p5cr基因在金龟子绿僵菌合成苦马豆素中相关性分析

doi:10.11843/j.issn.0366-6964.2025.09.048

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究旨在利用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术研究p5cr(吡咯啉-5-羧酸还原酶)在金龟子绿僵菌合成苦马豆素中的作用，为苦马豆素的生物合成和工业化生产提供理论依据。试验以金龟子绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae)为研究对象，使用qRT-PCR方法检测苦马豆素合成通路基因p5cr、sdh、pks和p450的转录水平，并对发酵培养1～7 d的金龟子绿僵菌的苦马豆素产量和相关基因表达量进行相关性分析，筛选出p5cr基因作为目标基因，采用CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术对催化酶基因p5cr进行敲除和过表达，验证p5cr基因与金龟子绿僵菌合成苦马豆素的相关性。结果显示，苦马豆素的产量与pks基因表达量之间为强相关性，而与p5cr、sdh和p450基因表达量之间均为极强相关性；敲除和过表达金龟子绿僵菌p5cr基因会导致苦马豆素产量显著降低(P＜0.01)和升高(P＜0.001)。上述研究结果表明，p5cr基因与金龟子绿僵菌的苦马豆素合成具有极强相关性，并且该基因在金龟子绿僵菌合成苦马豆素通路中起重要调节作用，为后续深入研究p5cr基因的功能及其调控作用奠定基础。

关键词: 金龟子绿僵菌, p5cr基因, 苦马豆素, 疯草, CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术

Abstract: This study aims to utilize the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology to investigate the role of p5cr (pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase) in the synthesis of swainsonine by Metarhizium anisopliae, providing a theoretical basis for the biosynthesis and industrial production of swainsonine. In this study, Metarhizium anisopliae was used as the object of study, qRT-PCR method was used to detect the gene expression levels of p5cr, sdh, pks, and p450 in the swainsonine biosynthetic pathway. The correlation analysis was conducted on the production of swainsonine and the expression levels of related genes of Metarhizium anisopliae after 1 to 7 days of fermentation. The p5cr gene was selected as the target gene. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was applied to knock out and overexpress the catalytic gene p5cr, in order to validate the correlation between the p5cr gene and swainsonine synthesis in Metarhizium anisopliae. The results demonstrated a strong positive correlation between swainsonine production and the expression level of the pks gene, while extremely strong correlations (P<0.001) were observed with the expression levels of the p5cr, sdh, and p450 genes. Knockout and overexpression of the p5cr gene in Metarhizium anisopliae led to a significant decrease (P<0.01) and increase (P<0.001) in swainsonine yield, respectively. This study reveals that the p5cr gene exhibits an extremely strong association with swainsonine biosynthesis in Metarhizium anisopliae and plays a crucial regulatory role in its biosynthetic pathway. These findings provide a foundational framework for further investigations into the function and regulatory role of the p5cr gene.

Key words: Metarhizium anisopliae, p5cr gene, swainsonine, locoweed, CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology

中图分类号:

S859.87

孙品之, 屈盈盈, 张沁, 杨丽雯, 李彦歌, 张怡清清, 张雨, 路浩. p5cr基因在金龟子绿僵菌合成苦马豆素中相关性分析[J]. 畜牧兽医学报, 2025, 56(9): 4718-4729.

SUN Pinzhi, QU Yingying, ZHANG Qin, YANG Liwen, LI Yange, ZHANG Yiqingqing, ZHANG Yu, LU Hao. Correlation Analysis of the p5cr Gene in Swainsonine Biosynthesis in Metarhizium anisopliae[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2025, 56(9): 4718-4729.

