β-防御素的生物学特性及其在调控动物肠道屏障中的研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肠道黏膜屏障是阻止外来病原性物质入侵的第一道防线，其完整性对维持肠道健康至关重要。β-防御素是广泛分布于哺乳动物上皮细胞的小分子多肽，具有抗微生物、抗肿瘤、抗炎及免疫调节等生物学特性，且抗菌广谱、分子量小、不易产生耐药性。β-防御素可以通过调节肠道菌群、肠上皮细胞紧密连接表达、肠上皮细胞抑菌物质的分泌以及肠黏膜免疫作用从而调控肠道屏障功能，维护肠道内环境的稳态。本文就β-防御素的生物学特性及作用机制、β-防御素在调控动物肠道屏障上的作用、饲料添加剂对肠道β-防御素的调节作用三大方面进行综述，以期为β-防御素在动物肠道中的应用提供参考。

关键词: β-防御素, 生物学特性, 畜禽, 肠道屏障

Abstract:

The intestinal mucosal barrier is the first line of defense against the invasion of foreign pathogenic substances, and its integrity is essential to maintain intestinal health. β-defensins are small molecular peptides widely distributed in mammalian epithelial cells. They have biological properties such as antimicrobial, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, and have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, small molecular weight, and are not prone to drug-resistant. β-defensins can regulate intestinal barrier function by regulating intestinal flora, the expression of tight junction of intestinal epithelial cells, the secretion of bacteriostatic substances in intestinal epithelial cells, and the immune function of intestinal mucosa, thus maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal environment. In this paper, the biological characteristics of β-defensins and its function mechanism, the regulation of β-defensins on animal intestinal barrier function, regulatory effect of feed additive on β-defensins were reviewed, in order to provide reference for its application in animal intestines.

Key words: β-defensins, biological characteristics, livestock and poultry, gut barrier

中图分类号:

S852.2

王卓, 赵雨薇, 屠焰, 刁其玉, 崔凯. β-防御素的生物学特性及其在调控动物肠道屏障中的研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(3): 995-1005.

WANG Zhuo, ZHAO Yuwei, TU Yan, DIAO Qiyu, CUI Kai. Research Progress on Biological Characteristics of β-defensins and Their Roles in Regulating Intestinal Barrier in Animals[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(3): 995-1005.

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添加剂种类 Types of additives	饲料添加剂 Feed additive	添加剂量 Dose added	产生部位 Site of production	β-防御素类型 β-defensin types	参考文献 References
植物提取物 Plant extracts	槲皮素	0.02%~0.06%	肉鸡回肠	AvBD3、4、5、6、7、 8、9、10、11、13	[69]
	黄花蒿	0.1%	仔猪十二指肠、空肠、回肠	pBD1、pBD2、pBD3	[70]
	葛根多糖	0.8 g·kg^－1	小鼠小肠	总β-防御素	[71]
氨基酸 Amino acids	L-苏氨酸	1 mmol·L^－1	IPEC-J2	pBD-1、pBD-2、 pBD-3	[72]
小分子化合物 Small molecule compounds	烟酸	1×10⁷ TCID₅₀	断奶仔猪空肠、回肠	pBD-1、pBD-2	[73]
小分子化合物 Small molecule compounds	丁酸甘油酯	0.5%	断奶仔猪空肠、回肠	pBD1、pBD2、pBD3、 pBD114、pBD129	[74]
益生菌 Probiotics	双歧杆菌	1×10⁹ cfu·mL^－1	斑马鱼	zfbd-1, zfbd-2, zfbd-3	[75]
	罗伊氏乳杆菌	1×10⁸ CFU 菌液300 μL	鸡回肠和盲肠	AvBD10、 AvBD12↓	[76]
	酸化小儿球菌、粪肠球菌	2.5×10⁹ CFU·kg^－1、 1 g·kg^－1	肉鸡回肠	AvBD2、 AvBD9↓	[77]

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