZHU Lu, ZHANG Sihuan, LING Yinghui. Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Metabolic Adaptive Changes in Goat Horned Skin[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(10): 4938-4946.

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基因 Gene	上游引物(5′→3′) Forward primer	下游引物(5′→3′) Reverse primer
ARPC5L	GAATCAAGCCGTGAAGGAGC	ACAGCCCTGCTCGATTTCACT
ACADM	AACCAGACCACCAGTTGCAG	CATTGCCATTTCAGCCAGCA
MYH14	GCCCTGGAAGCCGACCAT	CGAACAGGAACGGCTGGG
ITGA7	CAGGGACTGTGGGATGGGATT	CTTGAACTGCTGCCGGTCTT
ITGA5	GGGAACCTCACCTACGGCTA	GTAGGAGGCCATCTGTTCCC
GAPDH	CTTCAACAGCGACACTCACTCT	CCACCACCCTGTTGCTGTA

表达变化 Change	基因 Gene	变化倍数的对数 log₂(fold change)	P-value	FDR
上调 Up-regulated	ACADM	2.11	8.51×10^-5	3.17×10^-3
	ACADSB	1.96	5.31×10^-4	1.07×10^-2
	ACOX3	1.29	5.61×10^-5	2.35×10^-3
	ACSL4	1.53	6.10×10^-5	2.49×10^-3
	ARPC5L	1.01	2.99×10^-3	3.23×10^-2
	CPT2	1.73	2.32×10^-4	6.10×10^-3
	ECHS1	1.37	1.56×10^-3	2.13×10^-2
	KRT42	1.35	3.65×10^-3	3.68×10^-2
	KRT83	2.16	2.44×10^-3	2.84×10^-2
	MYH14	1.08	1.92×10^-4	5.46×10^-3
下调 Down-regulated	COL1A1	-1.56	9.18×10^-5	3.33×10^-3
	COL1A2	-1.50	4.07×10^-5	1.87×10^-3
	COL6A1	-1.62	2.61×10^-4	6.58×10^-3
	COL6A2	-1.70	6.20×10^-5	2.52×10^-3
	COL6A3	-1.34	3.99×10^-3	3.90×10^-2
	COL6A6	-2.48	1.47×10^-14	3.57×10^-11
	ITGA5	-1.14	5.77×10^-3	4.91×10^-2
	ITGA7	-1.15	5.35×10^-3	4.67×10^-2
	ITGA9	-1.23	3.44×10^-4	8.05×10^-3
	ITGB5	-1.33	1.90×10^-3	2.41×10^-2
	ITGB6	-1.60	1.01×10^-3	1.62×10^-2

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