参考文献

[1] FU K Y, CHEN X, SHOU N, et al. Swainsonine induces liver inflammation in mice via disturbance of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2023, 71:1758-1767.
[2] WANG S, GUO Y Z, YANG C, et al. Swainsonine triggers paraptosis via ER stress and mapk signaling pathway in rat primary renal tubular epithelial cells[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2021, 12: 715285.
[3] LIU Y L, ZHANG S H, WANG W N, et al. Swainsonine-induced vacuolar degeneration is regulated by mTOR-mediated autophagy in HT22 cells[J]. Toxicol Lett, 2023, 373: 41-52.
[4] SILVEIRA C R F, CIPELLI M, MANZINE C, et al. Swainsonine, an alpha-mannosidase inhibitor, may worsen cervical cancer progression through the increase in myeloid derived suppressor cells population[J]. PLoS One, 2019, 14: e0213184.
[5] REN S E, FAN C, ZHANG L Z, et al. The plant secondary compound swainsonine reshapes gut microbiota in plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae)[J]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2021, 105: 6419-6433.
[6] LU H, QUAN H Y, REN Z H, et al. The genome of Undifilum oxytropis provides insights into swainsonine biosynthesis and locoism[J]. Sci Rep, 2016,6:30760.
[7] COOK D, DONZELLI B G G, CREAMER R, et al. Swainsonine biosynthesis genes in diverse symbiotic and pathogenic fungi[J]. G3 (Bethesda), 2017, 7: 1791-1797.
[8] LI D, ZHAO X L, LU P, et al. The Effects of swnH1 gene function of endophytic fungus Alternaria oxytropis OW 7.8 on its swainsonine biosynthesis[J]. Microorganisms, 2024, 12(10):2081.
[9] LUO F F, HONG S, CHEN B, et al. Unveiling of swainsonine biosynthesis via a multibranched pathway in fungi[J] ACS Chem Biol, 2020,15(9): 2476-2484.
[10] 孙璐. PKS基因在金龟子绿僵菌合成苦马豆素中的作用研究[D].杨凌：西北农林科技大学，2021.
SUN L. The effect on PKS gene in swainsonine synthesis of Metarhizium anisopliae[D]. Yangling: Northwestern Agriculture and Forestry University, 2021. (in Chinese)
[11] BROQUIST H, MASON P, HAGLER W, et al. Identification of swainsonine as a probable contributory mycotoxin in moldy forage mycotoxicosis[J]. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1984, 48: 386-388.
[12] 张雨，朱燕丽，李博，等. 金龟子绿僵菌发酵液中苦马豆素含量及催化酶基因mRNA表达分析[J].畜牧兽医学报，2020，51(4)：881-887.
ZHANG Y, ZHU Y L, LI B, et al. mRNA expression analysis of catalytic enzyme gene and content of swainsonine in the fermentation broth of Metarhizium anisopliae[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2020, 51(4)：881-887. (in Chinese)
[13] 孙璐，宋润杰，路浩，等.SWNR基因在金龟子绿僵菌合成苦马豆素中的作用[J].畜牧兽医学报，2021，52(5)：1439-1446.
SUN L, SONG R J, LU H, et al. The role of SWNR gene on the biosynthetic pathway of the swainsonine in Metarhizium anisopliae[J]. Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2021, 52(5)：1439-1446. (in Chinese)
[14] GUO C C, ZHANG L, ZHAO Q Q, et al. Host-species variation and environment influence endophyte symbiosis and mycotoxin levels in Chinese Oxytropis species[J]. Toxins, 2022, 14: 18.
[15] SCHMITTGEN T D, LIVAK K J. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method[J]. Nat Protoc, 2008, 3: 1101-1108.
[16] NODVIG C S, NIELSEN J B, KOGLE M E, et al. A CRISPR-Cas9 system for genetic engineering of filamentous fungi[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10: e0133085.
[17] HUANG E X, ZHANG Y, SUN L, et al. swnk plays an important role in the biosynthesis of swainsonine in Metarhizium anisopliae[J]. Biotechnol Lett, 2023, 45: 509-519.
[18] CHEN Y Y, CAI C L, YANG J F, et al. Development of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for the marine-derived fungi Spiromastix sp. SCSIO F190 and Aspergillus sp. SCSIO SX7S7[J]. J Fungi(Basel), 2022, 8(7): 715.
[19] DING Q, YE C. Microbial cell factories based on filamentous bacteria, yeasts, and fungi[J]. Microb Cell Fact,2023, 22(1): 20.
[20] DICARLO J E, NORVILLE J E, MALI P, et al. Genome engineering in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using CRISPR-Cas systems[J]. Nucleic Acids Res, 2013, 41: 4336-4343.
[21] POHL C, KIEL J A K W, DRIESSEN A J M, et al. CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing of Penicillium chrysogenum[J]. ACS synth biol, 2016, 5: 754-764.
[22] CLEMMENSEN S E, KROMPHARDT K J K, FRANDSEN R J N. Marker-free CRISPR-Cas9 based genetic engineering of the phytopathogenic fungus, Penicillium expansum[J]. Fungal Genet Biol, 2022, 160: 103689.
[23] SHI T Q, GAO J, WANG W J, et al. CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in the filamentous fungus Fusarium fujikuroi and its application in strain engineering for gibberellic acid production[J]. ACS Synth Biol, 2019, 8: 445-454.
[24] LIU R, CHEN L, JIANG Y P, et al. Efficient genome editing in filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei using the CRISPR/Cas9 system[J]. Cell Discov, 2015, 1: 15007.
[25] SCHIMMEL J, MUÑOZ-SUBIRANA N, KOOL H, et al. Modulating mutational outcomes and improving precise gene editing at CRISPR-Cas9-induced breaks by chemical inhibition of end-joining pathways[J]. Cell Rep, 2023, 42: 112019.
[26] AMANO M, MIZUGUCHI H, SANO T, et al. Recombinant expression, molecular characterization and crystal structure of antitumor enzyme, L-lysine α-oxidase from Trichoderma viride[J]. J Biochem, 2015, 157(6): 549-59.
[27] JIANG C M, LV G B, TU Y Y, et al. Applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in the synthesis of secondary metabolites in filamentous fungi[J]. Front Microbiol, 2021, 12: 638096.
[28] LIU W W, AN C Y, SHU X, et al. A dual-plasmid CRISPR/Cas system for mycotoxin elimination in polykaryotic industrial fungi[J]. ACS Synth Biol, 2020, 9(8):2087-2095.
[29] ZHANG L, WU R L, MUR L A J, et al. Assembly of high-quality genomes of the locoweed Oxytropis ochrocephala and its endophyte Alternaria oxytropis provides new evidence for their symbiotic relationship and swainsonine biosynthesis[J]. Mol Ecol Resour, 2023, 23: 253-272.
[30] LIANG Y, LI S W, SONG X D, et al. Swainsonine producing performance of Alternaria oxytropis was improved by heavy-ion mutagenesis technology[J]. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 2021, 368: fnab047.