马卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻保存研究进展

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 卵母细胞的冷冻保存技术对于人类辅助生殖技术和畜牧生产具有重要的意义，该技术有助于优良品种的遗传资源保护和生物多样性的维持。然而，由于卵母细胞具有表面积与体积比值较小、细胞膜渗透性差等特性，其在冷冻过程中极易形成冰晶造成机械损伤、遭受氧化应激和冷冻保护剂毒性等影响，严重降低其解冻后的发育能力。与其他动物相比，马卵母细胞中丰富的脂滴含量降低了其低温耐受性，冷冻保存难度更大。尽管可以从玻璃化冷冻的未成熟卵母细胞中获得后代，但与新鲜卵母细胞相比，经玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞的发育能力还有待进一步提升。本文主要从玻璃化冷冻对马卵母细胞造成的损伤类型和影响马卵母细胞冷冻效率的因素等方面进行综述，为进一步建立和完善马卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻保存方案提供参考。

关键词: 马, 卵母细胞, 玻璃化冷冻, 冷冻损伤, 冷冻保护剂

Abstract: Oocyte cryopreservation is of significant importance for human assisted reproductive technology and livestock production.This technology aids in the conservation of genetic resources from superior breeds and the maintenance of biodiversity.However,due to their small surface area-to-volume ratio and low membrane permeability,oocytes are highly susceptible to damage during freezing.This includes mechanical injury caused by ice crystal formation,oxidative stress,and the toxicity of cryoprotectants,all of which severely reduce their developmental competence after thawing. Compared to other animals,the high lipid content within equine oocytes reduces their cryotolerance,making cryopreservation considerably more challenging. Although offspring can be obtained from vitrified immature oocytes,the developmental competence of vitrified-thawed oocytes remains to be enhanced compared to their fresh oocytes.This article primarily reviews the types of damage caused by vitrification to equine oocytes and the factors influencing the cryopreservation efficiency of equine oocytes.It aims to provide a reference for further establishing and optimizing vitrification protocols for equine oocyte cryopreservation.

Key words: equine, oocytes, vitrification, cryodamage, cryoprotective agent

中图分类号:

S821.35

杨明颖, 王娜, 刘源壹, 李昕俞, 巴音那木拉, 石玉杰, 芒来, 杜明. 马卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻保存研究进展[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4143-4155.

YANG Mingying, WANG Na, LIU Yuanyi, LI Xinyu, Bayanamar, SHI Yujie, MANG Lai, DU Ming. Research Progress on Vitrification Cryopreservation of Equine Oocytes[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4143-4155.

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