N6-甲基腺苷(m6A)修饰在畜禽遗传育种与繁殖中的调控作用研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.10.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

N6-甲基腺苷(m⁶A)修饰是广泛存在于真核细胞中的RNA修饰方式，是RNA表观遗传修饰的重要形式。m⁶A修饰主要通过调节mRNA和非编码RNA(ncRNA)的转录、加工和降解，进而调控多种生理代谢活动。在畜禽中，m⁶A修饰涉及到肌肉发育、脂质代谢及繁殖等多种生命活动调控的分子机制。本文论述了m⁶A修饰在畜禽遗传育种与繁殖中的调控作用，探讨了m⁶A修饰在畜禽领域的应用和未来研究方向。

关键词: m⁶A修饰, 畜禽, 遗传育种与繁殖, 生长发育, 调控

Abstract:

N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) modification is a widespread RNA modification in eukaryotic cells and an important component of RNA epigenetic modification. m⁶A modification mainly regulates the transcription, processing, and degradation of mRNA and non-coding RNA (ncRNA), thus regulating a variety of physiological and metabolic activities. In livestock and poultry, m⁶A modification is involved in a variety of molecular mechanisms of life activities, such as muscle development, lipid metabolism, and reproduction. In this review, the regulatory role of m⁶A modification in livestock and poultry genetic breeding and reproduction is summarized. In addition, the application and future direction of m⁶A modification in livestock and poultry are also discussed.

Key words: m⁶A modification, livestock and poultry, genetic breeding and reproduction, growth and development, regulation

中图分类号:

S813.3

邵嘉皓, 张艳婕, 赵永聚. N6-甲基腺苷(m⁶A)修饰在畜禽遗传育种与繁殖中的调控作用研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(10): 4774-4786.

SHAO Jiahao, ZHANG Yanjie, ZHAO Yongju. Research Progress of N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) Modification in Regulation of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Breeding and Reproduction[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(10): 4774-4786.

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细胞/组织 Cells/Tissues	结果 Result	参考文献 Reference
颗粒细胞Granular cell	绘制了颗粒细胞小卵泡(＜3 mm)到大卵泡(>5 mm)发育过程中的m⁶A修饰	Cao等^[66]
卵母细胞Oocyte	化学诱导的m⁶A修饰减少损伤卵母细胞成熟和发育	Wang等^[67]、Zhang等^[68]
精子Sperm	绘制了精子在冷冻保存过程中的m⁶A修饰	Qi等^[69]
精子Sperm	绘制了精原细胞、精母细胞及圆形精细胞的m⁶A修饰	Liu等^[70]
睾丸Testis	绘制了猪不同发育阶段睾丸组织m⁶A修饰	Chen等^[71]、Zhang等^[72]
胚胎Embryo	m⁶A修饰参与调节猪早期胚胎发育	Yu等^[73]
胚胎Embryo	高温暴露会改变m⁶A修饰，从而进一步影响猪的早期胚胎发育	Sun等^[74]
胎盘Placenta	绘制了不同初生体重仔猪胎盘m⁶A修饰	Song等^[75]

物种 Species	基因 Gene	经济性状 Trait	方法 Method	结果 Result	参考文献 Reference
韩牛Korea cattle	FTO	肉质性状	SNP	g.125550A>T SNP与大理石花纹性状显著相关	Chung^[93]
荷斯坦奶牛Holstein cows	FTO	产奶性状	SNP	FTO基因第6内含子中的SNP Hapmap51149BTA-42665对乳脂含量的影响最大	Zielke等^[94]
西门塔尔牛、布朗牛Simmental cattle, Brown cattle	FTO	生长性状、酮体性状	SNP	FTO变异与两品种牛的瘦肉率显著相关，FTO变异与西门塔尔牛屠宰时脂肪率、骨量和活重相关	Jevsinek Skok等^[95]
杂交鸭Hybrid duck	FTO	肉质性状	SNP	g.387G>A SNP与肌内脂肪含量、熟肉率、屠宰后45 min pH、胸肌滴水损失和腿肌滴水损失显著相关	Gan等^[96]
同羊Tong sheep	FTO	生长性状、肥尾性状	InDel	8个InDel位点与部分生长性状显著相关，4个InDel位点与肥尾性状显著相关	Wang等^[97]
家兔Rabbit	FTO	生长性状、肉质性状	SNP	SNP c.499G>A (p.A167T)与35、70和84日龄新西兰兔体重显著相关。CC基因型SNP c.660 T>C与伊拉兔84日龄体重、平均日增重和腰最长肌脂肪含量显著高于TT和TC基因型	Zhang等^[98]
家兔Rabbit	FTO、IRS1	生长性状	SNP	FTOc.499G>A和IRS1c.2574G>A的双基因组合模式与70和84日龄体重相关	Zhang等^[99]

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N6-甲基腺苷(m⁶A)修饰在畜禽遗传育种与繁殖中的调控作用研究进展

Research Progress of N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) Modification in Regulation of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Breeding and Reproduction

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